During the last 30 years, knowledge of the essential role that pyrrole structures play in the chemistry of living organisms, drug design, and the development of advanced materials has increased. Correspondingly, research on the diverse issues of synthetic, theoretical, and applied chemistry has snowballed. Devoted to the latest achievements of this field, Chemistry of Pyrroles covers the discovery and development of a novel, facile, and highly effective method for the construction of the pyrrole ring from ketones (ketoximes) and acetylene in superbase catalytic systems (Trofimov reaction). It provides cutting-edge details on the preparation of valuable but previously inaccessible pyrrole compounds. It includes approximately 1,000 structures of novel pyrrole compounds, their yields, and physical-chemical characteristics. The authors analyze conditions of typical syntheses, limitations of their applicability, and possibility of vinyl chloride or dichloroethane application instead of acetylene. They examine chemical engineering aspects of the first synthesis of tetrahydroindole and indole from commercially available oxime of cyclohexanone and acetylene. In addition, the book discusses new facets of pyrroles and N-vinyl pyrroles reactivity in the reactions with the participation of both the pyrrole ring and N-vinyl groups. The book provides condensed, clear-cut information on novel syntheses of substituted pyrroles as key structural units of living matter (chlorophyll and hemoglobin), pharmaceuticals, and monomers for optoelectronic materials. It includes tables that provide references to original works, forming a guide to a variety of the reactions and synthesized compounds discussed. With coverage of the broad range of pyrrole chemistry and methods for their synthesis, it provides both a theoretical and an experimental basis for drug design.

This book illustrates and teaches the finer details of the tactics and strategies employed in the synthesis of organic molecules. As well as providing model answers to the problems, the book discusses, in detail, the reasons why particular strategies are chosen, and why, in given circumstances, alternative methods or routes may or may not be appropriate. As such it could be used as a stand alone volume for the teaching of organic chemistry with a modern and appropriate emphasis on synthesis. Extensive cross referencing to Principles of Organic Synthesis allows the two books to be used as companion volumes.

This book presents a collection of known information on the insecticidal properties of constituents of higher plants, microorganisms, animals, and marine flora and fauna in order to assist researchers in selecting leads for further development.

Any research that uses new organic chemicals, or ones that are not commercially available, will at some time require the synthesis of such compounds. Therefore, organic synthesis is important in many areas of both applied and academic research, from chemistry to biology, biochemistry, and materials science. The third edition of a bestseller, Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry is a guide that explains the basic techniques of organic chemistry, presenting the necessary information for readers to carry out widely used modern organic synthesis reactions.This book is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as industrial organic chemists, particularly those involved in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other areas of fine chemical research. It provides the novice or nonspecialist with the often difficult-to-find information on reagent properties needed to perform general techniques. With over 80 years combined experience training and developing organic research chemists in industry and academia, the authors offer sufficient guidance for researchers to perform reactions under conditions that give the highest chance of success, including the appropriate precautions to take and proper experimental protocols. The text also covers the following topics: Record keeping and equipment Solvent purification and reagent preparation Using gases and working with vacuum pumps Purification, including crystallization and distillation Small-scale and large-scale reactions Characterization, including NMR spectra, melting point and boiling point, and microanalysis Efficient ways to find information in the chemical literature With fully updated text and all newly drawn figures, the third edition provides a powerful tool for building the knowledge on the most up-to-date techniques commonly used in organic synthesis.

This important book is devoted to covering the synthetic aspects of nitroxide chemistry. The problems of application and physicochemical properties of nitroxides are considered in the context of the choice of necessary radical structures, convenient precursors, and strategy of the synthesis. The book offers comparisons of the concrete classes of nitroxides to help reveal the structural peculiarities and synthetic abilities of compounds of different classes. It also summarizes data on the magneto-structural correlation for the metal complexes with 3-imidazoline nitroxides and considers the ways in which the molecular design of 2- and 3-dimensional heterospin compounds is capable of magnetic phase transfer in a ferromagnetic state. The book will be a significant reference for chemists, biochemists, spectroscopists, and other users of nitroxides, spin labels, probes, and paramagnetic ligands.

Quite possibly the first comprehensive text on galactomannans, Industrial Galactomannan Polysaccharides compiles information on their industrial uses in the form of gums including locust bean, guar, tara, fenugreek, cassia-tara, and Sesbania-bisipinasa varieties. The book describes how galactomannans are currently produced commercially and how they have become industrial commodities. It provides a simple and clear introduction to these vital substances, it compares their various sources. Highlights General chapters on carbohydrates, hydrocolloids and associated rheology, interactions of galactomannans, and derivatization of polysaccharides A brief history of each product gum, cultivation of the plant sources, seed, habitat, chemical structure, functional properties, manufacturing processes, and applications Special focus on the most representative galactomannans: guar and locust bean gums An in-depth compilation of industrial galactomannans information, this book is designed for the manufacturers, traders, and end users of galactomannans, as well as technologists in polysaccharides-related industries and scientists and academics interested in carbohydrates.

In order to assess the health and environmental effects of a chemical, you need to determine the exposure of the chemical to sensitive organisms as well as to assess the likely effects. The chemicals in Volume V of the Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals set are mostly solvents and cover many of the natural products and hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons being considered as replacements for harmful chlorinated solvents and chlorofluorocarbons. The chemicals are listed in alphabetical order by their most easily recognized names. A cumulative index allows you to look up each chemical by chemical name synonym, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number, and chemical formula. Like all of the volumes in the series, this new volume details how individual chemicals are released, transported, and degraded in the environment, as well as how they are exposed to humans and environmental organisms. Features oProvides useful information for hazardous waste cleanup oHelps you to make exposure assessments oProvides workplace exposure and ambient monitoring data as well as detection in foods oIncludes information on environmental persistence and transport oIncludes highly reliable data prepared by a well-known firm in environmental fate

This self-contained reference covers the chemistry, process chemistry, technology, engineering, and economics of methane conversion, including its environmental impact and commercial exploitation. Beginning with methane's availability and increasing importance as an environmentally acceptable natural resource alternative and feedstock, Methane and Its Derivatives elucidates derivative production by synthesis gas and methane conversion routes discusses methanol and ammonia synthesis, synthetic gasoline, and oxygenate fuels technologies presents data on critical, supercritical, and transport properties, chemical reactions and equilibria, and solubility introduces recent gas engineering techniques, from NOx and SOx removal, and membrane gas separation, to multiphase transport phenomena and cryogenic processes surveys contemporary analytical chemistry and trace component identification methodologies highlights current trends of petrochemical industries and much more

"Volume 25 introduces methods for the preparation of carbyne and addresses theoretical issues; discusses carbyne properties, spectroscopy, and chemical and crystal structure; explains the use of x-ray and neutron scattering for the structural evaluation of carbonaceous materials; and more."

Used in the production of a wide number of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction represents a synthetic process of great interest to organic chemists of academia and industry. Nearly 40 years since the last major treatise on the topic and reflecting the growing emphasis on green technology, Advances in Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reactions: Catalytic and Green Processes focuses on how to make this reaction more economically and environmentally friendly by using green acylating conditions, thus minimizing the formation of waste and decreasing production costs. Divided into four parts, the book explores stoichiometric acylations, catalytic homogeneous acylations, catalytic heterogeneous acylations, and phenol acylations. It is structured according to the role played by the catalyst in the activation of reagents as well as in the different modes of regioselectivity encountered in the acylation of arenes, aromatic ethers, and phenols. Incorporating examples of all acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions, the text considers classic Lewis and Broensted acid types along with more innovative and advanced multicomponent superacid catalysts. These range from rare earth triflates or triflimides and their combination with ionic liquids to metal-promoted zeolites and zeotypes, clays, polymetal oxides, sulfated zirconia, heteropoly acids, and Nafion. The book emphasizes the major industrial applications, providing a critical assessment of the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Helping readers to better understand the mechanism of the Friedel-Crafts acylation, the examples in the book substantiate the development of more effective catalysts and more selective processes achieved during the last few decades, enabling industry to embark on a safer and more efficient synthesis of aromatic ketones for the manufacture of a wide array of products.

Organozinc reagents are used extensively in organic synthesis to find useful pathways to organic products. Illustrated and tabulated with over 950 equations, schemes, tables, and figures, Organozinc Reagents in Organic Synthesis provides an overall picture of the chemistry of organozinc compounds. Written by a professor of organic chemistry, the book familiarizes the reader with the reactions involving organozinc reagents that have general usefulness in synthesis. Emphasis is placed on preparation methods and reactivity of organozinc reagents. Reactions are summarized in equations and schemes, making it easy for you to see the characteristics of each type of reaction.

Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicines: Translational Research on Botanicals brings together current thinking and practice in the characterization and validation of natural products. The book describes different approaches and techniques for evaluating the quality, safety and efficacy of herbal medicine, particularly methods to assess their activity and understand compounds responsible and their probable underlying mechanisms of action. This book brings together the views, expertise and experiences of scientific experts in the field of medicinal plant research, hence it will be useful for researcher who want to know more about the natural lead with their validation and also useful to exploit traditional medicines.

This handbook provides the theoretical and practical information necessary to explore new applications for Grignard reagents on a day-to-day basis, presenting a comprehensive overview of current research activities in Grignard chemistry. This book surveys specific reactions and applications of Grignard reagents, organized by type of substrate and the general category of reaction. It also summarizes the spectrum of reactions exhibited by Grignard reagents.

Shorter reaction times, higher product yields, and enhanced selectivity are some of the advantages microwave heating has over conventional methods, causing its use to transition from a curiosity to mainstream, both in industrial and academic settings. Microwave Heating as a Tool for Sustainable Chemistry showcases the application of microwave heating in a number of areas of preparative chemistry as well as in the biosciences. From organic chemistry to materials and biological applications The book begins with an introduction to microwave heating, the physical concepts behind it, its application in synthetic chemistry, and commercially available microwave equipment. It shows how microwave heating can be used to facilitate the clean and sustainable synthesis of organic compounds. The authors examine microwave heating as a tool for sustainable polymer chemistry, with discussions of the use of alternative solvents and feedstocks, the design of degradable polymeric materials, and recycling polymers. They then discuss the significant contribution made by microwave-promoted synthesis in the drug discovery process, with a focus on how the technology has been used to generate discovery chemistry libraries and as a tool for medicinal chemists. Other topics examined in this application-driven text include the use of microwave heating in the preparation of inorganic and organometallic compounds, in the production of inorganic materials, and in the area of biosciences. Academic and industrial settings The book examines the scale-up of microwave-promoted chemistry and describes the various approaches and the current commercially available microwave reactors available for scale-up. It also discusses microwave heating as a tool for teaching in the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory. It explores curriculum, the broad range of reactions that can be performed, and the incorporation of green chemistry principles. The author maintains a website with supplemental information.

In current materials R&D, high priority is given to surface modification techniques to achieve improved surface properties for specific applications requirements. Plasma treatment and polymerization are important technologies for this purpose.
This book provides a basic and thorough presentation of this subject. This is probably the first book to cover plasma treatment and polymerization for the purpose of surface modification. Chemistry, processes and applications are detailed. More than 150 figures include numerous schematics which illustrate the chemistry and processes. More than 100 tables and graphics provide useful reference data in convenient form.

This comprehensive text presents a critical discussion of the scopes and limitations of various organic synthetic methodologies that are available for performing asymmetric transformations. In addition to purely chemical methods, the book covers applications of new enzymes and other biological systems that are increasingly useful in asymmetric methodology.

This is the first of five books in the "Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Synthesis "series.

Closing a gap in the literature, this is the only series to cover this important topic in organic and biochemistry. Drawing upon the combined expertise of the international "who's who" in amino acid research, these volumes represent a real benchmark for amino acid chemistry, providing a comprehensive discussion of the occurrence, uses and applications of amino acids and, by extension, their polymeric forms, peptides and proteins.

The practical value of each volume is heightened by the inclusion of experimental procedures.

The 5 volumes cover the following topics:

Volume 1: Origins and Synthesis of Amino Acids

Volume 2: Modified Amino Acids, Organocatalysis and Enzymes

Volume 3: Building Blocks, Catalysis and Coupling Chemistry

Volume 4: Protection Reactions, Medicinal Chemistry, Combinatorial Synthesis

Volume 5: Analysis and Function of Amino Acids and Peptides

This first volume is clearly divided into two parts. The first section deals with the origins of extraterrestrial and "terrestrial" amino acids and their evolution. The second part looks at their production and synthesis, including recent developments in the synthesis of -Amino acids.

Originally planned as a six volume series, "Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry" now completes with five volumes but remains comprehensive in both scope and coverage.

Further information about the 5 Volume Set and purchasing details can be viewed here.

"Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control" is a sequel to Stuart Warren's bestseller "Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach," The 'Disconnection' book concentrated on the planning behind the synthesis of compounds.

The two themes of this new book are "strategy" and "control: " solving problems either by finding an alternative strategy or by controlling any established strategy to make it work.

The book is divided into five sections that deal with selectivity, carbon-carbon single bonds, carbon-carbon double bonds, stereochemistry and functional group strategy. Interpenetrating this structure, the 36 chapters start with classic methods and progress to modern methods and modern strategic considerations. Heterocyclic chemistry is treated throughout the book with full mechanistic explanations as part of organic chemistry rather than a separate mystery.

A comprehensive, practical account of the key concepts involved in synthesising compounds. Takes a mechanistic approach, which explains reactions and gives guidelines on how reactions might behave in different situations. Focuses on reactions that really work rather than those with limited application. Extensive, up-to-date references in each chapter.

Students and professional chemists familiar with "Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach" will enjoy the leap into a book designed for chemists at the coalface of organic synthesis.

The Alkaloids, Volume 89, the newest release in a series that has covered the topic for more than 60 years, discusses key aspects of alkaloid chemistry, biology and pharmacology. Sections in this release include chapters on Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids, The Biological Activities of Quinolizidine Alkaloids, and C NMR Spectral Data and Pharmacological Activities of Aporphine Alkaloids.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 113, the latest installment in this internationally acclaimed series, contains chapters authored by world-renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians and research scientists. The serial discusses the latest and most up-to-date technologies related to the field of clinical chemistry with sections in this release focusing on Biosensors for saliva biomarkers, Biochemistry and pathophysiology of the Transient Potential Receptor Vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) calcium channel, Protein Glycation in Diabetes Mellitus, Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Complications, Cortisol: Analytical and Clinical Determinants, and Hemophilia A: Emicizumab monitoring and impact on coagulation testing.

Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume 139, the latest release in this definitive series on the field of heterocyclic chemistry, combines descriptive synthetic chemistry and mechanistic insights to yield an understanding on how chemistry drives the preparation and useful properties of heterocyclic compounds. Topics in this new release include Application of the Fischer indole synthesis in medicinal chemistry, Oxindole Synthesis via C-H Activation Methods, Ring-Closing Metathesis in the Synthesis of Fused Indole Structures, Synthesis of fuller heterocycles, The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Part XX, 2020, and Heterocyclic Zwitterions Based on Coupled Polymethines.

Based on the papers and posters presented at the 15th Conference on Catalysis of Organic Reactions, this work covers developments in the study of catalysis as it relates to organic synthesis, emphasizing applications in industrial processes. Over 1000 bibliographic citations and over 250 tables, drawings, and photographs are provided. Theoretical and practical aspects of the field are highlighted.

This work presents a compilation of technical papers and poster synopses delivered at the 14th Conference on Catalysis of Organic Reactions. The book investigates current developments in the study of catalysis as it relates to organic synthesis, detailing industrial applications. It suggests cost-effective routes for the synthesis of valuable industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals.

Trace Elements in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues focuses on trace metal chemistry of coal and coal combustion residues. Special emphasis is placed on management of coal combustion residues in electric power plants and the influence of coal and associated residues on soils, plants, water, and animals. Topics covered include a brief summary of research sponsored by Electric Power Research Institute, environmental pollution from coal combustion plants in low-rainfall regions, accumulation of trace elements in freshwater mussels near a power plant, testing to evaluate fossil fuel wastes by chemicals and isotopes, transport of metals from coal piles and ash impoundments, leachability and toxicity of metals in fly ash, and plant absorption of chemicals from ash. The book will be a useful reference for environmental and reclamation consultants, environmental engineers, toxicologists, environmental regulatory personnel, officials with electric power utilities and water treatment plants, and soil scientists.

This 5-volume set allows you to assess the health and environmental effects of chemicals by determining the routes of exposure of the chemical to sensitive organisms. Environmental Fate and Exposure of Organic Chemicals provides relevant facts on how individual chemicals behave in the environment and how humans and environmental organisms are exposed to the chemicals during their production, rise, transport, and disposal.
Each chemical is prepared by one of the best-known organizations in environmental fate and exposure and is peer-reviewed by a panel of expert scientists. The information on each chemical includes all experimental values and references for physical properties, all chemical fate studies, and all available monitoring data and interpretative summaries.