Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquids discusses the intersection of nanotechnology with ionic liquids (ILs) and materials, along with opportunities for advanced engineering applications in various research fields. Novel materials at nano scales with ILs creates an upsurge in the thermal and electrochemical constancy of the nano scale particles, making them ideal for industrial applications. The implementation of ILs at nano scale includes an interaction of constituents, which is beneficial for electron transfer reactions. These new composites can be implemented as sensors, electronics, catalysts and photonics. Including ILs in polymer composites enhance electrochemical consistency, govern particle size, upsurge conductivity, reduce toxicity, and more. This book is a comprehensive reference for researchers working with IL based technologies for environmental and energy applications.

Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products.

Iodine-Assisted Synthesis of Six- and Seven-Membered Heterocycles covers both existing and the latest methods for the synthesis of various six- and seven-membered heterocycles using iodine. Covering an important and rapidly growing branch of heterocyclic chemistry, this book allows users easy access to the synthetic protocols for the synthesis of heterocycles, acting as a guide for how to make these important compounds employed as agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products, using particular reagents. This book will be of interest to students, pharmacologists, biochemists, and organic and medicinal chemists.

Marine Phenolic Compounds: Science and Engineering is a comprehensive resource on these secondary metabolites. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites with increasing scientific, commercial and general population interest for their wide distribution, variety and potential applications Less studied than terrestrial sources, marine organisms contain highly interesting phenolic compounds due to their exclusive structures. In addition, the distinctive features of the marine solid matrix, requires novel process technology approaches. The high productivity of marine biomass makes it a renewable source of valuable components with potential for commercial applications.

5-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis Using Iodine presents both old and new methods for the synthesis of various five-membered heterocycles using iodine, providing information for making specific compounds using particular reagents. Heterocyclic frameworks represent the main structural subunits of many biologically active compounds and natural products, and the ability of heterocycles to act both as reactive pharmacophores and biomimetics has greatly contributed to their unique value as traditional key elements of various drugs. Contemporary developments in process chemistry and discovery emphasize novel sustainable synthetic pathways as fast and ecologically acceptable alternatives to the traditional protocols. This book serves as a guide for students, pharmacologists, biochemists, organic and medicinal chemists, researchers, and academic professionals to obtain easy access to synthetic protocols for different five-membered heterocycles using iodine.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 112 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Heterogeneity in Major Depressive Disorder: The need for Biomarker-based and Personalized Treatments, Advances in exosome analysis, Translational Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics: Tissue to Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Checkpoint Therapy, Tumor Immunology, and Biomarkers in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Advances in Congestive Heart Failure Biomarkers, Fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease, and more.

Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry: Volume 34, the latest in this annual review series commissioned by the International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry (ISHC), contains both highlights of the previous year's literature on heterocyclic chemistry and articles on new developing topics of particular interest to heterocyclic chemists. Highlight chapters in Volume 34 are all written by leading researchers in their field, thus constituting a systematic survey of the important original material reported in the literature of heterocyclic chemistry in 2021. As with previous volumes in the series, Volume 34 will enable academic and industrial chemists and advanced students to keep abreast of developments in heterocyclic chemistry in a convenient way.

Role of Nutrigenomics in Modern-day Healthcare and Drug Discovery presents novel insights into how these tools can be applied in the study of nutrient-gene interaction for the management of certain disease conditions without using synthetic drugs or other treatments that come with side effects. Divided into three parts, Part I presents chapters that give background information of the subject while laying a framework for other chapters to follow. Part II presents chapters that discuss the role of nutrigenomics in healthcare, while Part III presents chapters that discuss the role of nutrigenomics in modern day drug discovery. Written by a global team of experts from key institutions around the world, this book is useful for drug developers, medicinal chemists, public health scientists, molecular biologists, biochemists, toxicologists and food scientists.

Plant Bioactives as Natural Panacea Against Age-induced Diseases: Nutraceuticals and Functional Lead Compounds for Drug Development presents comprehensive information on the complications of aging and the bioactive phytochemicals that in specific herbal formulations, including beverages, can mitigate them. The book extensively describes the current information on the role of plant bioactive components in delaying or preventing the aging process and associated complications, while also covering different strategies and scientific evidence of possible synergistic effects of these studies, enabling the formulation of more effective natural drugs to intervene in aging and associated events. Chapters cover the broad areas of plant bioactive compounds in promoting healthy aging and longevity, including balancing glucose homeostasis, in cognitive impairments, age-related diseases, food trends and the anti-aging diet in Asia and other regions, as well as the social and economic impact of dietary patterns in aging interventions. Written by a team of global experts.

Inorganic Chemistry in India, Volume 81, the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as Water Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction Reactions: A Mechanistic Perspective, Redox Activity as a Tool for Bond Activations and Functionalizations, Heme/Cu-oxygen Intermediates of Amyloid beta Peptides associated with Alzheimer's Disease, N-Heterocyclic Silylene Coordinated Coinage Metal Complexes: An Itinerary of Their Utilities, Implications of strongly coupled catecholate-based anchoring functionality of a sensitizer dye molecule towards photoinduced electron transfer dynamics, and more. Additional sections cover Application of Ru(edta) complexes in biomimetic activation of small molecules: Kinetic and Mechanistic Impact, and more.

Anti-Aging Pharmacology provides an overview of current research aimed at the pharmacological modulation of aging, including a discussion of the growing number of novel drug classes with promising anti-aging potential. The aging process is the main risk factor for all chronic diseases affecting the elderly. With lifespans extending across the globe, these chronic diseases are placing a larger burden on individuals and health care systems. Therefore, slowing down the aging rate could be more effective in delaying aging-associated chronic disorders than combating them one by one, which is the conventional approach in a current disease-based pharmacological paradigm. This book contains the work of the world's leading researchers in the field, including sections on the conceptual and methodological background of anti-aging pharmacology, the basic classes of anti-aging drugs, phytochemicals, outcomes of anti-aging developments and future directions. This book will be of interest to a wide audience, ranging from pharmacologists, medicinal chemists and academic researchers in gerontology, biomedical sciences and those in medical practice.

Special Volume in Memory of Hidetoshi Yamada, Part Two, Volume 82 in the Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Updates in this new release include Automated and/or Electrochemical Synthesis, In Vivo Chemistry, Pseudo-Glycoconjugates with C-Glycoside linkage, Boron-Mediated Aglycon Delivery (BMAD) for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2-cis Glycosides, and Conformationally Restricted Donors for Stereoselective Glycosylation.

Benzodiazepine-Based Drug Discovery covers benzodiazepines and benzothiazepines, which constitute two pivotal classes of heterocyclic compounds widely used as core structures of medicinal drugs for the treatment of depression, epilepsy, seizures and muscle spasms. 1,4-Benzodiazepine, 1,5-benzodiazepine, and 1,5-benzothiazepine are the most studied groups of benzodiazepines and benzothiazepines because of their outstanding potential biological activities. This book offers a broad range of recent developments and detailed coverage of the synthesis and biological activities of the drugs based on benzodiazepine and benzothiazepine matrixes, and is an ideal reference guide to researchers working in organic and medicinal chemistry. The importance of these privileged pharmacophores is not limited to the treatment of psychotic disorders because minor changes in the structures can generate various biological activities. They represent a wide range of therapeutic functions such as anticonvulsant, antianxiety, anti-depressant, antiviral, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-obesity, endothelin antagonist, cholecystokinin antagonist, and vasopressin receptor antagonist activities.

Biomedical Applications of Inorganic Photochemistry, Volume 80 in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Chapters in this new release include Photochemical bio-signaling with Ruthenium complexes, Adventures in the photo-uncaging of small molecule bioregulators, Challenges in medicinal inorganic chemistry and best practices to ensure rigor and reproducibility, Strategic Design of Photo-functional Transition Metal Complexes for Targeted Bioimaging and Therapy, Photoactive Manganese carbonyl Complexes with fac-{Mn(CO)3} Moiety: Design, Application, and Potential as Prodrugs in CO Therapy, Mitochondrial Targeting Metal Complexes, and more. Other chapters cover Photoactive Organometallic Compounds with Antimicrobial Properties, Photoactivated platinum anticancer complexes, New ruthenium phthalocyanines liposomal-encapsulated in modulation of nitric oxide and singlet oxygen release: Selectivity cytotoxicity effect on cancerous cell lines, Inorganic Nanoparticles Engineered for Light-Triggered Unconventional Therapies, Mechanistic insight into phot-activation of small inorganic molecules from the biomedical application perspectives, Ruthenium Complexes for Photoactivated Dual Activity: Drug Delivery and Singlet Oxygen Generation, and Leveraging the Photophysical Properties of Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes for Biomedical Applications.

Synthesis of Azetidines from Imines by Cycloaddition Reactions presents several methodologies for the synthesis of azetidines from imines by cycloaddition reactions. The azetidines, known as important contribution of science to humanity, are important organic compounds that have occupied a basic position in the pharmaceutical chemistry for over a hundred years because of their biological activities. They are the fundamental skeleton of several antibiotics, probiotics and alkaloids. The synthesis of azetidines is a constant challenge for medicinal chemists, hence this book comprehensively describes azetidine ring synthesis. With this book, readers will be able to quickly assess possible synthetic approaches and evaluate whether preparation of a four-membered nitrogen containing ring is reasonable.

Applications of Nanotechnology in Drug Discovery and Delivery, in the Drug Discovery Update series, presents complete coverage of the application of nanotechnology in the discovery of new drugs and efficient target delivery of drugs. The book highlights recent advances of nanotechnology applications in the biomedical sciences, starting with chapters that provide the basics of nanotechnology, nanoparticles and nanocarriers. Part II deals with the application of nanotechnology in drug discovery, with an emphasis on enhanced delivery of pharmaceutical products, with Part III discussing toxicological and safety issues arising from the use of nanomaterials. This book brings together a global team of experts, making it an essential resource for researchers, drug developers, medicinal chemists, toxicologists and analytical chemists.

Special Volume in Memory of Hidetoshi Yamada, Volume 81, Part One, the latest release in the Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as Automated and/or Electrochemical Synthesis, Chemical synthesis of sialoglyco-architectures, In Vivo Chemistry, Pseudo-Glycoconjugates with C-Glycoside linkage, Glycoproteins, Boron-Mediated Aglycon Delivery (BMAD) for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2-cis Glycosides, Conformationally Restricted Donors for Stereselective Glycosylation, Yamada's carbohydrate chemistry, Bacterial Glycolipid Essential for Membrane Protein Integration, and Hidetoshi Yamada: his journey in the carbohydrate world.

Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicines: Translational Research on Botanicals brings together current thinking and practice in the characterization and validation of natural products. The book describes different approaches and techniques for evaluating the quality, safety and efficacy of herbal medicine, particularly methods to assess their activity and understand compounds responsible and their probable underlying mechanisms of action. This book brings together the views, expertise and experiences of scientific experts in the field of medicinal plant research, hence it will be useful for researcher who want to know more about the natural lead with their validation and also useful to exploit traditional medicines.

Coronavirus Drug Discovery, Volume Three: Druggable Targets and In Silico Update presents comprehensive information on drug discovery against COVID-19. Chapters in Part One of this volume describe the various druggable targets and associated signaling pathways for effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2. In Part Two, chapters discuss the various computational approaches and in silico studies against SARS-CoV-2. Written by global team of experts, this book is an excellent resource that will be extremely useful to drug developers, medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical companies in R&D, research institutes in both academia and industry, and the National Library of Medicines and Health. In addition, agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, European Medicines Agency, the US Food and Drug Administration, and all others involved in drug discovery against COVID-19 will find this book useful.

Fused Pyrimidine-Based Drug Discovery covers all categories of fused-pyrimidines along with pharmacological and in silico studies. It covers the chemistry and biological activities, as well as the design of novel fused-pyrimidine scaffolds. N-Heterocyclic scaffolds are found in most known drug candidates, and are of interest to medicinal and organic chemists to design, synthesize and evaluate their biological properties. A variety of fused-pyrimidine molecules have been synthesized and extracted from natural resources, and are found to exhibit various biological activities such as antifolates, anticancer agents, analgesics, antimetabolites, CNS active agents and many more. Some of these scaffolds like purines are also known to have involvement in biological processes and are part of the framework of genetic material. This book focuses on the classification, structural chemistry, and chemical and physical properties along with various approaches for their synthesis. This book is ideal for researchers in organic chemistry both in academic and industrial settings, postgraduates in chemistry and medicinal chemistry.

Addition, Elimination and Substitution: Markovnikov, Hofmann, Zaitsev and Walden: Discovery and Development discusses foundational reactions in organic chemistry and their major protagonists, contributions to synthesis, and history. Hofmann, Zaitsev, and Markovnikov are introduced, along with their major discoveries and contributions to organic chemistry. The history of controversies around Markovnikov's Rule are addressed. The book introduces Walden's original demonstration of configuration inversion, then discusses bimolecular elimination reactions, regioselective addition reactions, regiospecific alkene synthesis, and the development of modern reactions with configuration inversion. With its unique perspective, focus, and comprehensive coverage, this book belongs on the shelf of every organic chemist.

Phytochemistry, Computational Tools and Databases in Drug Discovery presents the state-of-the-art in computational methods and techniques for drug discovery studies from medicinal plants. Various tools and databases for virtual screening and characterization of plant bioactive compounds and their subsequent predictions on biological targets for the discovery of new drugs against specific diseases are presented, along with computational tools for the prediction of the toxic effects of phytochemicals on living systems. The book also provides in-depth insight on the applications of these computational tools as well as the databases that describe the interactions of phytochemicals with diseases along with predictions for druggable bioactive compounds. Useful for drug developers, medicinal chemists, toxicologists, phytochemists, plant biochemists and analytical chemists, this book clearly presents the various computational techniques, tools and databases for phytochemical research.

Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products.

Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry, Volume 56 presents the latest reviews of recent work in physical organic chemistry. The book provides a valuable source of information that is ideal not only for physical organic chemists applying their expertise to both novel and traditional problems, but also for non-specialists across diverse areas who identify a physical organic component in their approach to research. Chapters due to be included in this release cover flavin-dependent enzyme catalysed reactions, coacervates and their properties, heavy atom tunnelling, machine learning, acidity and substituent effects.

Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD): From Ligand-Based Methods to Structure-Based Approaches outlines the basic theoretical principles, methodologies and applications of different fundamental and advanced CADD approaches and techniques. Including information on current protocols as well as recent developments in the computational methods, tools and techniques used for rational drug design, the book explains the fundamental aspects of CADD, combining this with a practical understanding of the various in silico approaches used in modern drug discovery processes to assess the field in a comprehensive and systematic manner. Providing up-to-date, information and guidance for scientists, researchers, students and teachers, the book helps readers address specific academic and research related problems using illustrative explanations, examples and case studies, which are systematically reviewed.