This 8-volume set provides a systematic description on 8,350 active marine natural products from 3,025 various kinds of marine organisms. The diversity of structures, biological resources and pharmacological activities are discussed in detail. Molecular structural classification system with 264 structural types are developed. The 6th volume illustrates the molecular formula and structures of aliphatic metabolites.

This 8-volume set provides a systematic description on 8,350 active marine natural products from 3,025 various kinds of marine organisms. The diversity of structures, biological resources and pharmacological activities are discussed in detail. Molecular structural classification system with 264 structural types are developed. The 4th volume continuously illustrates the molecular formula and structures of alkaloids.

This 8-volume set provides a systematic description on 8,350 active marine natural products from 3,025 various kinds of marine organisms. The diversity of structures, biological resources and pharmacological activities are discussed in detail. Molecular structural classification system with 264 structural types are developed as well. The 3rd volume mainly illustrates the molecular formula and structures of alkaloids. .

The mathematical fundamentals of molecular symmetry and group theory are comprehensibly described in this book. Applications are given in context of electronic and vibrational spectroscopy as well as chemical reactions following orbital symmetry rules. Exercises and examples compile and deepen the content in a lucid manner.

This first volume of the updated and extended 3rd edition of this work covers the basic chemistry and technology of oligo-polyol fabrication, the characteristics of the various oligo-polyol families and the effects of their structure on the properties of the resulting PU. This book is of interest to chemists and engineers in industry and academia as well as anyone working with polyols for the manufacture of PUs.

Volume 2 of the updated and extended 3rd edition of this work focuses on the chemistry and technology of rigid polyurethanes. Recent developments in obtaining polyols from renewable resources and the field of rigid polyurethanes have been included. This book is of interest to chemists and engineers in industry and academia as well as anyone working with polyols for the manufacture of PUs.

The 96th volume in this series for organic chemists in industry presents critical discussions of widely used organic reactions or particular phases of a reaction. The material is treated from a preparative viewpoint, with emphasis on limitations, interfering influences, effects of structure and the selection of experimental techniques. The work includes tables that contain all possible examples of the reaction under consideration. Detailed procedures illustrate the significant modifications of each method.

This is a practical guidebook about cyclopropanes that thoroughly surveys derivatives and transformations, synthetic methods, and experimental efficiency as a gateway for further research and development in the field. Provides comprehensive lists and synthetically-oriented synopses of cyclopropane chemistry review references along with publication data on applications in the syntheses of natural and related biologically active compounds Acts as a resource to help readers better understand cyclopropane applications for the efficient realization of synthetically important organic transformations and popular experimental procedures Includes new developments and up-to-date information that will lead to original methodologies for complex organic synthesis Stresses universality, flexibility, and experimental efficiency of a strategy based on preparing cyclopropane derivatives and performing ring cleavage reactions with inexpensive reagents Focuses on the synthetic potential of cyclopropane applications, for example the synthesis of natural compounds and other target-oriented syntheses via cyclopropane intermediaries, as well on their planning by retrosynthetic analysis

In this book, the author focuses on exploring new organocatalytic transformations under operationally simple and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Two new types of catalytic reactions promoted by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are described. The oxa- and azacycle-forming reactions of sulfonylalkynols and sulfonylalkynamides are broadly considered to be a new type of activation mode in NHC chemistry, wherein the bond formation with internal O- and N-nucleophiles occurs at the -position of the propargyl sulfones with 1,2-sulfonyl migration. The resulting oxa- and azacycles are core structures in many biologically significant compounds and medicinally important agents. In addition, the book develops the chiral NHC-catalyzed kinetic resolution of -hydroxy carboxylic acid derivatives based on chiral recognition of the substrate-cocatalyst complex. In this carboxylate cocatalyst-assisted chiral acylation, the reaction rate acceleration and selectivity enhancement are interpreted in terms of the reversible complexation of the substrate and carboxylate cocatalyst, which is verified by control experiments and measured using analytical methods. The findings described here reveal a promising new aspect of not only NHC catalysis but also identifying novel catalysis systems.

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true--organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. The fifth edition of Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics builds upon the principles previously explored in first half of the course--delving deeper into molecular mechanisms, reactions, and analytical techniques. Hands-on exercises and thoroughly-explained solutions further reinforce student comprehension of chemical concepts and organic principles. An indispensable supplement to the primary text, this resource covers aromatic compounds, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and much more.

Here, H.-G. Schmalz and T. Wirth have put together a collection of current contributions on the most important topics in organic chemistry all in one handy book. Like its successful predecessors, this volume provides readers with numerous articles on the current state of synthetic methods and their applications.
The wide range covered by nearly forty contributions ensures a concise overview of the latest developments in the field, whether they be new methods of C-C bond formation or racemization, asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis or stereoselective metathesis reactions, solid phase reactions or particularly elegant syntheses of challenging natural products.
Throughout, the highly renowned authors guarantee the exceptionally high quality of the articles, making this an indispensable read for everyone wanting to stay abreast of developments in organic chemistry.

Single-Use Technology (SUT) is the first comprehensive publication of practical considerations for each stage of the implementation process of SUT, and covers the selection, specification, design and qualification of systems to meet end-user requirements. Having become readily available for all processing operations within the biopharmaceutical industry, SUT has the potential to reduce capital costs, improve plant throughput and reduce the risk of cross-contamination. However, there are no clear guidelines to aid the end-user on implementation of these technologies into a validated, good manufacturing practice (GMP) environment. This book presents approaches for the implementation within various end-user facilities and systems, SUT within regulatory frameworks (ICH Q8, Q9, Q10 and GMP), standardisation and assessment strategies, specifation of user requirements and SUT design, risk assessment and evaluation as well as qualification for different SUT types.

This well-established textbook on biocatalysis provides a basis for undergraduate and graduate courses in modern organic chemistry, as well as a condensed introduction into this field. After a basic introduction into the use of biocatalysts-principles of stereoselective transformations, enzyme properties and kinetics-the different types of reactions are explained according to the 'reaction principle', such as hydrolysis, reduction, oxidation, C-C bond formation, etc. Special techniques, such as the use of enzymes in organic solvents, immobilization techniques, artificial enzymes and the design of cascade-reactions are treated in a separate section. A final chapter deals with the basic rules for the safe and practical handling of biocatalysts. The use of biocatalysts, employed either as isolated enzymes or whole microbial cells, offers a remarkable arsenal of highly selective transformations for state-of-the-art synthetic organic chemistry. Over the last two decades, this methodology has become an indispensable tool for asymmetric synthesis, not only at the academic level, but also on an industrial scale. In this 7th edition new topics have been introduced which include alcohol and amine oxidases, amine dehydrogenases, imine reductases, haloalkane dehalogenases, ATP-independent phosphorylation, Michael-additions and cascade reactions. This new edition also emphasizes the use of enzymes in industrial biotransformations with practical examples.

By tackling the most central ideas in chemistry, Why Chemical Reactions Happen provides the reader with all the tools and concepts needed to think like a chemist. The text takes a unified approach to the subject, avoiding the traditional divisions of physical, inorganic and organic chemistry and so helps the reader to develop a real overview of chemical processes.

Drawing on over 45 years of hands-on experience, the author provides in-depth knowledge of water-blown cellular polymers, from their chemistry to formulation and process methodology. This book describes the manufacture of standard and specialty foams using new and emerging technologies. The author gives advice on the challenges foam producers commonly face with regard to formulations and makes recommendations for machinery and equipment.

This book covers whole aspects of the sulfur isologues of amides. Starting from the synthetic methods of thioamides, a range of synthetic applications to the construction of carbon-sulfur and carbon-carbon bonds, to asymmetric reactions, to formation of heterocycles are described. Among the array of thiocarbonyl compounds, thioamides are readily handled in room temperature air. Some of their characteristic features are that the polarity of C=S bonds in thioamides is much smaller than C=O bonds in ordinary amides, that thioamides possess higher HOMO and lower LUMO when compared with those of ordinary amides, and that carbon atoms alpha to the C=S and nitrogen atoms in thioamides are more acidic than those in ordinary amides. Theoretical studies further disclose their features. Thioamides are also used as ligands to a wide variety of metals. Their unique photophysical properties and catalytic activities are described here. Characteristic features of biologically relevant thioamides, e.g., thiopeptides and related compounds, are the final focus of the book.

This book not only introduces the chemistry and physicochemical properties of phthalonitrile resins, but also describes strategies for crosslinking and structural modification. The authors explore blends and composites of phthalonitriles with other high-performance polymers and give an outlook on the future of the field.

From Boron Trifluoride to Zinc, the 52 most widely used reagents in organic synthesis are described in this unique desktop reference for every organic chemist. The list of reagents contains classics such as N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) and Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid side by side with recently developed ones like Pinacolborane and Tetra-n-propylammonium Perruthenate (TPAP). For each reagent, a concise article provides a brief description of all important reactions for which the reagent is being used, including yields and reaction conditions, an overview of the physical properties of the reagent, its storage conditions, safe handling, laboratory synthesis and purification methods. Advantages and disadvantages of the reagent compared to alternative synthesis methods are also discussed. Reagents have been hand-picked from among the 5000 reagents contained in EROS, the Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. Every organic chemist should be familiar with these key reagents that can make almost every reaction work.

Stickstoff besitzt unter Nichtkohlestoffatomen die einzigartige Fahigkeit, Ein-, Zwei- und Dreifachbindungen mit sich selbst zu bilden. Dadurch entsteht eine Vielzahl organo-chemischer Gruppen, die mehrere Stickstoffatome in verschiedenen Zustanden und Geometrien enthalten. Der vorliegende Band untersucht die Eigenschaften und das chemische Verhalten aller wichtigen kohlenstoffreichen organo-chemischen Gruppen wie Azide, Azimine, Aziridine, Diazoverbindungen, Nitramine, Nitrene, Nitrosamine, Polyazine-N-oxide, Tetrazole, Triazene und Triazole. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf oekonomisch wichtigen Verbindungen, die z. B. als hochwirksame Sprengstoffe zum Einsatz kommen. In der Reihe PATAI's Chemistry of Functional Groups erscheinen umfassende Untersuchungen zu allen Aspekten spezieller funktionaler Gruppen. Jeder Band bietet einen herausragenden UEberblick uber theoretische Aspekte und rechnergestutzte Verfahren, NMR, MS und weitere spektroskopische Methoden sowie uber die analytische Chemie, strukturelle Aspekte, Thermochemie, Fotochemie, synthetische Ansatze und Strategien, synthetische Anwendungsbereiche und Anwendungen in der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Industrie, biologische, biochemische und Umweltaspekte. Bis heute wurden in der Reihe nahezu 150 Bande veroeffentlicht.

The first contribution summarizes current trends in research on medicinal plants in Mexico with emphasis on work carried out at the authors' laboratories. The most relevant phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of a selected group of plants used widely for treating major national health problems are described. The second contribution provides a detailed survey of the so far reported literature data on the capacities of selected oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids and polyketides to trigger receptors, enzymes, and other types of cellular factors for which they exhibit a high degree of affinity and therefore evoke specifice responses. And the third contribution discusses aspects of endophytic actinobacterial biology and chemistry, including biosynthesis and total synthesis of secondary metabolites produced in culture. It also presents perspectives fo the future of microbial biodiscovery, with emphasis on the seondary metabolism of endophytic actinobacteria.

Selenium and Tellurium Reagents provides an in-depth overview of recent advances on the chemistry of these elements. Written by internationally recognized experts, it gives insight into the synthesis, structure, analysis and mechanistic studies of these compounds. The book is organized into four parts which reflect the applications of Se and Te reagents in four areas: inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, materials science and biochemistry.

In this book, the author provides expert analysis on naturally occurring iridoids, their chemistry and their distribution in plants and insects. Particular attention is given to the pharmacology of iridoids and their prospective applications in pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Iridoids are found in a wide variety of plants and some insects, and they are structurally derived from monoterpenoid natural products. In the first two chapters of this book, the author describes the iridoids classification, occurrence and distribution in plants and insects. The following chapters cover different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques that can be used to identify and quantify iridoids in herbal formulations, and also the biosynthesis of iridoids, in which the reader will discover a metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis to identify the genes involved in the biosynthesis. The final chapters provide insights on several pharmacological activities of iridoids, their physiological role in insects, pharmacokinetics in mammals, insects and microorganisms, and their applications in medicine and agriculture. This book will engage students and researchers interested in the chemistry of natural products, and it will also appeal to medicinal chemists and practitioners working in the design of new herbal drugs with bioactive pure iridoids.

This book describes the different elastomers utilized in tyre retreading. Among others, it discusses reinforcing fillers in terms of their efficacy, the use of bonding agents, and their relevance to the tyre retreading process. The authors give specific guidelines for the practical compounding of different rubber compounds to make retread. A practical approach is also taken to describing the manufacturing technology used in tyre retreading.

A unique approach to a core topic in organic chemistry presented by an experienced teacher to students and professionals Heterocyclic rings are present in the majority of known natural products, contributing to enormous structural diversity. In addition, they often possess significant biological activity. Medicinal chemists have embraced this last property in designing most of the small molecule drugs in use today. This book offers readers a fundamental understanding of the basics of heterocyclic chemistry and their occurrence in natural products such as amino acids, DNA, vitamins, and antibiotics. Based on class lectures that the author has developed over more than 40 years of teaching, it focuses on the chemistry of such heterocyclic substances and how they differ from carbocyclic systems. Introductory Heterocyclic Chemistry offers in-depth chapters covering naturally occurring heterocycles; properties of aromatic heterocycles; -deficient heterocycles; -excessive heterocycles; and ring transformations of heterocycles. It then offers an overview of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions before finishing up with a back-to-basics section on nitriles and amidines. Presents a conversational approach to a fundamental topic in organic chemistry teaching Offers a unique look at this core organic chemistry topic via important naturally occurring and/or biologically active heterocycles Based on the author's many years of class lectures for teaching at the undergraduate and graduate level as well as pharmaceutical-industry courses Clear, concise, and accessible for advanced students of chemistry to gain a fundamental understanding of the basics of heterocyclic chemistry Introductory Heterocyclic Chemistry is an excellent text for undergraduate and graduate students as well as chemists in industrial environments in chemistry, pharmacy, medicinal chemistry, and biology.

The series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field. All chapters from Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry are published Online First with an individual DOI. In references, Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry is abbreviated as Top Heterocycl Chem and cited as a journal.