This volume contains 108 full length papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Electric and Electronics (EEIC 2012), held on April 21-22 in Sanya, China, which brings together researchers working in many different areas of education and learning to foster international collaborations and exchange of new ideas. This volume can be divided into two sections on the basis of the classification of manuscripts considered: the first section deals with Electric and the second section with Electronics.

A spherical actuator is a novel electric device that can achieve 2/3-DOF rotational motions in a single joint with electric power input. It has advantages such as compact structure, low mass/moment of inertia, fast response and non-singularities within the workspace. It has promising applications in robotics, automobile, manufacturing, medicine and aerospace industry. This is the first monograph that introduces the research on spherical actuators systematically. It broadens the scope of actuators from conventional single-axis to multi-axis, which will help both beginners and researchers to enhance their knowledge on electromagnetic actuators. Generic analytic modeling methods for magnetic field and torque output are developed, which can be applied to the development of other electromagnetic actuators. A parametric design methodology that allows fast analysis and design of spherical actuators for various applications is proposed. A novel non-contact high-precision 3-DOF spherical motion sensing methodology is developed and evaluated with experiments, which shows that it can achieve one order of magnitude higher precision than conventional methods. The technologies of nondimensionalization and normalization are introduced into magnetic field analysis the first time, and a benchmark database is established for the reference of other researches on spherical actuators.

vii Part 1. ULTIMATE PHYSICAL LIMITS IN ELEcrRONIC CCM1UNICATION Breaking the Recursive Bottleneck Professor David G. Messerschmitt 3 Optimum Scales and Limits of Integration Professor Daniel V. McCaughan . . * . 21 On Ultimate Thermodynamic Limitations in Communication and canputation Professor Jerome Rothstein 43 Part 2. STATISTICAL, INFORMATIONAL, COMPUTATIONAL AND CRYPI'OGRAPHIC LIMITS On the Capacity of Peak Power Constrained Gaussian Channels Professor I. Bar-David *...***. 61 Complexity Issues for Public Key Cryptography Professor Ian F. Blake, Dr. Paul C. van Oorschot and Dr. Scott A. Vanstone . . *...*. *...75 Collaborative Coding for Optical Fibre Multi-User Channels Dr. P. Bridge . **. . ***...*. 99 What Happened with Knapsack Cryptographic Schemes? Professor Y. G. Desmedt . **...****. 113 Optical Logic for Computers Dr. Robert W. Keyes ...* 135 Limitations of Queueing Models in Communication Networks 143 Professor Anthony Ephremides . * * . . * * * * * . * Limits to Network Reliability Dr. GUnter G. Weber . *...1 55 Two Non-Standard Paradigms for Computation: Analog Machines and Cellular Automata Professor Kenneth Steiglitz ******** 173 The Capacity Region of the Binary Multiplying Channel - A Converse Professor J. Pieter M. Schalkwijk ...*. * 193 Recent Developments in Cryptography Dr. Fred Piper . * * * . * * * 207 vi The Role of Feedback in Communication Professor Thomas M. Cover * . * . . * 225 The Complexities of Information Transfer with Reference to a Genetic Code Model Mr. G. A. Karpel . . *...

The application of quantitative reliability evaluation in electric power sys tems has now evolved to the point at which most utilities use these techniques in one or more areas of their planning, design, and operation. Most of the techniques in use are based on analytical models and resulting analytical evaluation procedures. Improvements in and availability of high-speed digi tal computers have created the opportunity to analyze many of these prob lems using stochastic simulation methods and over the last decade there has been increased interest in and use made of Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative power system reliability assessment. Monte Carlo simulation is not a new concept and recorded applications have existed for at least 50 yr. However, localized high-speed computers with large-capacity storage have made Monte Carlo simulation an available and sometimes preferable option for many power system reliability applications. Monte Carlo simulation is also an integral part of a modern undergrad uate or graduate course on reliability evaluation of general engineering systems or specialized areas such as electric power systems. It is hoped that this textbook will help formalize the many existing applications of Monte Carlo simulation and assist in their integration in teaching programs. This book presents the basic concepts associated with Monte Carlo simulation."

What lies beyond the era of fossil fuels? While most answers focus on different primary energy resources, "Energy Systems in the Era of Energy Vectors" provides a completely new approach.

Instead of providing a traditional consumption analysis of classical primary energy resources such as oil, coal, nuclear power and gas, "Energy Systems in the Era of Energy Vectors" describes and assesses energy technologies, markets and future strategies, focusing on their capacity to produce, exchange, and use energy vectors. Special attention is given to the renewable energy resources available in different areas of the world and made exploitable by the integration of energy vectors in the global energy system.

Clear definitions of energy vectors and energy systems are used as the basis for a complete explanation and assessment of up-to-date, available technologies for energy resources, transport and storage systems, conversion and use. The energy vectors scheme allows the potential realization of a worldwide sustainable energy system to fulfill global development expectations by minimizing both the impact on the environment, and the international political frictions for access to limited and concentrated resources.

"Energy Systems in the Era of Energy Vectors" is an informative read for researchers and advanced students in industrial, energy and environmental engineering. It also contains valuable information for managers and technicians working in the energy sector.

High-Level Power Analysis and Optimization presents a comprehensive description of power analysis and optimization techniques at the higher (architecture and behavior) levels of the design hierarchy, which are often the levels that yield the most power savings. This book describes power estimation and optimization techniques for use during high-level (behavioral synthesis), as well as for designs expressed at the register-transfer or architecture level. High-Level Power Analysis and Optimization surveys the state-of-the-art research on the following topics: power estimation/macromodeling techniques for architecture-level designs, high-level power management techniques, and high-level synthesis optimizations for low power. High-Level Power Analysis and Optimization will be very useful reading for students, researchers, designers, design methodology developers, and EDA tool developers who are interested in low-power VLSI design or high-level design methodologies.

This book is about large-scale electronic circuits design driven by nanotechnology, where nanotechnology is broadly defined as building circuits using nanoscale devices that are either implemented with nanomaterials (e.g., nanotubes or nanowires) or following an unconventional method (e.g., FinFET or III/V compound-based devices). These nanoscale devices have significant potential to revolutionize the fabrication and integration of electronic systems and scale beyond the perceived scaling limitations of traditional CMOS. While innovations in nanotechnology originate at the individual device level, realizing the true impact of electronic systems demands that these device-level capabilities be translated into system-level benefits. This is the first book to focus on nanoscale circuits and their design issues, bridging the existing gap between nanodevice research and nanosystem design.

Provides coverage of Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) for cage induction motors This book is primarily for industrial engineers. It has 13 chapters and contains a unique data base of 50 industrial case histories on the application of MCSA to diagnose broken rotor bars or unacceptable levels of airgap eccentricity in cage induction motors with ratings from 127 kW (170 H.P.) up to 10,160 kW (13,620 H.P.). There are also unsuccessful case histories, which is another unique feature of the book. The case studies also illustrate the effects of mechanical load dynamics downstream of the motor on the interpretation of current signatures. A number of cases are presented where abnormal operation of the driven load was diagnosed. Chapter 13 presents a critical appraisal of MCSA including successes, failures and lessons learned via industrial case histories. * The case histories are presented in a step by step format, with predictions and outcomes supported by current spectra and photographic evidence to confirm a correct or incorrect diagnosis * The case histories are presented in detail so readers fully understand the diagnosis * The authors have 108 years of combined experience in the installation, maintenance, repair, design, manufacture, operation and condition monitoring of SCIMs * There are 10 questions at the end of chapters 1 to 12 and answers can be obtained via the publisher Current Signature Analysis for Condition Monitoring of Cage Induction Motors serves as a reference for professional engineers, head electricians and technicians working with induction motors. To obtain the solutions manual for this book, please send an email to [email protected]. William T. Thomson is Director and Consultant with EM Diagnostics Ltd, in Scotland. Prof. Thomson received a BSc (Hons) in Electrical Engineering in 1973 and an MSc in 1977 from the University of Strathclyde. He has published 72 papers on condition monitoring of induction motors in a variety of engineering journals such as IEEE Transactions (USA), IEE Proceedings (UK), and also at numerous International IEEE and IEE conferences. He is a senior member of the IEEE, a fellow of the IEE (IET) in the UK and a Chartered Professional Engineer registered in the UK. Ian Culbert was a Rotating Machines Specialist at Iris Power Qualitrol since April 2002 until his very untimely death on 8th September, 2015. At this company he provided consulting services to customers, assisted in product development, trained sales and field service staff and reviewed stator winding partial discharge reports. He has co-authored two books on electrical machine insulation design, evaluation, aging, testing and repair and was principal author of a number of Electric Power Research Institute reports on motor repair. Ian was a Registered Professional Engineer in the Province of Ontario, Canada and a Senior Member of IEEE.

This book paves the way for researchers working on the sustainable interdependent networks spread over the fields of computer science, electrical engineering, and smart infrastructures. It provides the readers with a comprehensive insight to understand an in-depth big picture of smart cities as a thorough example of interdependent large-scale networks in both theory and application aspects. The contributors specify the importance and position of the interdependent networks in the context of developing the sustainable smart cities and provide a comprehensive investigation of recently developed optimization methods for large-scale networks. There has been an emerging concern regarding the optimal operation of power and transportation networks. In the second volume of Sustainable Interdependent Networks book, we focus on the interdependencies of these two networks, optimization methods to deal with the computational complexity of them, and their role in future smart cities. We further investigate other networks, such as communication networks, that indirectly affect the operation of power and transportation networks. Our reliance on these networks as global platforms for sustainable development has led to the need for developing novel means to deal with arising issues. The considerable scale of such networks, due to the large number of buses in smart power grids and the increasing number of electric vehicles in transportation networks, brings a large variety of computational complexity and optimization challenges. Although the independent optimization of these networks lead to locally optimum operation points, there is an exigent need to move towards obtaining the globally-optimum operation point of such networks while satisfying the constraints of each network properly. The book is suitable for senior undergraduate students, graduate students interested in research in multidisciplinary areas related to future sustainable networks, and the researchers working in the related areas. It also covers the application of interdependent networks which makes it a perfect source of study for audience out of academia to obtain a general insight of interdependent networks.

This book represents a thoroughly comprehensive treatment of computational intelligence from an electrical power system engineer's perspective. Thorough, well-organised and up-to-date, it examines in some detail all the important aspects of this very exciting and rapidly emerging technology, including: expert systems, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms and hybrid systems. Written in a concise and flowing manner, by experts in the area of electrical power systems who have had many years of experience in the application of computational intelligence for solving many complex and onerous power system problems, this book is ideal for professional engineers and postgraduate students entering this exciting field. This book would also provide a good foundation for senior undergraduate students entering into their final year of study.

This extensively revised and expanded third edition of the Artech House bestseller, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, offers engineers the most up-to-date and definitive resource on this critical method for solving Maxwell's equations. The method helps practitioners design antennas, wireless communications devices, high-speed digital and microwave circuits, and integrated optical devices with unsurpassed efficiency. There has been considerable advancement in FDTD computational technology over the past few years, and the third edition brings professionals the very latest details with entirely new chapters on important techniques, major updates on key topics, and new discussions on emerging areas such as nanophotonics. What's more, to supplement the third edition, the authors have created a Web site with solutions to problems, downloadable graphics and videos, and updates, making this new edition the ideal textbook on the subject as well.

The extended and revised second edition of this successful monograph presents advanced modeling, analysis and control techniques of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). The book covers comprehensively a range of power-system control problems: from steady-state voltage and power flow control, to voltage and reactive power control, to voltage stability control, to small signal stability control using FACTS controllers.

In the six years since the first edition of the book has been published research on the FACTS has continued to flourish while renewable energy has developed into a mature and booming global green business. The second edition reflects the new developments in converter configuration, smart grid technologies, super power grid developments worldwide, new approaches for FACTS control design, new controllers for distribution system control, and power electronic controllers in wind generation operation and control. The latest trends of VSC-HVDC with multilevel architecture have been included and four completely new chapters have been added devoted to Multi-Agent Systems for Coordinated Control of FACTS-devices, Power System Stability Control using FACTS with Multiple Operating Points, Control of a Looping Device in a Distribution System, and Power Electronic Control for Wind Generation.

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The general concept of information is here, for the first time, defined mathematically by adding one single axiom to the probability theory. This Mathematical Theory of Information is explored in fourteen chapters: 1. Information can be measured in different units, in anything from bits to dollars. We will here argue that any measure is acceptable if it does not violate the Law of Diminishing Information. This law is supported by two independent arguments: one derived from the Bar-Hillel ideal receiver, the other is based on Shannon's noisy channel. The entropy in the 'classical information theory' is one of the measures conforming to the Law of Diminishing Information, but it has, however, properties such as being symmetric, which makes it unsuitable for some applications. The measure reliability is found to be a universal information measure. 2. For discrete and finite signals, the Law of Diminishing Information is defined mathematically, using probability theory and matrix algebra. 3. The Law of Diminishing Information is used as an axiom to derive essential properties of information. Byron's law: there is more information in a lie than in gibberish. Preservation: no information is lost in a reversible channel. Etc. The Mathematical Theory of Information supports colligation, i. e. the property to bind facts together making 'two plus two greater than four'. Colligation is a must when the information carries knowledge, or is a base for decisions. In such cases, reliability is always a useful information measure. Entropy does not allow colligation.

The book describes a method for modeling systems architecture, particularly of telecom networks and systems, although a large part can be used in a wider context. The method is called Sysnet Modeling and is based on a new modeling language, AML (Abstract systems Modeling Language), which is also described in the book. By applying Sysnet Modeling and AML, a formal model of the system is created. That model can be used for systems analysis as well as for communicating system knowledge to a broader audience of engineers in development projects. Inherent in sysnet modeling is the potential for considerable reduction in time spent on system implementation through the possibilities for code- and test-case generation.

Turbo Codes: Desirable and Designable introduces the basics of turbo codes in their different flavors (more specifically, parallel concatenated convolutional turbo codes and block turbo codes). Through the application of systemic design methodology that considers data transfer and storage as top priority candidates for optimization, the authors show how turbo codes can be implemented and the attractive performance results that can be achieved in throughput, latency and energy consumption. These solutions and results make turbo-codes close competitors to traditional coding scheme such as convolutional codes or algebraic codes.

Finally, a real-life prototype of parallel concatenated convolutional (turbo-) codes is presented. A complete turbo codes ASIC data-flow is described together with on-board power, speed and coding gain measurements that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

In racent years the LSI technology has witnessed a revoluti onary development, and allowed substantial reductions in the size and cost of digital logic circuitry. Computer system building blocks have progressed from the level of discrete components to the level of complex ICs involving many logic circuits on a single "chip." The invention and wide applica tions of microprocessors have changed the philosophy of the signal processing, measurement and control engineering fields. The microprocessor-based digital signal processing systems and controllers have replaced the conventional ones based on standard analog and digital computing equipment. The first microprocessors and "on-chip" computers have appeared towards the end of 71 beginning 72. Their evolution since then and the number of applications, in which they have been utilized, have both been extremely spectacular. New system concepts and hardware/software tools are steadily under development to sup port the microprocessor in its multiple and complex tasks. The goal of this book is to provide a cohesive and well-balan ced set of contributions dealing with important aspects and applications of microprocessors to signal processing, measu rement and system control. The majority of contributions in clude sufficient review material and present rather complete treatments of the respective topics."

The theory of finite fields is of central importance in engineering and computer science, because of its applications to error-correcting codes, cryptography, spread-spectrum communications, and digital signal processing. Though not inherently difficult, this subject is almost never taught in depth in mathematics courses, (and even when it is the emphasis is rarely on the practical aspect). Indeed, most students get a brief and superficial survey which is crammed into a course on error-correcting codes. It is the object of this text to remedy this situation by presenting a thorough introduction to the subject which is completely sound mathematically, yet emphasizes those aspects of the subject which have proved to be the most important for applications. This book is unique in several respects. Throughout, the emphasis is on fields of characteristic 2, the fields on which almost all applications are based. The importance of Euclid's algorithm is stressed early and often. Berlekamp's polynomial factoring algorithm is given a complete explanation. The book contains the first treatment of Berlekamp's 1982 bit-serial multiplication circuits, and concludes with a thorough discussion of the theory of m-sequences, which are widely used in communications systems of many kinds.

"Applications of Pulse-Coupled Neural Networks" explores the fields of image processing, including image filtering, image segmentation, image fusion, image coding, image retrieval, and biometric recognition, and the role of pulse-coupled neural networks in these fields. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, electronic engineering, and computer science. Prof. Yide Ma conducts research on intelligent information processing, biomedical image processing, and embedded system development at the School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.

This book introduces readers to two major sustainable applications of linear synchronous machines: wave energy conversion and magnetic levitation train technology. To do so, it begins with a state-of-the-art review of linear machines, covering induction and synchronous topologies and their applications, with a particular focus on sustainable applications. This is followed by an analysis of the electromagnetic modeling of linear synchronous machines, the goal being to investigate their main features, especially their force production capabilities.

The volume includes a set of selected papers extended and revised from the 2011 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation (3CA 2011). 2011 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation (3CA 2011) has been held in Zhuhai, China, November 19-20, 2011. This volume topics covered include signal and Image processing, speech and audio Processing, video processing and analysis, artificial intelligence, computing and intelligent systems, machine learning, sensor and neural networks, knowledge discovery and data mining, fuzzy mathematics and Applications, knowledge-based systems, hybrid systems modeling and design, risk analysis and management, system modeling and simulation. We hope that researchers, graduate students and other interested readers benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process.

Numbers, Information and Complexity is a collection of about 50 articles in honour of Rudolf Ahlswede. His main areas of research are represented in the three sections, `Numbers and Combinations', `Information Theory (Channels and Networks, Combinatorial and Algebraic Coding, Cryptology, with the related fields Data Compression, Entropy Theory, Symbolic Dynamics, Probability and Statistics)', and `Complexity'. Special attention was paid to the interplay between the fields. Surveys on topics of current interest are included as well as new research results. The book features surveys on Combinatorics about topics such as intersection theorems, which are not yet covered in textbooks, several contributions by leading experts in data compression, and relations to Natural Sciences are discussed.

Summarizes current recycling processes, challenges, and perspectives. Offers a comprehensive review of current commercialized LIB recycling companies. Showcases an innovative closed-loop hydrometallurgical recycling process to recycle lithium cathode materials. Provides detailed modelling and economic analysis of several hydrometallurgical recycling processes. Features practical cases and data developed by the authors.

The authors, writing with the experience and technological background of Electricite de France, an organisation at the forefront of simulation methods, provide a comprehensive and comprehensible treatment of the modelling and simulation techniques currently in use. The text emphasises model design applied to power plants producing energy, generators and motors carrying out energy transformations and networks transmitting energy. The systems are analysed considering each process, from steady state to fast transients, with detailed explanation of the problem to be solved, the choice of models and methods for optimising efficiency. Many examples and references are provided. The book is essential reading for anyone involved in power system engineering, from practising design and development engineers to researchers and postgraduate and advanced graduate students.