Energy costs are a large portion of the operational budget for water and wastewater utilities, second only to staffing. This handbook provides information and insight into energy management strategies that can reduce operational costs, increase operational efficiencies, and develop a more sustainable infrastructure. Following the popular plan-do-act-check framework, this book provides an overview of key steps in developing and implementing an energy management program. The importance of establishing an energy team, benchmarking energy use, performing audits, and using economic analysis tools to prioritize is discussed. The authors also summarize the wide variety of management measures that can be used to reduce energy use and associated costs, including operational improvements, water efficiency strategies, and asset management programs. Paying particular attention to pumping, the book describes how motor assessment and maintenance can improve energy efficiency. Renewable energy options--solar, wind, and microhydro technologies-are discussed as are external funding sources and innovative financing methods including energy performance contracting and leasing options.

This handbook describes the application, design, operation, control, and optimization of ozone facilities in drinking water treatment plants.For utilties that either use ozone or are considering its use, this book is a total resource for information about ozone water treatment systems. The book explains why and how ozone is currently being used and presents important design, operation, and maintenance considerations. For laboratories and researchers that are involved with bench- or pilot-testing, the book describes how ozone is used in full-scale installations and describes scale-up issues.Regulatory agencies responsible for enforcement, design review, and inspections of plants that use ozone also will find this book helpful.. The book explains the theory and practice of ozone operation and how ozone disinfection performance is measured, calculated, reported, and optimized.

In this brief, a comprehensive review of the UV/visible-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation process is presented with an insight into the mechanisms involved, the role of titanium dioxide as a catalyst, irradiation sources, types of reactors, and a comparison between various modes of TiO2 application. An overview of the development and enhancement of the activity of TiO2 nanoparticles in photocatalysis is presented. The topics covered include a detailed look at the unique properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles and their relationship to photocatalytic properties. The utilization of the TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalysts, in the non-doped and doped forms is also reviewed. Finally, the use of modified TiO2 nanoparticles has made a significant contribution in providing definitive mechanistic information regarding the visible light photocatalytic processes.

The presence of iron and manganese in drinking water are generally not hazardous to health. However, there are few things are more alarming to customers than seeing red water or black water come out of their faucets. This book offers an analysis of current and emerging methods for iron and manganese removal as well as guidance for handling residuals. Using firsthand field experience and detailed case studies, the authors explain the processes to follow.In this new edition, more detail is devoted to the selection and design of the treatment process and to minimizing the use of vendor-engineered packages that have become so common throughout the industry. Unit processes are described and calculations are provided so that the reader can understand the impacts of changes to the design components. This edition also attempts to address the question of why decisions are made and standards followed.John Civardi and Mark Tompeck have donated their royalties from the sale of this book to the Hatch Mott MacDonald Endowed Scholarship at the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

Incidents in the past have made scientists aware of the need for accurate methods of radionuclide analyses in order to estimate the risk to the public from released radioactivity. This book is an authoritative, up-to-date collection of research contributions presented at the 12th International Symposium on Environmental Radiochemical Analysis. Representing the work of leading scientists from across the globe it presents information on radiochemical analysis, measurement of radioactivity, naturally occurring radioactive materials, radioactively contaminated land, fate of radionuclides in natural and engineered environments and behaviour and analysis of radionuclides in radioactive wastes. This essential work will be a key reference for graduates and professionals who work across fields involving analytical chemistry, environmental science and technology, and waste disposal.

"Biology of the Wetlands" discusses the characteristics and significance of the single- and multi-celled organisms found in wastewater treatment plants and the conditions that support their growth. This knowledge helps operators to make more informed process control decisions. Unlike typical texts written for design and consulting engineers and full of technical jargon, equations, and kinetics, this guide provides the necessary information in a format that is accessible and actionable for plant operators and technicians and helpful to others involved in wastewater treatment.

The fundamental objective of wastewater treatment is to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the wastewater to such a degree that safe discharge to a receiving water, either surface water or groundwater, can be accomplished. Achieving that goal requires the application of several fundamental principles of engineering. Among those are chemistry, biology, hydraulics, fluid mechanics and mathematics of varying types. This book provides a synopsis of the basic fundamentals of those disciplines, as well as an outline of the use of those principles to solve specific wastewater engineering problems. This is the second in a series of volumes designed to assist with mastering the principles of environmental engineering. Inside this volume, the author addresses the process of wastewater treatment; not the mechanics or the machinery and reactors used to do the work. No amount of machinery and reactor vessels will ever treat wastewater effectively unless the process of using the equipment is properly developed first and properly utilized afterwards. A separate volume will address new and emerging technologies, updated regularly to cover those changes to the practice of wastewater treatment.

Good financial management is critical for the successful operation of both private and governmental water utilities. This book provides a complete information resource on sound financial and accounting practices and procedures for water utilities.Intended for financial staff, managers, and executives of water utilities, the book covers these topics and more:Water utility managementFunctions of financial managementStandardized methods of accounting and reportingDeveloping projectionsBudgetingRates and revenuesO & M expensesAssets and liabilitiesTaxesCapital improvement planning and financingInternal controls and auditsThe included electronic Appendices, which will be delivered to your My Downloads, provide valuable support materials, including the complete NARUC UniformSystem of Accounts for Class A Water Utilities, and sample annual reports, interim financial reports, 10-K filing, and policy statements.

Safe drinking water is essential to human life. Ensuring Safe Drinking Water: Learning From Frontline Experience with Contamination provides those who carry responsibility for ensuring safe drinking water an opportunity to learn from the experiences of others. This book presents 21 case studies-10 waterborne disease outbreaks, 7 cases of severe chemical contamination, and 4 close calls-written largely from the perspective of frontline personnel who experienced the events as they unfolded. For each case, distinguished authors Steve E. Hrudey and Elizabeth J. Hrudey have provided background, operational details, illustrations, questions to ponder, lessons learned, and more, to allow professionals to imagine themselves in these circumstances and see how these experiences can help them in ensuring the safety of their own systems. Ensuring Safe Drinking Water is essential reading for operators, supervisors, foremen, managers, administrative officers, commissioners, councilors, local officials, utility board members, regulators, and public health agency personnel. Accessible and urgent, the book is intended to spark discussion and exchange. Its true-life stories of how things can go wrong lay out what's at stake in the crucial work that water professionals perform every day.

Resolving customer water quality complaints is one of the most important aspects of maintaining a successful water distribution system. Complaint investigation involves not just professional water quality proficiency, but also customer relationship skills. The Water Quality Complaint Investigators Guide covers 90% of the most common complaints from consumers. This revised edition focuses on operational practices and includes two entirely new chapters that address regulatory issues and operational practices to reduce water quality complaints. You will learn: How to avoid complaints How to deal with existing problems Most common complaints and their most common fixes Concrete information on how to deal with customers How to get to the root of the problem before having to go out to the site, which saves time and money The information in this book is of value to those learning how to investigate water quality complaints to veterans who may be facing new complaint situations, as well as the people who supervise them, laboratory technicians and customer service representatives."

"Combustion Ash and Residue Management" assists owners and operators of Coal-fired and Resource Recovery Power Plants. By applying the principles and reviewing the case studies examples described within this book, accidents and upsets can be avoided and regulatory permitting can be achieved - reducing costs.

This unique book is an essential reference for anybody responsible for disposal or utilization of combustion residues. It reflects over 30 years of engineering practice, applying the principles of concrete chemistry and civil engineering/soil mechanics as confirmed by field data. Dr. Richard Goodwin assesses the composition and environmental impact of combustion residues, and provides not only best practices for safe disposal, but also a blueprint for effective reuse, including applications like structural fill, grout, and capping material.

Case studies and cost information for ash disposal options are included, in addition to the lessons learned by high-profile failures, such as the TVA Kingston fossil plant coal fly ash slurry spill in 2008. It also applies engineering principles to discuss how to avoid future upsets, including better operator training and monitoring methods.
A comprehensive update to reflect changes in legislation and practice, including new material on the safe disposal or beneficial use of coal ashA straightforward engineering approach, providing practical guidance and field dataWritten by an established expert in the field

Lavishly illustrated with 98 full-color figures, this book describes waterborne microorganisms-bacteria, viruses, protists, and others-of concern to water operators, as well as techniques for isolation and detection, chemistry, and disinfection. This third edition includes new sections on advancing microbiology laboratories and effective data communication, color drawings to accompany genera descriptions, 30 additional photographs, and a new appendix on decontamination of new mains.

Specially designed for in-the-field use, this comprehensive yet compact book will pay for itself over and over in the time you save looking for chemical and mathematic formulas, chemical feed rates, US/metric conversions, pipe and equipment data, operational parameters, construction and installation information, OSHA and USEPA regulations, and much more. More than 20 tables have been updated from the 2004 edition, to reflect information in current AWWA standards and manuals in this new edition. Many example calculations were converted to a more understandable format. Information has also been added on drought, emergency disinfection, membranes, nitrification, fluoridation, external corrosion, backflow prevention, PE pipe, fire flow requirements, sizing service lines and meters, and water audits and loss control, and more. Included is a CD with the checklists which can be printed multiple times along with color photos of the related signage. (Replaces ISBN 9781583213155)

As featured on the PBS series "How We Got to Now" Perhaps no other advancement of public health has been as significant. Yet, few know the intriguing story of a simple idea-disinfecting public water systems with chlorine-that in just 100 years has saved more lives than any other single health development in human history. At the turn of the 20th century, most scientists and doctors called the addition of chloride of lime, a poisonous chemical, to public water supplies not only a preposterous idea but also an illegal act - until a courageous physician, Dr. John L. Leal, working with George W. Fuller, the era's greatest sanitary engineer, proved it could be done safely and effectively on a large scale. This is the first book to tell the incredible true story of the first use of chlorine to disinfect a city water supply, in Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1908. This important book also corrects misinformation long-held in the historical record about who was responsible for this momentous event, giving overdue recognition to the true hero of the story-an unflagging champion of public health, Dr. John L. Leal. Download excerpt

AWWA's most popular handbook for distribution operator personnel is an indispensable reference for operators and supervisors alike on water distribution system operation and equipment. This fourth edition is based on the operator certification knowledge requirements included in the Associated Boards of Certification (ABC) Need-To-Know criteria, as well as that of several state certification boards (e.g. California, Pennsylvania, and Texas).What's new?Several new chapters cover topics that have emerged since the publication of the last edition, and others, including the regulatory overview chapter, were revised extensively. New chapters describe the management approach to distribution system operation and the operational practices operators can use to improve system performance. The disinfection of pipelines and storage facilities is now included as its own chapter.And the math calculations that distribution system operators need to know are included as concrete examples of what operators need to know.Additional coverage includes the types of water pipes, installation practices, excavation, pipe flushing and rehabilitation, storage tanks, water wells, pumps, motors, hydrants, meters, valves, corrosion prevention, leak detection, instrumentation and control, maps, records, and maintenance.In addition, the book covers basic hydraulic concepts, health issues, and maintaining water quality in the distribution system. Many cutaway illustrations, new equipment photos, metric conversions, formulas, and equations make it an ideal day-to-day reference.

Troubleshooting granular filters can take hours and frustrate even the most experienced water operators. Find and solve filter problems fast with this handbook. Authored by a filter designer and consultant who holds several patents in filtration, this book has all the information needed to troubleshoot granular media filters, understand how they work, and maintain optimum filter performance.Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Driving Head3. Plenum/Flume Hydraulics4. Filter Support Gravel5. Filter Media6. Underdrain7. Optimizing Backwash8. Filter Controls9. Gravity Filter Troubleshooting Procedures10. Pressure Filters11. Filter Maintenance12. SummaryAppendix: Water Treatment Chemistry and Jar Testing ProceduresAppendix: Troubleshooting ChecklistsAppendix: Historical Records

NRC's Offices of Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES) and Federal and State Materials and Environmental Management Programs (FSME) organized this Workshop on Engineered Barrier Performance Related to Low-Level Radioactive Waste, Decommissioning, and Uranium Mill Tailings Facilities. The workshop was held August 3-5, 2010 at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Headquarters Auditorium, 11545 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland. The Workshop was coordinated with the States (i.e., Texas, South Carolina, Utah, Colorado, Washington, and New York), Tribal Nations (Navajo, Umatilla and Nez Perce), and Federal agencies (e.g., U.S. Department of Energy DOE], U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA], U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service USDA/ARS], U.S. Geological Survey USGS], and DOE National Laboratories). The workshop technical topics focused on engineered surface covers and bottom liners designed to isolate waste by impeding surface-water infiltration into the waste systems and mitigating the migration of contaminants from the waste disposal site. Topics included engineered barrier performance, modeling, monitoring, and regulatory experiences at low-level radioactive waste, decommissioning, and uranium mill tailings sites. The workshop objectives included: (1) facilitation of communication among Federal and State staff and contractors and selected experts on current engineered barrier issues and technical and regulatory experiences; (2) discussion of lessons learned and approaches for monitoring and modeling; (3) preparation of recommendations to address maintenance of engineered barrier performance over time; and (4) identification of topics for future research and the potential need to update technical guidance. Recommendations and insights given during session presentations, panel debates, and the discussions that followed were documented by the session reporters and are included in this report.

Although every water utility knows how to repair water main breaks, some utilities are better at managing main breaks to minimize both disruptions to the public and lost consumer confidence in the utility. How can a water utility "manage" something as unknowable as when and where water main breaks will happen? Can the negative impacts of main breaks be mitigated? Preparation is vitalManaging Water Main Breaks Field Guide will help water utilities to better prepare for pipeline breaks. Utilities should be proactive, rather than reactive. Becoming proactive will reduce the number of main breaks, as well as the negative impacts to the community. This concise book will help you prepare by telling you * kinds of breaks and their causes* where main breaks are most likely to occur* how to respond quickly or in a timely manner* how to identify and locate leaks and breaks* how to maintain safety at repair sites* how to mitigate impacts on the utility, on customers, and on other utilities* how to make repairs efficiently and expertly* when to replace a pipe rather than repair it* how to notify all those affected and keep them informed during repairs* how to record main-break informationMoreManaging Water Main Breaks Field Guide includes excerpts from related AWWA books, manuals of practice, and periodicals. These provide additional useful information about corrosion, water pressure, leak detection, repair costs, and other related topics. Numerous photos illustrate types, causes, and impacts of main breaks. Each chapter concludes with a "Questions to Consider," section - a series of questions to help the reader to evaluate specific processes, issues, or programs. These questions will help utilities provide best-in-class service.

Now, every water treatment operator can identify and correct treatment deficiencies to maintain the desired water quality. Water Treatment Process Monitoring & Evaluation shows how.A basic part of the water treatment plant operator's job is to identify process problems, evaluate the causes, and develop effective solutions. This handbook will help you accomplish these essential duties.This book provides operators with the information needed to troubleshoot treatment problems, evaluate operational variations (such as the changes in treatment efficiency due to changes in the raw water), and make corresponding water chemistry or other process changes to maintain the desired water quality. Additionally, Water Treatment Process Monitoring & Evaluation covers fundamentals that all operators should know, including process design, computerized and manual controls, chemical feeders, monitoring instruments, response and detention times, and record keeping.Case histories, plentiful graphic illustrations, and a rich assortment of appendix material augment the text.

This book covers in detail programs and technologies for converting traditionally landfilled solid wastes into energy through waste-to-energy projects