This Tutorial Text provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject of contamination control, with specific applications to the aerospace industry. The author draws upon his many years as a practicing contamination control engineer, researcher, and teacher. The book examines methods to quantify the cleanliness level required by various contamination-sensitive surfaces and to predict the end-of-life contamination level for those surfaces, and it identifies contamination control techniques required to ensure mission success.

Drinking water quality can degrade as the water travels through the distribution system. This book describes causes of water-quality degradation in the distribution system and provides solutions to all common water quality problems.Information is organized into nine sections: 1. Introduction -- Five critical steps to achieving and maintaining distribution system water quality 2. Microbiological Issues -- Control of biofilm growth and eliminating pathogens in the distribution system 3. Chemical & Physical Issues -- Maintain disinfectant residuals and reduce disinfectant by-products. 4. Chloramine Conversion Issues -- Gain the benefits of chloramines as a residual disinfectant, while controlling nitrification and taste-and-odor problems. 5. Corrosion Control -- Minimize or eliminate the effects of pipeline corrosion on water quality. 6. Rapid or Real-Time Monitoring -- Optimize distribution system operation and water quality, even as conditions change. 7. Operational Practices -- Distribution system operation strategies that will assure pristine water quality all the way to customers' taps. 8. Flushing to Maintain Water Quality -- Flushing practices to preserve water quality. 9. Water Quality Computer Modeling (Computer-Aided Network Analysis) -- Accuratly predict changes in delivered water quality caused by changes in treatment or distribution operations.

Solid waste has become a major consequence of development and modernization, yet some of the greatest challenges to its management are felt most keenly in the developing countries. This is part of the larger paradox of development; namely, that factors that create the most intransigent problems currently facing the developing countries are invariably those which derive from development itself.Introduction This volume presents a collection of papers which, with perspectives from Africa and the Caribbean, raise critical issues in the management of solid waste. It is intended to offer a basis for discussion among the wide range of disciplines and sectors involved in solid waste management and suggest directions for future work both in the theoretical and practical dimensions of the challenge with which developing countries are confronted.

Water Conservation and Wastewater Treatment in BRICS Nations: Technologies, Challenges, Strategies, and Policies addresses issues of water resources-including combined sewer system overflows-assessing effects on water quality standards and protecting surface and sub-surface potable water from the intrusion of saline water due to sea level rise. The book's chapters incorporate both policies and practical aspects and serve as baseline information for future adaption plans in BRICS nations. Users will find detailed important information that is ideal for policymakers, water management specialists, BRICS nation undergraduate or university students, teachers and researchers.

A guide to the extraction, isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from agricultural wastes, and their applications Recovering Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural Wastes offers a guide to the many uses of agricultural wastes from the production of major food types including tea, coffee, cacao, cashew, fruit and vegetables, wine, edible oils, sugar, starch and more. Written by a noted expert in the field, the text explores the various methods for extraction, isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from agricultural wastes. The author also makes recommendations concerning the most effective applications of bioactive compounds and discusses the economics and market for recovered bioactive compounds. Recent studies reveal that bioactive compounds have been directly linked to biological activity such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-cardiovascular capacities, etc. In particular, agricultural wastes are considered as potential and inexpensive sources of bioactive compounds. Recovering Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural Wastes fills a gap in the literature by providing a text that explores this important topic and examines the: * Sustainability of waste management and shows how to extract, isolate and purify bioactive compounds from agricultural wastes, and their most effective application * Wide range of agricultural food produce that can be processed and the special techniques used for recovering the bioactive compounds from these sources * Health applications of bioactive compounds that have been directly linked to pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anticancer, and more Designed for use by researchers and producers in the agriculture, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, Recovering Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural Wastes contains the knowledge, history and definition, classification and synthesis, and extraction techniques of bioactive compounds.

One of the physical costs of our society's breakneck consumption, sprawl, and technological innovation and production is the increasing amount of terrain relegated to accommodating the resulting waste and wasted space. These "marginal landscapes" can be divided into four distinct categories: sinks; ruins or abandoned land; toxic or damaged land; and waste landscapes. Although Professor Engler discusses all four types, she is concerned mostly with waste landscapes - "landfills, recycling and waste transfer centers, and sewage treatment plants," as she addresses two distinct aspects of waste landscapes: 1) the historic and cultural context of waste, and 2) the professional planning practices and aesthetic concerns of those who deal with waste and its landscapes. Ultimately, Professor Engler seeks to change our ideas about waste places through her discussion of how landscape design can function within the scientific and technological parameters of safety and environmental concerns to make waste places more central to our thinking and perception. In so doing, she reviews the physical evolution of waste sites, and scrutinizes perceptions and representations of these landscapes, and grounds her ideas in critiques of what environmental designers and artists have done recently with waste places to change public perceptions. Designing America's Waste Landscapes is a pioneering and original work that will appeal to professional planners and landscape designers, and students and scholars in landscape design and planning, environmental studies, urban studies, cultural geography, and even the history of technology.

The first comprehensive guide to managing the entire solid waste cycle.

Combining integrated solid waste management (ISWM) with the traditional coverage of landfill design, construction, and monitoring, this new edition of Amalendu Bagchi's classic guide is in response to the growing need for a comprehensive approach toward managing solid waste--from collection to recycling to eventual disposal.

This far-reaching guide provides professionals of various disciplines with fast, easy access to authoritative information on source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, contaminated soil remediation, incineration, and medical waste management. It also presents the latest developments on bioreactor landfills, wetland mitigation, remediation of landfills, waste management-related health and safety, and financial issues affecting the industry.

Topics covered in this "Third Edition" include: The role of geotechnical engineering in a variety of environmental issues Planning, marketing, and quality con trol for reuse and recycling facilities Health, safety, and economic issues related to composting Risk assessment of contaminated lands Leachate and gas generation in landfills Microbiology of landfills And much more

Supplemented with hundreds of helpful drawing, tables, and photos, "Design of Landfills and Integrated Solid Waste Management, Third Edition" is an indispensable resource for environmental engineers, hydrogeologists, and landfill operators and owners. It is also an excellent text for environmental science and engineering courses related to waste management.

This book provides an overview of biodegradation. The first chapter provides a detailed description on the ability of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M to act as a biological tool to remediate phenol, chlorinated compounds, nitrile, oil spillage and cyanide which selection was primarily based on their large-scale presence in industrial wastewater. Chapter Two presents advances made in recent decades on the understanding of the metabolic capabilities of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) from marine and other types of sediment (i.e., freshwater, estuarine) for the biotransformation of carbon compounds and sulfate that are present as pollutants in several types of waters and soils. Chapter Three concentrates on the different parameters that influence biodegradation speed and energy release potential. Chapter Four reports and discusses several examples on biodegradation with bacteria and fungi of organochlorides, organophosphates, and more recently of pyrethroid pesticides. Chapter Five discusses heavy metals as biodegradation inhibitors of the forest litter in contaminated areas. Chapter Six introduces ecologically feasible ways of treating environments contaminated by BTEX (a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) based on efficient microbial metabolism.

Water pollution occurs when toxic pollutants of varying kinds (organic, inorganic, radioactive and so on) are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove such potential pollutants. Today's sources of these potential pollutants, which cause high deterioration of freshwater quality, are city sewage and industrial waste discharge, human agricultural practices, industrial waste disposal practices, mining activities, civil and structural work activities and obviously natural contamination with climate change. When our water is polluted, it is not only devastating to the environment but also to human health. Therefore, development of water and wastewater treatment processes to alleviate water pollution has been a challenging and demanding task for engineers, scientists and researchers. Perhaps this is even more challenging for underdeveloped and developing countries, where water and wastewater treatment facilities, knowledge and infrastructure are limited. Water and wastewater treatment processes are broad and often multidisciplinary in nature, comprising a mixture of research areas including physical, chemical and biological methods to remove or transform various potential pollutants. This is in hopes to achieve acceptable water quality and satisfy governmental and environmental protection agencies' laws and regulations. With these objectives, this book has been written in order to provide various research results and compilation and up-to-date development on the current states of knowledge and techniques in the broad field of water and wastewater treatment processes. Basically, this book will give a comprehensive understanding and advancement and application of various physical, chemical and biological treatment methods in the reduction of potential pollutants (inorganics/organics) from water and wastewater. There are a total 18 book chapters contributed by large number of expert authors around the world, covering the following main research areas: Physical, chemical and biological water treatment processes such as adsorption, biosorption, coagulation/flocculation, electrocoagulation, denitration, membrane filtration/separation, photo-catalytic reduction, advanced oxidation, nutrients removal by struvite crystallisation and nanotechnology; Physical, chemical and biological methods for municipal wastewater and industrial wastewater treatment plants such as primary-secondary sludge treatments, anaerobic digestions, aerobic treatment, activated sludge processes, dewaterability by flocculants, pre-treatments of sludge and rheology of sludge in wastewater treatment; Various operational units/equipment and process control of wastewater treatment plant.

A sustainable feedstock supply is one of the primordial issues for the transition towards the bio-based economy. Therefore, the resource base needs to be identified from the perspective of supply and demand. The exploitable biomass is of a highly heterogeneous origin, either derived from specially grown crops or from crop residues of food and feed production, forestry residues and marine flora. Municipal waste, manure and animal products and industrial wastes also need to be considered as potential resources for bio-based products and services. In this regard, enzymes are known to play a pivotal role not only at the stage of production of these value-added products, but also as an important component of value-added products from different alternative biomasses. Therefore, enzymes become an important factor as value-added products and for value-added products. The use of enzymes holds great potential value for industries in many sectors, including energy, organic chemicals, polymers, fabrics and healthcare products. In general, an enzyme based bio-economy offers many benefits and opportunities. For completed book description, please visit our link below.

In this book, the authors gather and present current research in the study of the technological systems, management practices and environmental impact of recycling. Topics discussed in this compilation include road pavement recycling technologies; polymer-base waste materials for recycling; cheese whey recovery technologies; environmental indicators for the plastic recycling industry; glass fibre replacement with banana tree fibre in high density polyethylene composites; recycling of different spent earth from filtration in the production of ceramic materials; recycling and reusing fibre-reinforced composites; recycling of regenerated wastewater using water cascade analysis in pulp and paper mills; disaster waste generated after the Great East Japan Earthquake; the social and environmental responsibilities of recycling; thermal degradation of polymers during their mechanical recycling; and recycling of petroleum oily sludge to produce sustainable clay ceramics.

Currently, the management of solid waste represents a major economic and environmental issue throughout the world. Trends in waste generation show an increase in the volumes of waste produced in most countries and it is clear that the trend will continue. The treatment and disposal of solid waste involves a range of processes including landfill, incineration and composting, all of which may result in emissions to the environment. Municipal investments are said to be highly capital-intensive. As a result, every investment needs to be preceded by the economic analysis which allows for the estimation of the effectiveness of the investment. Investments are made to make profits and to increase savings. This book presents current research in the study of municipal solid waste, with a particular focus on recycling and cost effectiveness.

Uganda's capital, Kampala, is undergoing dramatic urban transformations as its new technocratic government seeks to clean and green the city. Waste Worlds tracks the dynamics of development and disposability unfolding amid struggles over who and what belong in the new Kampala. Garbage materializes these struggles. In the densely inhabited social infrastructures in and around the city's waste streams, people, places, and things become disposable but conditions of disposability are also challenged and undone. Drawing on years of ethnographic research, Jacob Doherty illustrates how waste makes worlds, offering the key intervention that disposability is best understood not existentially, as a condition of social exclusion, but infrastructurally, as a form of injurious social inclusion.

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, aesthetics or amenity. Waste management is also carried out to reduce the materials' effect on the environment and to recover resources from them. Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each. Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial, producers. Management for non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator. This book concentrates on the newest research in the field.

This book focuses on waste management which is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, aesthetics or amenity. Waste management is also carried out to reduce the materials' effect on the environment and to recover resources from them. Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each. Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial, producers. Management for non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial. Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of organised waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world. Landfills may include internal waste disposal sites as well as sites used by many producers. Many landfills are also used for other waste management purposes, such as the temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or processing of waste material (sorting, treatment, or recycling). A landfill also may refer to ground that has been filled in with soil and rocks instead of waste materials, so that it can be used for a specific purpose, such as for building houses. Unless they are stabilised, these areas may experience severe shaking or liquefaction of the ground in a large earthquake. This book presents new research in a field which is demanding and beginning to receive society's attention.

This publication provides essential information on the planning, implementation, and management of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in schools, particularly for small and isolated rural settlements in Mongolia. Many schools in Mongolia face significant challenges in improving WASH due to physical and demographic conditions. The country's harsh winters require sustainable WASH facilities that can withstand extended periods of below-freezing temperatures. Information about WASH standards and norms, design and technology options, operation and maintenance, hygiene education approaches, and cost estimation outlined in this publication are useful for national and local administrators, engineers, field practitioners, and policy makers.

Electronic waste, which includes everything from refrigerators to smartphones, is one of the world's fastest growing waste streams. Often these items are simply discarded as new technology becomes available. A huge amount of electronic waste is generated globally and currently only around 20% of it is recycled. The complex mixture of materials and components within electronic waste makes it difficult to manage and many of these components can pose hazards to human health or the environment if not disposed of carefully. There have been significant changes in the global approach to electronic waste management and the legislation around it since the publication of the first edition of Electronic Waste Management. This new edition provides an updated overview across the world as well as presenting new chapters on current issues in recycling and management of this waste. This is an essential reference not only for those working in recycling and waste management, but also for those working in manufacturing and product development who wish to consider the full lifecycle of their products. It also provides valuable insights for policymakers developing more environmentally sound and sustainable systems and strategies for the management of electronic waste.

Nanotechnology in Water and Waste Water Treatment: Theory and Applications explores the unique physicochemical and surface properties of nanoparticles and highlights the advantages they provide for engineering applications. Applications covered include the generation of fresh water from surface water and seawater, the prevention of the contamination of the environment, and the creation of effective and efficient methods for remediation of polluted waters. Each chapter covers a different nanotechnology-based approach and examines the basic principles, practical applications, recent breakthroughs and associated limitations. This book is ideal for researchers and professionals in the fields of nanotechnology, water treatment and desalination. In addition, it is also ideal for postgraduate students, industry and government professionals, managers and policymakers.

Household hazardous waste (HHW) is a topic that affects every individual and community given the nearly universal use, storage, and disposal of chemical consumer products. Yet many communities lack the basic information, guidance, and planning support for HHW collection and management so that struggles (e.g., to gain politicians' and residents' support, host a collection, build a facility, affect behavior change, and encourage extended producer responsibility) continue on a regular basis. This book is for professionals, students, government officials and others interested in HHW and accommodating the increasing societal demand for this disposal option. In the evolving field of HHW collection and management, this book: *provides an unparalleled, comprehensive look at household hazardous waste *is a must-have for anyone interested in the solid waste management field, whether novice or experienced, because of the valuable overview and specifics it provides for addressing the ubiquitous issue of HHW *offers perspectives based on many collective years of experts' accrued insight *the chapters are written by leading practitioners and visionaries *is packed with useful information on many aspects of HHW including its definition, mechanisms for collection and creative collection options, tools for behavior change, and product stewardship *offers an extensive resource list for more information. Much has changed in 10 years since the first edition appeared, and each chapter in the Handbook on Household Hazardous Waste, Second Edition, is updated to reflect changes and advances in the field of HHW collection and management. This includes updated appendices and the extensive resource list.

"Biology of the Wetlands" discusses the characteristics and significance of the single- and multi-celled organisms found in wastewater treatment plants and the conditions that support their growth. This knowledge helps operators to make more informed process control decisions. Unlike typical texts written for design and consulting engineers and full of technical jargon, equations, and kinetics, this guide provides the necessary information in a format that is accessible and actionable for plant operators and technicians and helpful to others involved in wastewater treatment.

Water quality modeling is a powerful tool to help in understanding the processes and factors that influence water quality in potable water distribution systems. This book will help you set up a realistic mathematical simulation of your distribution system and your water quality to let you determine the fate of contaminants as they travel through the distribution system. You'll see how to model a wide range of operational and design variables. Experiment with various scenarios to model and monitor TTHMs, disinfectant decay, chemical reactions, supply-and-demand over time, hydraulics, tank mixing, blended waters, and many other parameters. Whether you are new to water quality modeling or a long-time practitioner, you'll find a vast wealth of knowledge from an esteemed expert in the field and pioneering developer of EPANET, author Robert M. Clark.