This book reviews principles, techniques and applications of metal, metal oxides, metal sulfides and metal-organic frameworks for removal and degradation of pollutants. Natural materials are often much more advanced than synthetic materials in terms of circularity and are functional, often biodegradable, recyclable and generate little waste. They are, therefore, a source of inspiration for new synthetic materials. In particular, recent research has focused on various types of functional materials such as organic, inorganic, nanostructured and composites for the remediation of environmental pollution.

This book discusses the recent advances in the wastes recycling technologies to provide low-cost and alternative ways for nanomaterials production. It shows how carbon nanomaterials can be synthesized from different waste sources such as banana fibers, argan (Argania spinosa) seed shells, corn grains, camellia oleifera shell, sugar cane bagasse, oil palm (empty fruit bunches and leaves) and palm kernel shells. Several nanostructured metal oxides (MnO2, Co3O4,....) can be synthesized via recycling of spent batteries. The recovered nanomaterials can be applied in many applications including: Energy (supercapacitors, solar cells, etc.) water treatments (heavy metal ions and dyes removal) and other applications. Spent battery and agriculture waste are rich precursors for metals and carbon, respectively. The book also explores the various recycling techniques, agriculture waste recycling, batteries recycling, and different applications of the recycled materials.

Addresses a Global Challenge to Sustainable Development Advances in Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Industrial Waste examines and compiles the latest information on the industrial waste biodegradation process and provides a comprehensive review. Dedicated to reducing pollutants generated by agriculturally contaminated soil, and plastic waste from various industries, this text is a book that begs the question: Is a pollution-free environment possible? The book combines with current available data with the expert knowledge of specialists from around the world to evaluate various aspects of environmental microbiology and biotechnology. It emphasizes the role of different bioreactors for the treatment of complex industrial waste and provides specific chapters on bioreactors and membrane process integrated with biodegradation process. It also places special emphasis on phytoremediation and the role of wetland plant rhizosphere bacterial ecology and the bioremediation of complex industrial wastewater. The authors address the microbiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of biodegradation and bioremediation which cover numerous topics, including microbial genomics and proteomics for the bioremediation of industrial waste. This text contains 14 chapters and covers: Bioprocess engineering and mathematical modelling with a focus on environmental engineering The roles of siderophores and the rhizosphere bacterial community for phytoremediation of heavy metals Current advances in phytoremediation, especially as it relates to the mechanism of phytoremediation of soil polluted with heavy metals Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds and pesticides: Challenges and solution Bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated wastewater of refinery plants The role of biosurfactants for bioremediation and biodegradation of various pollutants discharged from industrial waste as they are tools of biotechnology The role of potential microbial enzymatic processes for bioremediation of industrial waste The latest knowledge regarding the biodegradation of tannery and textile waste A resource for students interested in the field of environment, microbiology, industrial engineering, biotechnology, botany, and agricultural sciences, Advances in Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Industrial Waste provides recent knowledge and approaches on the bioremediation of complex industrial waste.

This book describes a simplified approach to the modelling and process design of a fixed bed hybrid bioreactor for wastewater treatment. In this work a simplified model for hybrid bioreactor is developed to determine output parameters like exiting substrate concentration in bulk liquid, average substrate flux in the biofilm, effective and total biofilm thickness. The model is based on mass balance of both carbonaceous substrate and biomass under suspended and attached growth simultaneously along with substrate mass transport into the biofilm. The proposed model has also been validated with the results obtained from experimental study with municipal wastewater considering as a low strength wastewater with no inhibition. There is a flexibility of the proposed model making it a versatile one to find out the exiting substrate concentration both in hybrid bioreactor as well as in a completely mixed biofilm reactor (CMBR). The book caters to academics and practitioners working in the field of advanced wastewater treatment.

This book addresses waste generation problems from various sectors, including industries, agriculture, and household. It focuses on how modern biotechnological approaches could help manage waste in an eco-friendly manner and generate precious bioenergy. It discusses the inadequate waste management systems damaging the environment and its adverse impacts on climate change-related problems. This book covers all the essential information regarding various types of waste and their management. It is a comprehensive compilation for understanding the efficient generation of bioenergy. It is a relevant reading material (resource) for anyone who wishes to study waste management as Chemist, Biologist, Biotechnologist, Industrialist, Ecologist, Microbiologist, Economist, and all disciplines related to the environment.

This open-access book addresses latest Sino-German results of the joint research efforts within Major Water Program of the Chinese Government supported by German research funding. The Major Water Program aims at the restoration of polluted water environments and sustainable management of water resources in China. The joint BMBF-CLIENT project SINOWATER deals with three most significant and strongest polluted Chinese waters, the river Liao and the Dian-lake as well as Tai-lake in the area of the metropolises Shenyang, Kunming and Suzhou, respectively. The project was conducted by the Research Institute for Water and Waste Management at RWTH Aachen (FiW) e.V., Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection, Technical University of Munich, RWTH Aachen University, German and Chinese companies (Martin Membrane Systems AG, Steinhardt GmbH Wassertechnik, GuHong, JT-elektronik, bluemetric, Huawang Water, EVU Group, Atemis GmbH, i+f process GmbH) in close cooperation with Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tongji University, and the Dianchi Lake Management Authorities. Overall, the joint Sino-German research project SINOWATER provided solutions for the improvement of the water quality in the mentioned water bodies as well as development and optimization of Good Water Governance. These objectives could be achieved through the implementation of innovative German water technologies and the optimization of water management elements in the fields of industrial and municipal wastewater treatment as well as river and shallow lake management.

A comprehensive guide to understanding the biology and biological conditions of the treatment process

Due to the importance of anaerobic digesters in wastewater treatment processes, a review of the microbiology of the bacteria and the operational conditions that affect their activity are of value in addressing successful and cost-effective operation.

The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters – the third book in the Wastewater Microbiology Series – provides an in-depth review of the bacteria, their activity, and the operational conditions that affect anaerobic digester performance. Avoiding the technical jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that typically accompany such texts, this comprehensive resource also discusses troubleshooting and process control measures that will allow you to maintain treatment efficiency, prevent system upsets, and reduce operational costs.

Prepared for an audience of operators and technicians who are responsible for the daily operation of anaerobic digesters, The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters covers important issues in this field, including:

• Substrates, products, and biogas
• Operational conditions, including nutrients, temperature, and alkalinity
• Process controls and troubleshooting
• Types of digesters

Fixed film anaerobic digesters are becoming more and more common in the treatment of soluble organic compounds in wastewater. The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters will introduce readers to this important topic and provide them with the necessary information for understanding biological conditions of this treatment process.

Resisting Garbage presents a new approach to understanding practices of waste removal and recycling in American cities, one that is grounded in the close observation of case studies while being broadly applicable to many American cities today. Most current waste practices in the United States, Lily Baum Pollans argues, prioritize sanitation and efficiency while allowing limited post-consumer recycling as a way to quell consumers’ environmental anxiety. After setting out the contours of this “weak recycling waste regime,” Pollans zooms in on the very different waste management stories of Seattle and Boston over the last forty years. While Boston’s local politics resulted in a waste-export program with minimal recycling, Seattle created new frameworks for thinking about consumption, disposal, and the roles that local governments and ordinary people can play as partners in a project of resource stewardship. By exploring how these two approaches have played out at the national level, Resisting Garbage provides new avenues for evaluating municipal action and fostering practices that will create environmentally meaningful change.

This book provides updated and comprehensive information on the effective functioning of earthworms used alone or in combination with other biological systems/microbes, as well as factors affecting the process and performance of vermiremediation under a range of conditions. It also compares earthworm assisted vermifiltration with other conventional biochemical methods. Presenting cutting-edge research on the earthworm assisted remediation of industrial and municipal effluents and sludges, along with its role in solid waste management (SWM), the book will benefit readers from the research community and industrial sector alike, familiarizing them with the latest remediation techniques for wastewater and different types of solid waste.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of innovative remediation techniques and strategies for soils contaminated by heavy metals or organic compounds (e.g. petroleum hydrocarbons, NAPLs and chlorinated organic compounds). It discusses various novel chemical remediation approaches (in-situ and ex-situ) used alone and in combination with physical and/or thermal treatment. Further, it addresses the recovery of NAPLs, reuse of leaching solutions, and in-situ chemical reduction and oxidation, and explores the chemical enhancement of physical NAPLs recovery from both practical and theoretical perspectives. Also presenting the state-of-the-art in waste-assisted bioremediation to improve soil quality and the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons, the book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and R&D professionals in industry engaged in the treatment of contaminated soils.

This open access book introduces the magnesium resources in the world and the layout of this industry, the harmless handling/recycling of magnesium slag, and the process of magnesium silicothermic reduction (Pidgeon process) to produce the slag. Examples and experimental data in this book are from the author group's research programs, as well as the recent researches in China. The book could provide precious reference to scientists and engineers in the field of recycling and environment friendly use of the industrial solid wastes. It could also be used for researchers and students who are interested in relevant field.

The book focuses on the challenges faced by urban areas in the context of handling waste in an environmentally and socially acceptable manner. It also discusses effective waste management approaches, which differ according to culture, climate, and socio-economic variables, as well as institutional volume. Presenting selected, high-quality papers from IconSWM 2018, the book explores a number of waste management methods with the help of case studies.

This book highlights the significance of urban agricultural production, the technologies and methods for supplying organic materials to the farmland, recovering plant nutrients and energy in cities, and systems for sustaining farmlands in order to produce agricultural crops and supply safe food to citizens. Focusing on the effective recycling of biomass waste generated in cities for use in organic farming, it discusses alternatives to traditional composting, such as carbonizing organic waste, which not only produces recyclable materials but also converts organic waste into energy. Recycling discarded organic matter appropriately and reusing it as both material and energy is the basis of new urban organic farming, and represents a major challenge for the next generation of urban agriculture. As such, the book presents advanced research findings to facilitate the implementation of safe, organic agricultural production with only a small environmental load.

This book covers state-of-the-art technologies, principles, methods and industrial applications of electronic waste (e-waste) and waste PCB (WPCB) recycling. It focuses on cutting-edge mechanical separation processes and pyro- and hydro-metallurgical treatment methods. De-soldering, selective dismantling, and dry separation methods (including the use of gravity, magnetic and electrostatic techniques) are discussed in detail, noting the patents related to each. The volume discusses the available industrial equipment and plant flowsheets used for WPCB recycling in detail, while addressing potential future directions of the field. This practical, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary reference will appeal to professionals throughout global industrial, academic and government institutions interested in addressing the growing problem of e-waste. Covers principles, methods and industrial applications of e-waste and PCB recycling; Details state-of-the-art mechanical separation processes and pyro- and hydro-metallurgical treatment methods; Describes the available industrial equipment used and plant flowsheets for PCB recycling and addresses potential future developments of this important field.

This two-volume work presents comprehensive, accurate information on the present status and contemporary development in phycoremediation of various types of domestic and industrial wastewaters. The volume covers a mechanistic understanding of microalgae based treatment of wastewaters, including current challenges in the treatment of various organic and inorganic pollutants, and future opportunities of bioremediation of wastewater and industrial effluents on an algal platform. The editors compile the work of authors from around the globe, providing insight on key issues and state-of-the-art developments in algal bioremediation that is missing from the currently available body of literature. The volume hopes to serve as a much needed resource for professors, researchers and scientists interested in microalgae applications for wastewater treatment. Volume 1 focuses on the different aspects of domestic and industrial wastewater treatment by microalgae. The case studies include examples such as genetic technologies as well as the development and efficient use of designer consortia for enhanced utilization of microalgae. This volume provides thorough and comprehensive information on removal of persistent and highly toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical compounds, and dyes from wastewater by microalgae, diatoms, and blue-green algae. Design considerations for algal ponds and efficient use of photobioreactors and HRAPs for wastewater treatment are some other highlights. This volume addresses the applications, potentials, and future opportunities for these various considerations in water pollution mitigation using algal technologies.

The updated and expanded guide for handling industrial wastes and designing a wastewater treatment plant The revised and updated second edition of Practical Wastewater Treatment provides a hands-on guide to industrial wastewater treatment theory, practices, and issues. It offers information for the effective design of water and wastewater treatment facilities and contains material on how to handle the wide-variety of industrial wastes. The book is based on a course developed and taught by the author for the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. The author reviews the most current industrial practices and goals, describes how the water industry works, and covers the most important aspects of the industry. In addition, the book explores a wide-range of approaches for managing industrial wastes such as oil, blood, protein and more. A comprehensive resource, the text covers such basic issues as water pollution, wastewater treatment techniques, sampling and measurement, and explores the key topic of biological modeling for designing wastewater treatment plants. This important book: Offers an updated and expanded text for dealing with real-world wastewater problems Contains new chapters on: Reverse Osmosis and desalination; Skin and Membrane Filtration; and Cooling tower water treatment Presents a guide filled with helpful examples and diagrams that is ideal for both professionals and students Includes information for handling industrial wastes and designing water and wastewater treatment plants Written for civil or chemical engineers and students, Practical Wastewater Treatment offers the information and techniques needed to solve problems of wastewater treatment.

The book focuses on a global issue-municipal solid waste management (MSWM) and presents the most effective solutions based on energy recovery processes. There is huge potential in employing different technologies and modern management methodology for recovering energy from various waste streams to establish a sustainable and circular economy. In several countries, energy recovery from municipal solid wastes (MSW) is seen as a way of reducing the negative impact of waste on the environment and also reducing the burden on land resources. The book primarily focuses on highlighting the latest insights into energy recovery from various waste streams in different countries, with a particular emphasis on India. Further, it paves the way for sustainability in the energy sector as a whole by addressing waste management issues and simultaneous energy recovery. The chapters present high-quality research papers selected and presented in the conference, IconSWM 2018.

The book presents high-quality research papers from the Seventh International Conference on Solid Waste Management (IconSWM 2017), held at Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad on December 15-17, 2017. The conference, an official side event of the high-level Intergovernmental Eighth Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific, aimed to generate scientific inputs into the policy consultation of the Forum co-organized by the UNCRD/UNDESA, MoEFCC India, MOUD India and MOEJ, Japan. Presenting research on solid waste management from more than 30 countries, the book is divided into three volumes and addresses various issues related to innovation and implementation in sustainable waste management, segregation, collection, transportation of waste, treatment technology, policy and strategies, energy recovery, life cycle analysis, climate change, research and business opportunities.

This book describes the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of waste management and environmental geomechanics as presented by leading researchers, engineers and practitioners at the International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management through Design (IC_SWMD), held in Ludhiana (Punjab), India on November 2-3, 2018. Providing a unique overview of new directions, and opportunities for sustainable and resilient design approaches to protect infrastructure and the environment, it discusses diverse topics related to civil engineering and construction aspects of the resource management cycle, from the minimization of waste, through the eco-friendly re-use and processing of waste materials, the management and disposal of residual wastes, to water treatments and technologies. It also encompasses strategies for reducing construction waste through better design, improved recovery, re-use, more efficient resource management and the performance of materials recovered from wastes. The contributions were selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process and highlight many exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different waste management specialists.

This book provides chemical concepts as well as crucial steps for inorganic water and wastewater treatment. Examples and tools help to understand and to guide through industrial and natural water process engineering. Chemical and environmental engineers, researchers and professionals, as well as students benefit from this concise and explanatory book.

As well as producing commercially valuable biogas, anaerobic farm digesters have many other benefits. They enable the livestock farmer to recycle fertilizer from organic waste, to produce saleable compost as a byproduct, and reduce the environmental impact on water and atmosphere at the same time. Digesters let us run farms more economically, and make our energy supplies and our food production more sustainable. This straight forward book provides a wealth of useful information, including the benefits of using a digester, and how to go about installing one: * Why we need farm digesters, and their benefits * How digesters work * Commercial products from digester * How to set up a farm digester programme

Greywater Reuse examines the features and implications of greywater reuse scientifically, quantitatively, and thoroughly.Based on the authors' extensive studies of treatment facilities in urban and rural environments, development of greywater treatment systems, and research of potential environmental and health risks posed by greywater at different treatment levels, this authoritative text: Describes the chemical, physical, and microbial properties of greywater Covers the treatment and removal of greywater pollutants, providing case studies of common methods Identifies the risks involved in greywater use and proposes regulatory measures to help reduce these risks Reviews the greywater management strategies, policies, and legislation of several different countries Discusses the prevailing public perception and willingness to adopt various uses of greywater Analyzes the economic impact of greywater reuse from both the consumer and national perspectives Greywater Reuse addresses all major aspects related to greywater reuse, making it a valuable resource for a variety of applications.

Smart materials are used to develop more cost-effective and high-performance water treatment systems as well as instant and continuous ways to monitor water quality. Smart materials in water research have been extensively utilized for the treatment, remediation, and pollution prevention. Smart materials can maintain the long term water quality, availability and viability of water resource. Thus, water via smart materials can be reused, recycled, desalinized and also it can detect the biological and chemical contamination whether the source is from municipal, industrial or man-made waste. The 15 state-of-the-art review chapters contained in this book cover the recent advancements in the area of waste water, as well as the prospects about the future research and development of smart materials for the waste water applications in the municipal, industrial and manmade waste areas. Treatment techniques (nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, adsorption and nano-reactive membranes) are also covered in-depth. The chapters are divided into three groups: The first section includes the various carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, mixed oxides) with a focus on use of carbon at nanoscale applied for waste water research. The second section focuses on synthetic nanomaterials for pollutants removal. The third section highlights the bio-polymeric nanomaterials where the authors have used the natural polymers matrices in a composite and nanocomposite material for waste treatment. The large number of researchers working in the area will benefit from the fundamental concepts, advanced approaches and application of the various smart materials towards waste water treatment that are described in the book. It will also provide a platform for the researchers and graduate students to carry out advanced research and understand the building blocks.

This publication provides essential information on the planning, implementation, and management of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in schools, particularly for small and isolated rural settlements in Mongolia. Many schools in Mongolia face significant challenges in improving WASH due to physical and demographic conditions. The country's harsh winters require sustainable WASH facilities that can withstand extended periods of below-freezing temperatures. Information about WASH standards and norms, design and technology options, operation and maintenance, hygiene education approaches, and cost estimation outlined in this publication are useful for national and local administrators, engineers, field practitioners, and policy makers.