Ponds (lagoons) have been used for centuries with great success in the treatment of wastewater. Ponds created for treatment, known as stabilization ponds, model the physical and biochemical interactions that occur in natural ponds. Easy to build and manage, stabilization ponds can accommodate large fluctuations in flow, and provide results that are comparable to conventional systems at a much lower cost. Wastewater Stabilization Ponds examines the use of this natural and highly effective process. The text is centered on wastewater pond management processes and operation procedures that provide passive treatment with a minimum of energy-driven mechanical elements. It highlights the environmental principles, practices, engineering, and mathematics involved in the design and operation of conventional wastewater stabilization ponds. It also explores the major processes, procedures, and design methods relevant to wastewater treatment ponds. This includes the basic processes, in-pond design evolution and enhancements, oxygen addition, and modifications that require energy, nutrient removal, as well as effluent total suspended solids removal. Emphasizing the design, construction, and operation of wastewater ponds, the book serves as a valuable resource for anyone seeking information on pond construction and operation, knowledge of pond operation, and assistance in certification exam preparation and study. Presents a design of wastewater stabilization ponds Includes a complete description of pond process elements Provides descriptions of pond insect macroinvertebrates Incorporates pond morphometry calculations Contains extensive pond-related math problems Sustainability and energy conservation are underlying themes throughout the text and the authors offer valuable information on potential renewable energy sources.

Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment discusses the methods and technologies of physical, chemical, biological, and thermo-catalytic treatment techniques. It includes the treatment of waste generated by municipal, agro-industry, and other industries including chemical, biomedical, pharmaceutical, textile, and other sectors. FEATURES Covers implementation of advanced water and wastewater treatment techniques, with a focus on pollutant or pathogen removal Includes qualitative and quantitative analyses Focuses on physical, chemical, and biological treatment technologies Discusses the advancements of materials and technologies applicable to both potable water and wastewater from industrial and municipal sources Explores future challenges and viable solutions This book is aimed at chemical and environmental engineers and researchers seeking a thorough treatment of innovative water treatment materials and techniques for practical applications.

An updated edition of an underground classic This is the 4th edition of a self-published book that no respectable publisher would touch with a ten-foot shovel. The 1st edition was published in 1994 with a print run of 600 copies, which the author expected to watch decompose in his garage for the rest of his life. Now, 24 years later, the book has sold over 65,000 print copies in the U.S. alone, been translated in whole or in part into 19 languages and been published in foreign editions on four continents. The previous editions won numerous awards, including the Independent Publisher Outstanding Book of the Year Award, deeming the book "Most Likely to Save the Planet." The book has been mentioned on such diverse media outlets as: Mother Earth News, Whole Earth Review, Countryside Journal, The Journal of Environmental Quality, Natural Health, NPR, BBC, CBC, Howard Stern, The Wall Street Journal, Playboy Magazine, Organic Gardening Magazine, the History Channel, Tree House Masters, and many other national and international venues. The 4th edition is a completely revised, expanded, and updated version of what has become an underground classic bestseller. The author draws from 40 years of research, experience, and travel, to expand and clarify your knowledge and understanding of... your poop! Not only does the book address what to do with human turds, but it is also a priceless manual for anyone involved in composting or gardening, or looking for basic survival skills. There is no other book like this in print!

This edited volume deals with the attempts made by the scientists and practitioners to address contemporary issues in geoenvironmental engineering such as characterization of dredged sediments, geomaterials and waste, valorization of waste, sustainability in waste management and some other geoenvironmental issues that are becoming quite relevant in today's world especially in view of the high urbanization rates, advancement in technologies, and changes in consumption behavior of people. In this regard, wastes generated through the daily activities of individuals and organizations pose many challenges in their management. The volume is based on the best contributions to the 2nd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2018 - The official international congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE).

From the author of The Humanure Handbook, an expert guide to compost toilets you can build yourself The Compost Toilet Handbook is an illustrated instructional manual explaining how to make, use, and manage compost toilets, which are waste-free toilets that rely on the biological process of composting to recycle toilet material. It is based on the author's 40+ years of first-hand experience with "composting as a sanitation alternative." The 254-page indexed book has 161 pages of color photos including 203 photos or illustrations from 13 countries where compost toilet systems are in use. The 2nd half of the book includes case study reviews of compost toilet projects in African prisons and schools; Haitian schools, orphanages, and villages; schools in Mozambique; neighborhoods in Mongolia; a school and village in Nicaragua; and an ecovillage in the US. Along with the nuts and bolts of compost toilet construction, use, and management, the book covers emergency preparedness, cold weather composting, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, health, and safety.

Many standard industrial waste treatment texts sufficiently address a few major technologies for conventional in-plant environmental control strategies in the food industry. But none explore the complete range of technologies with a focus on new developments in innovative and alternative technology, design criteria, effluent standards, managerial decision methodology, and regional and global environmental conservation specific to the food industry. Until now. Waste Treatment in the Food Processing Industry provides in-depth coverage of environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, effluent standards, and future trends. It delineates methodologies, technologies, and the regional and global effects of important pollution control practices. The book highlights major food processing plants or installations that have significant effects on the environment. Since the areas of food industry waste treatment are broad, no one can claim to be an expert in all of them. Reflecting this, the editors recruited collective contributions from specialists in their respective topics, rather than relying on a single author's expertise. The topics covered include dairies, seafood processing plants, olive oil manufacturing factories, potato processing plants, soft drink production plants, bakeries, and various other food processing facilities. Professors, students, and researchers in the environmental, civil, chemical, sanitary, mechanical, and public health engineering and science fields will find valuable educational materials in this book. The extensive bibliographies for each type of food waste treatment or practice will be invaluable to environmental managers, or researchers who need to trace, follow, duplicate, or improve on a specific food waste treatment practice. Comprehensive in scope, the book provides solutions that are directly applicable

This book analyzes the status quo concerning waste generation and management systems in Thailand and other developing countries with similar problems. It addresses municipal, electronic, industrial and hazardous wastes, as well as management instruments, and key factors shaping the progress of waste management as a whole. The book highlights lessons learnt from various successful efforts to overcome these problems in Thailand, and offers recommendations for promoting sustainable waste management systems in Thailand and other countries with similar backgrounds in the future. These include the introduction of a polluter-pay concept, incentive systems for recycling and reusing, and promoting environmental education and awareness in key sectors.

Managing sites contaminated with munitions constituents is an international challenge. Although the choice of approach and the use of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) tools may vary from country to country, the assurance of quality and the direction of ecotoxicological research are universally recognized as shared concerns. Drawing on a multidisciplinary team of contributors, Ecotoxicology of Explosives provides comprehenisve and critical reviews available to date on fate, transport, and effects of explosives. The book delineates the state of the science of the ecotoxicology of explosives, past, present, and recently developed. It reviews the accessible fate and ecotoxicological data for energetic materials (EMs) and the methods for their development. The chapters characterize the fate of explosives in the environment, then provide information on their ecological effects in key environmental media, including aquatic, sedimentary, and terrestrial habitats. The book also discusses approaches for assembling these lines of evidence for risk assessment purposes. The chapter authors have critically examined the peer-reviewed literature to identify and prioritize the knowledge gaps and to recommend future areas of research. The editors include a review of the genotoxic effects of the EMs and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of these chemicals. They also discuss the transport, transformation, and degradation pathways of these chemicals in the environment that underlie the potential hazardous impact and bioaccumulation of EMs in different terrestrial and aquatic ecologiocal receptors. This information translates into practical applications for the environmental risk assessment of EM-contaminated sites and into recommendations for the sustainable use of defense installations.

Nowadays, textile units utilize a number of dyes, chemicals, reagents, and solvents to impart the desired quality to fabrics, and generate a substantial quantity of effluents/contaminants, which cause severe environmental problems if disposed of without proper treatment. In view of several surveys carried out through research papers, books, technical articles, and general reports published in high-repute academic societies, Handbook of Textile Effluent Remediation provides a detailed narration of the acceptable methods of treating textile wastewater, such as active ozonation, membrane filtration, and adsorption. The book discusses emerging and suitable treatment systems that are viable, efficient, and economical. In this context, it provides an array of several traditional as well as advanced treatment practices for textile effluents. It covers research-oriented descriptions of textile wastewater treatment that can be adopted by scientific communities, academicians, and undergraduate and postgraduate students of industrial engineering, materials science and engineering, physics, and chemistry. It offers several interesting methodologies and aspects of current dimensional research through user-friendly content, tables, and figures and provides up-to-date literature on important and useful information for textile effluents, their impact on the environment, and advanced remediation processes. Needless to say, this book is of immense use to global researchers, academicians, and consultants engaged in various streams of wastewater treatment science.

Putting forward an up-to-date waste-to-energy approach that combines experience, sophisticated modeling and technical-economic analysis, this book examines the current need for the maximum utilization of energy from waste and the associated environmental impacts. It outlines step-by-step procedures for a complex and original waste-to-energy approach from the idea to its industrial application. With waste incinerators and industrial plants producing large amounts of pollutants, municipalities as well as smaller decentralized operations are beginning to focus on waste research. The principal advantage of utilizing research findings is the ability to apply a complex approach "from idea to industrial implementation" with respect to the needs of the market established by thorough market analysis. This book builds on this concept with an original approach that takes into consideration geographical aspects, the specifics of regions/micro-regions and technological units and/or equipment. Key areas discussed and analyzed in the text include: strategic planning of energy-source locations according to the nature of the respective region or microregion; types and amounts of wastes; logistics etc. using original mathematical models; consideration of on-site processing of various types of waste, taking into account the character of the region (agricultural, industrial etc.); tailor-made technologies for energy recovery from various types of wastes; implementation of individual technologies with original elements; and support for environmental protection based on advanced flue gas (i.e. off-gas in the case of incineration) cleaning methods.

The second, enlarged edition of this established reference integrates many new insights into wastewater hydraulics. This work serves as a reference for researchers but also is a basis for practicing engineers. It can be used as a text book for graduate students, although it has the characteristics of a reference book. It addresses mainly the sewer hydraulician but also general hydraulic engineers who have to tackle many a problem in daily life, and who will not always find an appropriate solution. Each chapter is introduced with a summary to outline the contents. To illustrate application of the theory, examples are presented to explain the computational procedures. Further, to relate present knowledge to the history of hydraulics, some key dates on noteworthy hydraulicians are quoted. A historical note on the development of wastewater hydraulics is also added. References are given at the end of each chapter, and they are often helpful starting points for further reading. Each notation is defined when introduced, and listed alphabetically at the end of each chapter. This new edition includes in particular sideweirs with throttling pipes, drop shafts with an account on the two-phase flow features, as well as conduit choking due to direct or undular hydraulic jumps.

Waste Biorefinery: Integrating Biorefineries for Waste Valorisation provides the various options available for several renewable waste streams. The book includes scientific and technical information pertaining to the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. In addition, the book reports on recent developments and new achievements in the field of biochemical and thermo-chemical methods and the necessities and potential generated by different kinds of biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries. The book presents an assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries pertaining to the use of sustainable technologies for energy recovery from different waste matrices. Advantages and limitations of different technologies are also discussed by considering the local energy demands, government policies, environmental impacts, and education in bioenergy.

Aerobic granular sludge technology will play an important role as an innovative technology alternative to the present activated sludge process in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment in the near future. Intended to fill the gaps in the studies of aerobic granular sludge, this thesis comprehensively investigates the formation, characterization and mathematical modeling of aerobic granular sludge, through integrating the process engineering tools and advanced molecular microbiology. The research results of this thesis contributed significantly to the advance of understanding and optimization of the bacterial granulation processes, the next generation of technology for cost-effective biological wastewater treatment. Dr. Bing-Jie Ni works at Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC) of The University of Queensland, Australia.

Industrial and Municipal Sludge: Emerging Concerns and Scope for Resource Recovery begins with a characterization of the types of sludge and their sources and management strategies. This section is followed by specific chapters that cover Emerging contaminants in sludge (Endocrine disruptors, Pesticides and Pharmaceutical residues, including illicit drugs/controlled substances), Bioleaching of sludge [with an enriched sulfur-oxidizing bacterial community, Recovery of valuable metals (Bioleaching and use of sulfur-oxidizing bacterial community, and Biogas production by continuous thermal hydrolysis and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. In addition, the book includes numerous tables and flow diagrams to help users further comprehend the subject matter.

This book focuses on sustainable solid waste management in an urban context and gives an example of how a modern city can work with waste management for increased sustainability in close cooperation with the academy. The book describes challenges which the city is facing and presents a case on how these can be tackled based on several research and development projects performed in the City of Malmoe over the last decade. In these projects, the city has worked as a test bed for new solutions, developed with and evaluated by the university. The projects and evaluations of the same have been developed with a multi-dimensional approach; including technical aspects, resource efficiency, economic parameters, information strategies towards households and user friendliness. Methods used for evaluation are presented in a comprehensive way together with a discussion on how results from performed evaluations have affected the solid waste management policy making in the city. The book describes a bridging over a commonly noticed gap between research on the one hand and policy making and technical management on the other. Several examples are given on how academy and real life and full-scale developments in the city can have a fruit-full collaboration, where feed-back from evaluation of made changes are used for continuous improvements - at the same time as the actual needs from the city forces the academy to develop new methods for evaluations and develop new solutions to previously un-known or un-addressed problems.

The fact that a process produces garbage is a testament to design inefficiency, and this book explains how to use the nature of that garbage to pinpoint and eliminate those inefficiencies. Lean Waste Stream: Reducing Material Use and Garbage Using Lean Principles supplies an unprecedented look at how to address business waste in a manner that will improve your organization's environmental and financial performance. Tackling the problem of business garbage from a Lean perspective, the book maintains a focus on how to minimize garbage in ways that cut costs. It considers the problem of garbage in terms of transportation, inventory, and labor costs-with an effort to connect reductions in garbage production at all stages with lower operating costs and improved productivity. Explaining how to use garbage analysis as a tool to identify the problems in process flow that produced the garbage, this book describes how to look downstream for options to reuse, repurpose, and recycle garbage to minimize landfill impact and costs. The text includes practical exercises with step-by-step instructions, as well as real-world examples that illustrate how specific wastes have been dealt with profitably by various organizations.

This volume is designed to give local government elected officials and their staff the background information they need on the state of the art in small scale municipal waste-to-energy project development. It will, of course, be of interest to many others in the field. The small-scale segment of the municipal waste energy recovery industry has grown and changed in many ways in recent years. With increasingly stringent environmental regulations pushing up the costs of landfilling, as well as today's higher prices for oil and natural gas, the economics of small-scale systems are attractive to smaller communities or counties which might at one time only have considered joining a multijurisdictional large-scale project. The difficulties involved in devel oping a project that envelops numerous governmental entities are discouraging, and a small, local project may be more readily achievable. Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. hopes this book will be of assistance to those who are considering such a project, providing guidance and encouragement, as well as practical information on technologies, eco nomics, energy markets, financing, environmental issues, and the pitfalls of project development."

The papers in this volume arose out of two workshops entitled "Confinement and Remediation of Environmental Hazards," and "Resource Recovery," as part of the IMA 1999-2000 program year. These workshops brought together mathematicians, engineers and scientists to summarize recent theoretical, computational, and experimental advances in the theory of phenomena in porous media. The first workshop focused on the mathematical problems which arise in groundwater transport of contamination, and the spreading, confinement and remediation of biological, chemical and radioactive waste. In the second conference, the processes underlying petroleum recovery and the geological time scale of deformation, flow and reaction in porous media were discussed. Simulation techniques were used to simulate complex domains with widely-ranging spatial resolution and types of physics. Probability funcional methods for determining the most probable state of the subsurface and related uncertainty were discussed. Practical examples included breakout from chemical and radioactive waste repositories, confinement by injection of pore plugging material and bioremediation of petroleum and other wastes. This volume will be of interest to subsurface science practitioners who would like a view of recent mathematical and experimental efforts to examine subsurface science phenomena related to resource recovery and remediation issues.

Concern about the fate of waste products produced by a wide range of industrial processes has led to the realization that they may have potential uses and, therefore, value. In an effort to develop more sustainable processes and reduce waste storage, the use of waste as a resource has been gaining attention worldwide. Consequently, there have been a large number of studies aimed at utilizing such wastes. Conversion of Large Scale Wastes into Value-added Products discusses various selected classes of large-scale waste and their current applications and potential future applications.
This book provides a snapshot of a continually evolving field, which includes both well-established processes and a drive toward developing strategies for new applications of wastes. The first chapter provides a general introduction to the area of large-scale waste utilization, including drivers for waste recovery, and secondary processes and products for waste reuse. Subsequent chapters discuss applications and potential applications in specific classes of large-scale waste:

• Various types of waste generated from different metal processing operations
• Waste generated by coal combustion, a major source of power generation that produces enormous quantities of waste
• Waste electrical and electronic equipment, important for recycling finite resources and reducing health and environmental risks
• Food waste, a significant and diverse waste stream with economic and environmental impacts

The final chapter presents a general conclusion to the broad subject of waste utilization, summarizing the topics and addressing future trends in waste research.

Sampllng Fundamental Aspects 2 Sampling: Fundamental aspects Reimar Leschber Institut fuer Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene des Bundesge- sundheitsamtes, Berlin-Dahlem, Federal Republic of Germany Chairman of Working Party 2, COST 681 Protection of the environment increasingly requires the de- velopment of a recycling society using 'secondary raw ma- terials' instead of natural resources wherever possible. Among the methods of recycling the agricultural use of sludge is a traditional one and a good example with a long history of a meanlngful use of waste material. Increasing demands of water pollution control in the last de- cades leading to intensified and extended sewage treatment processes and thus to an increase of the sludge quantity have caused problems in this field in general. In addition, there were local problems of industrial pollution which have led to an increase of harmful substances in municipal sewage sludges. So, when the Concerted Action COST 68 was set up to study the beneficial and harmful effects of the agricultural use of sludge, investigation of harmful substances in the sludges and their environmental effects was 9ne of the main tasks of work. Although the progress of analytical techniques enabled the environmental authorities and institutions to determine harmful substances in sludges with great accuracy, it became clear that unsatisfactory results and an incomplete reproduc- ibility of analytical findings often were not due to shortcom- ings in the analytical procedure itself but to a preceding in- vestigation step: Improper sampling and sample preparation.