Many environmental problems of current concern are due to the high production and local accumulations of organic wastes that are too great for the basic degradation processes inherent in nature. With adequate application rates, animal manure constitutes a valuable resource as a soil fertilizer, as it provides a high content of macro- and micronutrients for crop growth and represents a low-cost, environmental-friendly alternative to mineral fertilizers. Improper disposal of animal manure poses a threat to the environment. Recycling manure cannot only protect the local environment but can also save you money. Spreading animal manure can contribute to harmful urban run-off that contains bacteria and nutrients that pollute our local groundwater. Throwing it away in the trash takes up valuable landfill space and wastes natural resources. A rapidly changing and expanding livestock and poultry production sector, in addition to increasing human waste, due to ever increasing human population, means there is also an increase in livestock manure, which if not utilized and managed can lead to a range of environmental problems. Historically, manure was used as a fertilizer, but after overuse of chemical fertilizers for decades, manure is again being used for organic farming for crop fertilization and soil amelioration, and biofuel production. This book, Animal Manure Recycling Treatment and Management presents an overview of environment friendly principles and practices used for managing animal manure more efficiently and in a sustainable manner for creating a consistent fertilizer product. In addition to the manure management, this book also describes technologies for converting manure to biogas and management of gaseous emissions and run off of manure derived greenhouse gases. Livestock production is experiencing dynamic growth and specialisation, and is facing the challenge of ensuring that changes in production systems include the development of environmentally friendly manure management systems. This book provides an overview of manure management systems and technologies for removing solid and liquid manure from animal houses, storage, transport and application in the field. The overview includes specific descriptions and applicability of potential technologies in terms of capability, costs, environmental impact and so on. Methods needed to manage the manure are also presented. The introduction of appropriate management technologies could thus mitigate the health and environmental risks associated with the overproduction of organic wastes derived from the livestock industry by stabilizing them before their use or disposal. Stabilisation involves the decomposition of an organic material to the extent of eliminating the hazards and is normally reflected by decreases in microbial biomass and its activity and in concentrations.

Sponsored by the Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Engineering Committee of the Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. Sustainable Solid Waste Management describes basic principles and recent advances for handling solid waste in an environmentally sustainable way. Solid waste poses problems of quantity-the sheer amount is increasing around the world-but also of environmental impact, especially with the introduction of materials harmful to ecosystems. This volume uses a global lens to examine all aspects of the solid waste, including waste minimization, waste as a resource, appropriate disposal, and efficient systems fostered by effective public policy. Written by leading experts, the 22 chapters analyze the critical issues to be considered during the various stages of a waste management program. Topics include: public policies focusing on reducing waste at its source, recycling, and minimizing disposal amounts technologies for treating and recycling solid waste safe, efficient treatment and disposal of hazardous and other special wastes development and maintenance of engineered landfills and landfill mining legal frameworks and the use of life-cycle assessment as a tool for the waste management industry. Municipal engineers, environmental managers, researchers, students, policy makers, and planners will find this book to be an essential guide to social and technological issues related to sustainable solid waste management.

Electrical and electronic waste is a growing problem as volumes are increasing fast. Rapid product innovation and replacement, especially in information and communication technologies (ICT), combined with the migration from analog to digital technologies and to flat-screen televisions and monitors has resulted in some electronic products quickly reaching the end of their life. The EU directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) aims to minimise WEEE by putting organizational and financial responsibility on producers and distributors for collection, treatment, recycling and recovery of WEEE. Therefore all stakeholders need to be well-informed about their WEEE responsibilities and options. While focussing on the EU, this book draws lessons for policy and practice from all over the world. Part one introduces the reader to legislation and initiatives to manage WEEE. Part two discusses technologies for the refurbishment, treatment and recycling of waste electronics. Part three focuses on electronic products that present particular challenges for recyclers. Part four explores sustainable design of electronics and supply chains. Part five discusses national and regional WEEE management schemes and part six looks at corporate WEEE management strategies. With an authoritative collection of chapters from an international team of authors, Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) handbook is designed to be used as a reference by policy-makers, producers and treatment operators in both the developed and developing world.

This fascinating reference offers a unique take on recycling and trash, tracing the role of waste in public health, climate change, and sustainability around the world. As the popularity of sustainability grows and climate change becomes an accepted reality, experts point to trash and waste as the link between environmental and public health. This detailed reference-one of the most comprehensive resources available on the subject-examines garbage disposal on a global level, from the history of waste management, to the rise of green movements and recycling programs, to the environmental problems caused by incineration and overflowing landfills. According to urban planning scholar Robert William Collin, accounting for waste will improve the chances for environmental protection, public health, and sustainability. This country-by-country guide studies waste management practices and related topics from around the world, including garbage strikes in Italy, successful recycling programs in Switzerland, trash in the streets of India, and the garbage patch floating in the Pacific Ocean. Country entries cover a brief history of garbage disposal, current methods of removal, recycling, and waste management problems specific to the region. Additional content addresses air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, E-waste, and hazardous and nuclear wastes. Includes comparisons of the waste, public health, and emissions profile for many countries Provides a general introduction to the issue of global waste management Reveals the various methods of disposal across the world Features charts, graphs, and tables that present facts and figures to illustrate key statistics Shares interesting facts and accounts of garbage disposal problems

The fundamental objective of wastewater treatment is to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the wastewater to such a degree that safe discharge to a receiving water, either surface water or groundwater, can be accomplished. Achieving that goal requires the application of several fundamental principles of engineering. Among those are chemistry, biology, hydraulics, fluid mechanics and mathematics of varying types. This book provides a synopsis of the basic fundamentals of those disciplines, as well as an outline of the use of those principles to solve specific wastewater engineering problems. This is the second in a series of volumes designed to assist with mastering the principles of environmental engineering. Inside this volume, the author addresses the process of wastewater treatment; not the mechanics or the machinery and reactors used to do the work. No amount of machinery and reactor vessels will ever treat wastewater effectively unless the process of using the equipment is properly developed first and properly utilized afterwards. A separate volume will address new and emerging technologies, updated regularly to cover those changes to the practice of wastewater treatment.

A must-read for agencies and public works departments interested in developing charge systems for stormwater programs based on fee structures. User-Fee-Funded Stormwater Programs will specify the drivers for stormwater user-fee formation and explore the responsibilities, costs, and entire implementation process. Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Overview Chapter 3: Feasibility Study Chapter 4: Implementation Phase Elements Chapter 5: Resource Requirements for Stormwater Utility Feasibility, Implementation, and Operations Chapter 6: Program Evaluation and Enhancement Chapter 7: Case Studies

Chelating Agents for Land Decontamination Technologies examines the application of chelating agents for the treatment of soil contaminated with metals. Contaminated land remediation is a widespread and costly problem, and the traditional excavation-and-disposal treatment method is not a sustainable solution. Chelating agents (organic compounds that can bind metal ions) are an attractive new technology for land decontamination, because chelating agents enhance metal extraction from contaminated soil or sediment and facilitate metal mobility in subsurface soils. Chapters in this book cover the process fundamentals as well as engineering applications and recent advances for the use of chelating agents in soil washing, soil flushing, phytoremediation, and electrokinetic remediation. They address the application of chelating agents for both ex situ and in situ soil remediation technologies. The extensive use of illustrations and summary tables is combined with up-to-date references. This compilation of engineering applications and research findings for different chelating agent enhanced remediation technologies will be useful to environmental engineers, scientists, and decision makers regarding contaminated land remediation.

Accidents involving orphan sources and other radioactive material in the metal recycling and production industries have resulted in serious radiological accidents as well as in harmful environmental, social and economic impacts. This Safety Guide provides recommendations, the implementation of which should prevent such accidents and provide confidence that scrap metal and recycled products are safe. Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Protection of people and the environment; 3. Responsibilities; 4. Monitoring for radioactive material; 5. Response to the discovery of radioactive material; 6. Remediation of contaminated areas; 7. Management of recovered radioactive material; Annex I: Review of events involving radioactive material in the metal recycling and production industries; Annex II: Categorization of radioactive sources; Annex III: Some examples of national and international initiatives.

Phytoremediation represents the set of technologies able to remove pollutants using artificial ecosystems equipped with natural plants. This book examines a survey about the state of the art of this technique and provides results and details about new applications. The first part deals with wastewaters phytoremediation technique, providing a description of clean-up mechanisms, treatment plants configurations, applicability and removal efficiencies through the analysis of the most recent literature data. The second part consists of a case study in which design, construction and monitoring of real-scale pilot treatment wetland built in a cold climate as primary treatment for dairy wastewaters are examined.

Clay minerals are typically formed over long periods of time by the gradual chemical weathering of rocks, usually silicate-bearing, by low concentrations of carbonic acid and other diluted solvents. Since ancient times, clay minerals have been investigated because of their importance in agriculture, ceramics, building and other uses. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the types, properties and uses of clay. Topics discussed include clay mineral application in electrochemistry and wastewater treatment; organoclay/polymer nanocomposites; use of clays to manufacture honeycomb monoliths for pollution control applications; clays for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions and structural modification of montmorillonite clays by the pillaring process.

This publication will propose a set of standard environmental performance report formats for use by wastewater utilities to facilitate uniform reporting in a manner similar to that currently used for financial reporting. The publication would outline the environmental reporting equivalent of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles for environmental performance reporting by wastewater systems, providing general guidance on how information should be compiled and offering standard reporting templates.

This Handbook is intended to complement several recognized wastewater treatment design references. It facilitates access to those design guides by providing concise information from them and enabling the reader to quickly locate additional information by following direct references. This publication is written for students and design professionals familiar with wastewater treatment concepts, the design process, plant operations, and the regulatory basis of water pollution control.

Published jointly by WEF, AWWA, and IWA, the updated 4th edition of this manual continues its goal to establish units of expression that are universally understandable and readily comparable for all design, operation, and performance factors. The manual was written for engineering professionals familiar with water and wastewater treatment concepts, the design process, and the regulatory basis for water and wastewater control.The manual reflects current design practices of water and wastewater engineering professionals and focuses on particular sectors of the water and wastewater industry including: units used with water treatment systems, standard units for water and wastewater conveyance systems, units used with wastewater treatment systems, units used with facilities associated with the support of treatment systems, and units used with water reuse systems.

Unexploded military ordnance and toxic chemicals, some dating back to the two World Wars, are a global concern, especially when former military bases are redeveloped for housing or other civilian uses. Internationally, there are the added challenges of cleanup of battlegrounds and minefields. Experts estimate that the United States alone could spend between $50-250 billion to clean up these sites, many of which are in areas of high population density, where the demand for land for development is high.

This book is unique in providing detailed guidance for cleaning up military ordnance sites - listing explosives, chemical warfare materials and breakdown products which can contaminate soil and groundwater and the tests needed to detect them, as well as cleanup techniques. Also included are remote sensing techniques, geophysical techniques, safety issues, the particular challenges of chemical weapons, etc. The author illustrates these techniques with case studies, including former battlegrounds in Europe and Asia, storage and waste disposal sites in Russia and former Soviet territories, and an extended study of the remediation of the large and complex Spring Valley site in the District of Columbia, .

The second edition has been fully revised and updated, and also includes new and expanded sections on:

geophysical techniques for discovering buried ordnance

underwater sites and remediation techniques

use of robotics, including remotely operated vehicles

compliance and regulatory issues

guidance documents from US Department of Defense and other sources

The focus on test procedures, environmental remediation techniques, and learning from past case studies, makes Albright s book the most comprehensive and practical guide on the market for a topic of international importance.
The only book available with clear and complete guidance for the cleanup of military ordnance sites and battlefields.

The author illustrates his recommendations with real world cases including Spring Valley, DC, former battlegrounds in Europe and Asia, and storage and waste disposal sites in Russia and other former Soviet states.

An essential reference for the test and environmental remediation procedures required to put former military sites back in to civilian use (e.g. housing).

30% revision, with key updates concerning regulatory changes, US Dept of Defense guidance documents, use of robotic vehicles, underwater sites and discovery of buried ordnance. "