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Books > History > Australasian & Pacific history > General
When most of us imagine an Australian convict we see an Englishman
or an Irish lass transported for stealing a loaf of bread or a
scrap of cloth. Contrary to this popular image, however, Australian
penal settlements were actually far more ethnically diverse,
comprising individuals transported from British colonies throughout
the world. As Kristyn Harman shows in Aboriginal Convicts, there
were also a surprising number of indigenous convicts transported
from different British settlements, including ninety Aboriginal
convicts from all over Australia, thirty-four Khoisan from the Cape
Colony (South Africa) and six Maori from New Zealand. These men and
women were taken prisoner in the context of the frontier wars over
their lands, and shipped to penal colonies in Norfolk Island,
Cockatoo Island and Van Diemen's Land. Through painstaking original
research this book uncovers their life stories, which have often
been overlooked by or erased from the grand narratives of British
and Australian colonial history. Their often-tragic stories not
only shed light on the experience of native peoples on the
frontier, but on the specific experiences of Indigenous defendants
within the British legal system and on the incidence of aboriginal
deaths in custody in nineteenth century. Importantly, the book
shows the Australian penal colonies in their global political
context: as places constantly being reshaped by changing forces of
the British Empire as well a ready influx of new people, goods and
ideas. It finally puts to rest the notion that there were no
Aboriginal convicts.
The question is as searing as it is fundamental to the continuing
debate over Japanese culpability in World War II and the period
leading up to it: "How could Japanese soldiers have committed such
acts of violence against Allied prisoners of war and Chinese
civilians?" During the First World War, the Japanese fought on the
side of the Allies and treated German POWs with respect and
civility. In the years that followed, under Emperor Hirohito,
conformity was the norm and the Japanese psyche became one of
selfless devotion to country and emperor; soon Japanese soldiers
were to engage in mass murder, rape, and even cannibalization of
their enemies. Horror in the East examines how this drastic change
came about. On the basis of never-before-published interviews with
both the victimizers and the victimized, and drawing on
never-before-revealed or long-ignored archival records, Rees
discloses the full horror of the war in the Pacific, probing the
supposed Japanese belief in their own racial superiority, analyzing
a military that believed suicide to be more honorable than
surrender, and providing what the Guardian calls "a powerful,
harrowing account of appalling inhumanity...impeccably researched."
The Oxford Studies in Postcolonial Literatures series offers
stimulating and accessible introductions to definitive topics and
key genres and regions within the rapidly diversifying field of
postcolonial literary studies in English.
The first book of its kind, Pacific Islands Writing offers a
broad-ranging introduction to the postcolonial literatures of the
Pacific region. Drawing upon metaphors of oceanic voyaging,
Michelle Keown takes the reader on a discursive journey through a
variety of literary and cultural contexts in the Pacific, exploring
the Indigenous literatures of Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia,
and also investigating a range of European or Western writing about
the Pacific, from the adventure fictions of Herman Melville, R. L.
Stevenson, and Jack London to the Pakeha European) settler
literatures of Aotearoa/New Zealand. The book explores the
relevance of 'international' postcolonial theoretical paradigms to
a reading of Pacific literatures, but it also offers a
region-specific analysis of key authors and texts, drawing upon
Indigenous Pacific literary theories, and sketching in some of the
key socio-historical trajectories that have inflected Pacific
writing. Well-established Indigenous Pacific authors such as Albert
Wendt, Witi Ihimaera, Alan Duff, and Patricia Grace are considered
alongside emerging writers such as Sia Figiel, Caroline
Sinavaiana-Gabbard, and Dan Taulapapa McMullin. The book focuses
primarily upon Pacific literature in English - the language used by
the majority of Pacific writers - but also breaks new ground in
examining the growing corpus of francophone and hispanophone
writing in French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Easter Island/Rapa
Nui.
Charles Ulm and Charles Kingsford Smith were the original pioneers
of Australian aviation. Together they succeeded in a number of
record-breaking flights that made them instant celebrities in
Australia and around the world: the first east-to-west crossing of
the Pacific, the first trans-Tasman flight, Australia to New
Zealand, the first flight from New Zealand to Australia. Business
ventures followed for them, as they set up Australian National
Airways in late 1928. Smithy was the face of the airline, happier
in the cockpit or in front of an audience than in the boardroom.
Ulm on the other hand was in his element as managing director. Ulm
had the tenacity and organisational skills, yet Smithy had the
charisma and the public acclaim. In 1932, Kingsford Smith received
a knighthood for his services to flying, Ulm did not. Business
setbacks and dramas followed, as Ulm tried to develop the embryonic
Australian airline industry. ANA fought hard against the young
Qantas, already an establishment favourite, but a catastrophic
crash on the airline's regular route from Sydney to Melbourne and
the increasing bite of the Great Depression forced ANA's bankruptcy
in 1933. Desperate to drum up publicity for a new airline venture,
Ulm's final flight was meant to demonstrate the potential for a
regular trans-Pacific passenger service. Somewhere between San
Francisco and Hawaii his plane, Stella Australis, disappeared. No
trace of the plane or crew were ever found. In the years since his
death, attention has focused more and more on Smithy, leaving Ulm
neglected and overshadowed. This biography will attempt to rectify
that, showing that Ulm was at least Smithy's equal as a flyer, and
in many ways his superior as a visionary, as an organiser and as a
businessman. His untimely death robbed Australia of a huge talent.
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