As noted in Volume 1, the Yearbook series alternates between a biennial volume tracing recent theological discussions on topics in bioethics and a biennial volume tracing recent regional discussions in bioethics. Volume 2 provides for the first time a comprehensive single-volume summary of recent international and regional developments on specific topics in bioethics. To give uniformity to the discussions all authors were asked to report on the following topics: new reproductive technologies, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, case of severely disabled newborns, consent of treatment and experimentation, confidentiality, equitable access to health care, ethical concerns raised by cost-containment measures, decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, organ donation and transplantation. The internationally respected contributors report on the following 16 areas: the United States, Canada, Latin America, the United Kingdom and Ireland, France, the Netherlands, Germany/Austria/Switzerland, Eastern Europe, Spain/Portugal/Italy/Scandinavia, India, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Australia/New Zealand, Council of Europe/EEC. The commentators draw on three sets of resources: Statutes, legislative proposals, and regulatory changes that directly influence, or have implications for, areas of bioethical concern; Case law and court judgments that shape, either decisively or suggestively, recent legal interpretations of particular issues of areas in bioethics; Formal statements of governmentally appointed commissions, advisory bodies, and representative professional groups, as well as less formal statements and recommendations of other organisations. In addition to providing timely summaries of recent developments, the volume offers rich and useful bibliographical references to a wide array of documents, many of which would be difficult for readers to learn about, given the lack of centralized international collection of such documents. The Yearbook should be widely consulted by all bioethicists, public policy analysts, lawyers and theologians.

The ability to conduct measurements on living organisms and systems has developed at a momentous rate concurrent with changes in technology over recent years. Measurement plays a vital role in developing our understanding of biological processes and in furthering our ability to understand and then treat illnesses and injuries. However, in conducting measurements on living organisms the information we collect comes in many different guises, is variable and the measurand is often unstable. Understanding these complexities is fundamental to biological and biomedical measurement. This concise encyclopedia therefore contains more than a comprehensive survey of the measurement systems. It includes also descriptions of the biological systems and subsystems so that the way in which decisions are made on measurement for a given application can be understood more easily. The encyclopedia contains specially commissioned articles and updated and revised articles from the acclaimed "Systems & Control Encyclopedia." A vast array of disciplines are covered in this concise, comprehensive single volume, which will be a vital reference tool for practitioners in the area, measurement experts moving into the biological and biomedical field and beginners needing to understand methods of measurement and the complexities of the measurand.

Containing over 60 articles specially written for this work or revised from the highly acclaimed "Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering," the "Concise Encyclopedia of Medical & Dental Materials" presents, in a single volume, the work of nearly 70 world experts on the current techniques and applications of materials which have been specially developed to satisfy the increasing needs of medical and dental science. Alphabetically arranged, articles cover the basic materials used including prostheses, implants, sutures and wound dressings. The biocompatibility, wear, corrosion and surface properties of the materials are also covered, as well as the mechanics of their implantation, adhesion and repair. Each article is extensively cross-referenced to other related topics and a bibliography is included referring readers to other appropriate current literature. Widely illustrated and complemented by a comprehensive three-level subject index, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date survey of dental and medical materials available in a single volume.

Live better for longer with this ultimate guide to longevity from the bestselling author of How Not to Die.

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Brimming with expertise, How Not to Age lays out practical strategies for living your longest, healthiest life – and for enjoying every moment of it.

Prep for the MCAT on the go with 1000 essential flashcards to help you master the material and score higher on Test Day. Kaplan's MCAT Flashcards is the definitive source for coverage of the terms, definitions, and concepts on the test. The Best Review 230 Behavioral Sciences terms, definitions, and concepts, from parts of the brain to health disparities 187 Biochemistry terms, definitions, and concepts, from protein folding to inborn errors of metabolism 247 Biology terms, definitions, and concepts, from anatomy to evolution 143 General Chemistry terms, definitions, and concepts, from atomic structure to thermochemistry 90 Organic Chemistry terms, definitions, and concepts, from carboxylic acid derivatives to spectroscopy 103 Physics terms, definitions, and concepts, from Newtonian mechanics to nuclear phenomena Expert Guidance We know the test: The Kaplan MCAT team has spent years studying every MCAT-related document available. Kaplan's expert psychometricians ensure our practice questions and study materials are true to the test.

Make sense of complex medical terms with this comprehensive reference! Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 11th Edition includes more than 56,000 authoritative definitions along with 2,450 illustrations - that's twice the number of images found in other medical dictionaries. Appendixes in the book and online make it easy to look up frequently used information, and an enhanced eBook version includes animations, audio pronunciations, and more. Helping you communicate more effectively in the workplace, this reference is an indispensable reference for students, nurses, and healthcare professionals. More than 56,000 entries offer detailed definitions, as well as the latest information on pathophysiology, treatment and interventions, and nursing care. More than 2,450 color photographs and line drawings demonstrate and explain complex conditions and abstract concepts. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy includes clearly labeled drawings for easy A&P reference. Convenient alphabetical organization makes it easy to find key terms and definitions. Detailed appendixes provide useful information on lab values, pharmacology and clinical calculations, NIC and NOC, infection control standards, and more that can be used throughout your healthcare career. NEW! Approximately 5,000 new and revised definitions reflect the latest developments in health care, drugs, and nursing terminology. NEW! Approximately 500 new and updated illustrations are included. NEW! Enhanced eBook includes linked audio pronunciations, animations, and integrated reference tables. NEW information on population health is included. NEW! Significant revisions of pharmacology content bring this information up to date. NEW! Added pronunciations are provided in this edition.

A "Springer Series on Medical Education" book

"This is a book about the origins, design, implementation, and effects of the [Primary Care Curriculum at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine]. It is also so much more. It is a first-person account of a moving human experience, in which somes deeply caring people search for ways to provide a humane, effective learning experience for students who are seen as preparing to be practitioners of a humane, changing profession....In the 1920s, Gertrude Stein observed that the United States was now the oldest country in the world, for it was the first to join the twentieth century. Perhaps, we must now view the University of New Mexico's PCC as among the oldest programs in medical education, for it may prove to have been one of the first to join the twenty-first century."--Hilliard Jason, MD, EdD, Director, National Center for Faculty Development in the Health Professions, University of Miami School of Medicine

When confronted by the concerns of human sexual function or dys function, American medicine finds itself well impaled on the horns of a dilemma. Currently it is acceptable medical practice to treat sexual dysfunctions, disorders, or dissatisfactions that arise from psy chogenic etiologies, endocrine imbalances, neurologic defects or are side effects of necessary medication regimes. In addition, implanta tion of penile prostheses in cases of organic impotence is an increas ingly popular surgical procedure. These clinical approaches to sexual inadequacies, accepted by medicine since 1970, represent one horn of the dilemma. The opposite horn pictures the medical profession firmly backed into a corner by cultural influences. For example, when hospital admissions occur, a significant portion of the routine medical history is the section on system review. A few questions are asked about the cardio-respiratory, the genito-urinary, and the gastro-intestinal sys tems. But in a preponderance of hospitals no questions are permitted or, if raised, answers are not recorded about human sexual functioning. Physicians tend to forget that they are victims of cultural imposition first and of professional training a distant second."

The encounter between patient and physician may be characterized as the focus of medicine. As such, the patient-physician relationship, or more accurately the conduct of patients and physicians, has been the subject of considerable comment, inquiry, and debate throughout the centuries. The issues and concerns discussed, apart from those more specifically related to medical theory and therapy, range from matters of etiquette to profound questions of philosophical and moral interest. This discourse is impressive with respect both to its duration and content. Contemporary scholars and laypeople have made their contribution to these long-standing discussions. In addition, they have actively addressed those distinctively modern issues that have arisen as a result of increased medical knowledge, improved technology, and changing cultural and moral expectation. The concept of the patient-physician rela tionship that supposedly provides a framework for the conduct of patients and physicians seemingly has taken on a life of its own, inviolable, and subject to norms particular to it. The essays in this volume elucidate the nature of the patient-physician relationship, its character, and moral norms appropriate to it. The purpose of the collection is to enhance our understanding of that context, which many consider to be the focus of the entire medical enterprise. The con tributors have not engaged in apologetics, polemics, homiletics, or em piricism."

This book has been specifically designed to help GP trainees pass the compulsory AKT examination. Each topic has been skilfully refined to correlate directly with primary care and the RCGP curriculum, revealing how and why critical appraisal and evidence based medicine are essential for good medical practice throughout a career as an independent, knowledgeable, caring and thoughtful general practitioner. It includes invaluable preparation suggestions and an overall outline of the AKT, an introduction to statistics and qualitative methods, quantitative methods, epidemiology, common research methods and outcomes, useful tests used in epidemiological studies, research ethics, measures of mortality and economic analyses. Each chapter features unique, topic specific questions to reinforce comprehension, with an entire final chapter devoted to sample questions, comprehensively testing expertise and developing confidence. Ideal for revision and self-examination, RCGP AKT: Research, Epidemiology and Statistics gives GP trainees vital edge when preparing for the AKT.

After putting down this weighty (in all senses of the word) collection, the reader, be she or he physician or social scientist, will (or at least should) feel uncomfortable about her or his taken-for-granted commonsense (therefore cultural) understanding of medicine. The editors and their collaborators show the medical leviathan, warts and all, for what it is: changing, pluralistic, problematic, powerful, provocative. What medicine proclaims itself to be - unified, scientific, biological and not social, non-judgmental - it is shown not to resemble very much. Those matters about which medicine keeps fairly silent, it turns out, come closer to being central to its clinical practice - managing errors and learning to conduct a shared moral dis course about mistakes, handling issues of competence and competition among biomedical practitioners, practicing in value-laden contexts on problems for which social science is a more relevant knowledge base than biological science, integrating folk and scientific models of illness in clinical communication, among a large number of highly pertinent ethnographic insights that illuminate medicine in the chapters that follow."

CATHOLIC PERSPECTIVES AND CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL MORALS A Catholic perspective on medical morals antedates the current world wide interest in medical and biomedical ethics by many centuries 5]. Discussions about the moral status of the fetus, abortion, contraception, and sterilization can be found in the writings of the Fathers and Doctors of the Church. Teachings on various aspects of medical morals were scattered throughout the penitential books of the early medieval church and later in more formal treatises when moral theology became recog nized as a distinct discipline. Still later, medical morality was incorpor ated into the many pastoral works on medicine. Finally, in the contemporary period, works that strictly focus on medical ethics are produced by Catholic moral theologians who have special interests in matters medical. Moreover, this long tradition of teaching has been put into practice in the medical moral directives governing the operation of hospitals under Catholic sponsorship. Catholic hospitals were monitored by Ethics Committees long before such committees were recommended by the New Jersey Court in the Karen Ann Quinlan case or by the President's Commission in 1983 ( 8, 9]). Underlying the Catholic moral tradition was the use of the casuistic method, which since the 17th and 18th centuries was employed by Catholic moralists to study and resolve concrete clinical ethical dilem mas. The history of casuistry is of renewed interest today when the case method has become so widely used in the current revival of interest in medical ethics ll]."

Medicine, morals and money have, for centuries, lived in uneasy cohabitation. Dwelling in the social institution of care of the sick, each needs the other, yet each is embarrassed to admit the other's presence. Morality, in particular, suffers embarrassment, for it is often required to explain how money and medicine are not inimical. Throughout the history of Western medicine, morality's explanations have been con sistently ambiguous. Pla.o held that the physician must cultivate the art of getting paid as well as the art of healing, for even if the goal of medicine is healing and not making money, the self-interest of the craftsman is satisfied thereby [4]. Centuries later, a medieval medical moralist, Henri de Mandeville, said: "The chief object of the patient ... is to get cured ... the object of the surgeon, on the other hand, is to obtain his money ... ([5], p. 16). This incompatibility, while general, is not universal. Throughout history, medical practitioners have resolved the problem - either in conscience or to their satisfaction. Some physicians have been so reluctant to make a profit from the ills of those whom they treated that they preferred to live in poverty. Samuel Johnson described his friend, Dr. Robert Levet, a Practiser of Physic: No summons mock'd by chill delay, No petty gain disdain'd by pride; The modest wants of ev'ry day The toil of ev'ry day supplied [3].

This book constitutes a status report on health conditions (including nutrition and freshwater supply) in the Pacific Island Nations. The report is based on investigations carried out over the past decade by the Pacific Science Association and includes ethnic, demographic, historic, economic, political, climatological and ecological aspects. As such, it will serve as an important decision-making tool with respect to criteria for future development, taking into account the very special carrying capacities of the island territories concerned.

Before a separate Department of Medical Humanities was formed, the editors of this volume were faculty members of the Department of Pediatrics at our medical school. Colleagues daily spoke of the moral and social problems of children's health care. Our offices were near the examining rooms where children had their bone-marrow procedures done. Since this is a painful test, we often heard them cry. The hospital floor where the sickest children stayed was also nearby. The physicians, nurses, and social workers believed that children's health care needs were not being met and that more could and should be done. Fewer resources are available for a child than for an adult with a comparable illness, they said. These experiences prompted us to prepare this volume and to ask whether children do get their fair share of the health care dollar. Since the question "What kind of health care do we owe to our children?" is complex, responses should be rooted in many disciplines. These include philosophy, law, public policy and, of course, the health professions. Representing all of these disciplines, contributors to this volume reflect on moral and social issues in children's health care. The last hundred years have brought great changes in health care tor children. The specialty of pediatrics developed during this period, and with it, a new group of advocates for children's health care. Women's suffrage gave a political boost to the recognition of children's special health needs.