TREATISE LEONARDO DA VINCI. Originally published in 1877. PREFACE: Vll ono was Issued by Messrs. Nichols and Son, to which was added a Life of Leonardo by Mr. John William Brown. This gentleman had the privilege of constant admittance not only to the private library of his Imperial and Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Tuscany, but also to his most rare and valuable collection of Manuscripts in the Palazzo Pitti, where ho was permitted to copy from the original docttments and correspondence whatever he con ceived useful to Ms subject. He was enabled to produce what was then the most trustworthy Life of Leonardo that had over appeared. Since that time many new biographies of Leonardo have been written, of which ono of the most important is that by Signor Gustavo TIzielli. The 1835 edition of the Treatise on Painting has long been scarce, It is now reprinted, and the more recent facts which have boon discovered concerning the life of Leonardo, and a full account of Ms manuscripts and his acknowledged paintings have been added. Nicholas Poussins drawings and Albertis designs are reproduced, and great pains have boon taken to make Leonardos work as useful as possible to students of Art. John Francis Bigaud, the translator of the Trattato della Pittura, was born of French parents at Turin, in 1742. His father, who was a merchant, intended his son to follow Ms profession but young Bigaud evinced so strong a talent for painting, that he was allowed to follow his own desires. After he had received good instruction in art from Choralier Beaumont, principal painter to the King of Sardinia, Bigaud travelled much, in Italy, and stayed more especially in Homo, Parma, and in Bologna, where, in 1760, ho was elected a member of tho Olomontino Academy. In 1772, Ragatid loft Italy and wont to Pann, where he remained but a short time Ho then camo to England, and gained much praise for IUH picture of Hercules. In the November of tho year of his arrival ho was elected an Associate of tho Royal Academy, and In 1784 he became a full mombor. With tho exception of a journey on the Continent, I igaud spent tho rest of his life in England. Ho died in 181,0, at Packing-ton, irt Warwickshire, the seat of tho Karl of Aylosford, his obiof patron. In tho parish church at Pacldngton is an alte r-pi0e painted by Itigaud for tho Karl of Aylosford - no to worthy from, the circumstance that it m mipponod to bo tho first work executed in fresco in thifli country. Among other honours in art, Iltgaud was mado a Mem ber of th Royal Academy of Stockholm, and Painter to the King of Sweden. Contents include: THE LIFE OF LEONARDO DA VINCI ... ... xi BE A WING Proportion, ., ... ... ... 1 Anatomy .., ... .. ... ... 10 Motion and Equipoise of Figures ... ... ... 20 Linear Perspective ... .. ... ... 37 INVENTION, OB COMPOSITION ... ... ... ... 45 Expression and Character, ... ... 63 LIGHT AND SHADOW ... ... ... ... ... 67 Contrast and Effect ... ... ... ... 80 Betoes ... ... ... ... ... 81 COLOUBS AND COLOUBING ... .. ... 87 Colours in regard to Light and Shadow ... ... 100 Colours in regard to Back-grounds ... ... 106 Contrast, Harmony, and Eeflexes in regard to Colours 108 Perspective of Colours . M ... ... . . . 1 M Aerial Perspective, .. . 125 X CONTENTS. IAOK MISCELLANEOUS OBSEBVATIONS ... ... ... 135 Landscape, etc, ... ... ... ... 135 GENBBAL INDEX ... ... ... ... ... 157 APPENDIX I. Manuscripts of Leonardoda Vinci ... ... 178 II. Classified Catalogue of Ms principal Paintings Holy families, Madonnas, etc. ... ... 170 Sacred Historical Subjects ... .. 197 Classical Subjects ... ... ... ... 204 Historical Subjects .. ... ... 209 Portraits ... ... ... ... ... J10 Pictures Lost or Missing ..., , S g III...

In this book, Hilda Llorens offers a ground-breaking study of images-photographs, postcards, paintings, posters, and films-about Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans made by American and Puerto Rican image-makers between 1890 and 1990. Through illuminating discussions of artists, images, and social events, the book offers a critical analysis of the power-laden cultural and historic junctures imbricated in the creation of re-presentations of Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans by Americans ("outsiders") and Puerto Ricans ("insiders") during an historical epoch marked by the twin concepts of "modernization" and "progress." The study excavates the ways in which colonial power and resistance to it have shaped representations of Puerto Rico and its people. Hilda Llorens demonstrates how nation, race, and gender figure in representation, and how these representations in turn help shape the discourses of nation, race, and gender. Imaging The Great Puerto Rican Family masterfully illustrates that as significant actors in the shaping of national conceptions of history image-makers have created iconic symbols deeply enmeshed in an "emotional aesthetics of nation." The book proposes that images as important conveyers of knowledge and information are a fertile data site. At the same time, Llorens underscores how colonial modernity turned global, the conceptual framework informing the analysis, not only calls attention to the national and global networks in which image-makers have been a part of, and by which they have been influenced, but highlights the manners by which technologies of imaging and "seeing" have been prime movers as well as critics of modernity.

This second volume in a series of studies on The Colonial Economy of NSW covers one of the most important economic drivers of the colonial period - the commissariat of NSW. This series relates the key aspects of the economic history of NSW and essential that of early Australia. Starting in 1788, the series is a retrospective on the colonial economy (volume 1) followed by research of the two main economic drivers of the period - the commissariat (volume 2) and the Government Business Enterprises (volume 3). This innovative and well researched series leads to interesting conclusions about the era, which will create long discussions about the true role of this British penal settlement in 1788.

This book investigates the interconnections between textile and architecture via a variety of case studies from the Middle Ages through the twentieth century and from diverse geographic contexts. Among the oldest human technologies, building and weaving have intertwined histories. Textile structures go back to Palaeolithic times and are still in use today and textile furnishings have long been used in interiors. Beyond its use as a material, textile has offered a captivating model and metaphor for architecture through its ability to enclose, tie together, weave, communicate, and adorn. Recently, architects have shown a renewed interest in the textile medium due to the use of computer-aided design, digital fabrication, and innovative materials and engineering. The essays edited and compiled here, work across disciplines to provide new insights into the enduring relationship between textiles and architecture. The contributors critically explore the spatial and material qualities of textiles as well as cultural and political significance of textile artifacts, patterns, and metaphors in architecture. Textile in Architecture is organized into three sections: "Ritual Spaces," which examines the role of textiles in the formation and performance of socio-political, religious, and civic rituals; "Public and Private Interiors" explores how textiles transformed interiors corresponding to changing aesthetics, cultural values, and material practices; and "Materiality and Material Translations," which considers textile as metaphor and model in the materiality of built environment. Including cases from Morocco, Samoa, France, India, UK, Spain, the Ancient Andes and the Ottoman Empire, this is essential reading for any student or researcher interested in textiles in architecture through the ages.

The papers in this volume deal with the design of many types of buildings in Islamic countries and the influence that these structural forms have had in non-Islamic countries. Coverage will also include construction materials.There is much to learn from past experiences to arrive at solutions that are environmentally sound and sustainable in the long term. As conventional energy resources become scarce, the Islamic design heritage can offer invaluable lessons on how to deal with difficult and extreme environments in an efficient manner. Traditional architecture and urban environment in most Islamic countries is now being eroded by overemphasis on global type of architecture and city planning. Consequently, many regions are losing their identity. The papers review these developments in the light of what the classical Islamic urban designs and architectures have to offer modern society.The papers in this book cover such topics as: Architectural conservation; Architectural heritage; Architecture in Malaysia and Indonesia; Climate adaptability; Conservation and restoration; Historical aspects; Houses and gardens; Islamic art and globalisation; Mosques and minarets; Ottoman Istanbul; Schools; The African Coast; The Islamic urban environment; The Mediterranean region; The use of light; Vernacular architecture; Wood and wooden roofs. The contents will be of interest to all researchers, practitioners and government employees actively involved with Islamic Heritage Architecture.