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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Life sciences: general issues > Genetics (non-medical)
Integration and Visualization of Gene Selection and Gene Regulatory
Networks for Cancer Genome helps readers identify and select the
specific genes causing oncogenes. The book also addresses the
validation of the selected genes using various classification
techniques and performance metrics, making it a valuable source for
cancer researchers, bioinformaticians, and researchers from diverse
fields interested in applying systems biology approaches to their
studies.
This is the first detailed assessment of the development and
implementation of social policy to deal with the problem of the
`mentally deficient' in Britain between 1870 and 1959. Mathew
Thomson analyses all the factors involved in the policy-making
process, beginning with the politics of the legislature and showing
how the demands of central government were interpreted by local
authorities, resulting in a wide and varied distribution of
medical, institutional, and community care in different parts of
the country. The efforts of health professionals, voluntary
organizations and the families themselves are considered, alongside
questions about the influence of changing concepts of class,
gender, and citizenship. The author queries the belief that the
policy of segregation was largely unsuccessful, and reveals a
hitherto unrecognized system of care in the community. He reframes
our understanding of the campaign for sterilization and examines
why British policy-makers avoided extremist measures such as the
compulsory sterilization introduced in Germany and parts of the US
during this period. Thomson shows that the problem of mental
deficiency cannot be understood simply in terms of eugenics but
must also be considered as part of the process of adjusting to
democracy in the twentieth century.
Molecular-Genetic and Statistical Techniques for Behavioral and
Neural Research presents the most exciting molecular and
recombinant DNA techniques used in the analysis of brain function
and behavior, a critical piece of the puzzle for clinicians,
scientists, course instructors and advanced undergraduate and
graduate students. Chapters examine neuroinformatics, genetic and
neurobehavioral databases and data mining, also providing an
analysis of natural genetic variation and principles and
applications of forward (mutagenesis) and reverse genetics (gene
targeting). In addition, the book discusses gene expression and its
role in brain function and behavior, along with ethical issues in
the use of animals in genetics testing. Written and edited by
leading international experts, this book provides a clear
presentation of the frontiers of basic research as well as
translationally relevant techniques that are used by
neurobehavioral geneticists.
This book marries stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and
regenerative biology into a single, interdisciplinary volume. The
chapters also explore embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent
stem cells, cardiovascular regeneration, skeletal development,
inflammation, polymeric biomaterials, neural injury, cartilage
regeneration, regeneration in ambystoma, models for regeneration
using salamander and zebrafish, and more. The volume also discusses
recent advances and their potential in developing future therapies.
Innovations in Molecular Mechanisms and Tissue Engineering combines
perspectives from the biomedical, bioengineering, and medical
fields to present a cutting-edge, multifaceted picture of the
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. This
installment of Springer's Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative
Medicine series is ideal for scientists, clinicians, and
researchers in the fields of stem cell biology, regenerative
medicine, biomedical engineering, and tissue engineering.
This astute volume brings together the latest expert research on
adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs). ACPs are histologically
benign but clinically aggressive tumors exhibiting a high
propensity for local invasion into the hypothalamus, optic and
vascular structures. These tumors, as well as the current
treatments, may result in pan-hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus,
morbid obesity followed by type II diabetes mellitus, blindness, as
well as serious behavioral and psychosocial impairments. Exploring
in detail advances in both the understanding of tumor biology as
well as clinical advances in patient management are explored in
detail, this book will also look towards potential new treatment
approaches. Basic Research and Clinical Aspects of Adamantinomatous
Craniopharyngioma is the first book compiling all current research
on ACPs. Mouse and human studies have unequivocally demonstrated
that mutations in CTNNB1 encoding -catenin underlie the etiology of
the majority, if not all ACP tumors. Genetic studies in mice have
shown that ACPs are tumors of the pituitary gland and not of the
hypothalamus as previously thought, and are derived from Rathke's
pouch precursors. In addition, a role for tissue-specific adult
pituitary stem cells has been revealed as causative of ACP.
Together, these studies have provided novel insights into the
molecular and cellular etiology as well as the pathogenesis of
human ACP. Finally, this volume covers new treatment approaches
that have been shown to be effective both in reducing ACP burden as
well as reducing the morbidity associated with therapy.
Privacy is a fundamental concern of all individuals in the modern
information-driven society, but information security goes beyond
digital and data-oriented approaches to include the basic
components of what makes us human. Protecting the Genetic Self from
Biometric Threats: Autonomy, Identity, and Genetic Privacy
considers all aspects of privacy and security relating to an
individual's DNA. With a concentration on fundamental human rights
as well as specific cases and examples, this essential reference
brings pertinent, real-world information to researchers,
scientists, and advocates for greater security and privacy in the
modern world.
Before Mendel, who came closest to the truth about heredity? This book examines the activities of sheep breeders able to transform the appearance and qualities of their stock by combining different traits of body or wool into new patterns. Exploiting what were then untried procedures - individual trait selection, very close inbreeding and progeny testing - they demonstrated inheritance from both sexes and showed how it could be stabilised. Major advances in breeding are associated with the English farmer Robert Bakewell (1725-1795). By the following century, when the same procedures had been established at breeding centres in central Europe, theory as well as practice became the subject of wider attention. In the Brno Sheep Breeders' Society, discussions of patterns of heredity finally gave way to the physiological question, 'What is inherited and how?' The question was posed by Cyrill Napp, abbot of the monastery to which Mendel was admitted six years later.
This book includes papers presented at the 2017 Joint meeting of
Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section and Protein Crops Working
Group of EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section. The theme of the
meeting "Breeding Grasses and Protein Crops in the Era of Genomics"
has been divided into six parts: (1) Utilisation of genetic
resources and pre-breeding, (2) Genetic improvement of quality and
agronomic traits, (3) Breeding for enhanced stress tolerance (4)
Implementation of phenomics and biometrics, (5) Development of
genomic tools and bioinformatics and (6) Reports of Parallel
Sessions.
Peptidomics of Cancer-Derived Enzyme Products, Volume 42, the
latest in The Enzymes series, is ideal for researchers in
biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, pharmacology, and cancer,
with this volume featuring high-caliber, thematic articles on the
topic of peptidomics of cancer-derived enzyme products. Specific
chapters cover Circulating peptidome and tumor-resident
proteolysis, Colon tumor secretopeptidome, Chemoenzymatic method
for glycomics, Human plasma peptidome for pancreatic cancer,
Lipoproteomics and quantitative proteomics, Salivaomics: Protein
markers/extracellular RNA/DNA in saliva, and Enzyme-responsive
vectors for cancer therapy.
This volume brings together a set of reviews that provide a summary
of our current knowledge of the proteolytic machinery and of the
pathways of protein breakdown of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Intracellular protein degradation is much more than just a
mechanism for the removal of incorrectly folded or damaged
proteins. Since many short-lived proteins have important regulatory
functions, proteolysis makes a significant contribution to many
cellular processes including cell cycle regulation and
transciptional control. In addition, limited proteolytic cleavage
can provide a rapid and efficient mechanism of enzyme activation or
inactivation in eukaryotic cells.
In the first chapter, Maurizi provides an introduction to
intracellular protein degradation, describes the structure and
functions of bacterial ATP-dependent proteases, and explores the
relationship between chaperone functions and protein degradation.
Many of the principles also apply to eukaryotic cells, although the
proteases involved are often not the same. Interestingly,
homologues of one of the bacterial proteases, Ion protease, have
been found in mitochondria in yeast and mammals, and homologues of
proteasomes, which are found in all eukaryotic cells (see below),
have been discovered in some eubacteria.
Studies of proteolysis in yeast have contributed greatly to the
elucidation of both lysosomal (vacuolar) and nonlysosomal
proteolytic pathways in eukaryotic cells. Thumm and Wolf (chapter
2) describe studies that have elucidated the functions of
proteasomes in nonlysosomal proteolysis and the contributions of
lysosomal proteases to intracellular protein breakdown. Proteins
can be selected for degradation by a variety of differen
mechanisms. The ubiquitin system is one complex and highly
regulated mechanism by which eukaryotic proteins are targetted for
degradation by proteosomes. In chapter 3, Wilkinson reviews the
components and functions of the ubiquitin system and considers some
of the known substrates for this pathway which include cell cycle
and transcriptional regulators.
The structure and functions of proteosomes and their regulatory
components are described in the two subsequent chapters by Tanaka
and Tanahashi and by Dubiel and Rechsteiner. Proteasomes were the
first known example of threonine proteases. They are multisubunit
complexes that, in addition to being responsible for the turnover
of most short-lived nuclear and cytoplasmic protein, are also
involved in antigen processing for presentation by the MHC class I
pathway. Recent studies reviewed by McCracken and colleagues
(chapter 6) lead to the exciting conclusion that some ER-associated
proteins are degraded by cytosolic proteasomes.
Lysosomes are responsible for the degradation of long-lived
proteins and for the enhanced protein degradation observed under
starvation conditions. In chapter 7 Knecht and colleagues review
the lysosomal proteases and describe studies of the roles of
lysosomes and the mechanisms for protein uptake into lysosomes.
Methods of measuring the relative contribution of different
proteolytic systems (e.g., ubiquitin-proteasome pathway,
calcium-dependent proteases, lysosomes) to muscle protein
degradation, and the conclusions from such studies, are reviewed by
Attai and Taillinder in the following chapter.
Finally, proteases play an important role in signaling apoptosis by
catalyzing the limited cleavage of enzymes. Mason and Beyette
review the role of the major players, caspases, which are both
activated by and catalyze limite proteolysis, and also consider the
involvement of other protoelytic enzymes in this pathway leading
cell death.
This invaluable resource discusses clinical applications with
effects and side-effects of applications of stem cells in liver,
lung and heart regeneration. All chapters are contributed by
pre-eminent scientists in the field and covers such topics as cell
therapy in the treatment of cirrhosis and other liver, heart and
lung diseases, characteristics of hepatic progenitor cells, future
directions of the discussed therapies and much more. Liver, Lung
and Heart Regeneration and the other books in the Stem Cells in
Clinical Applications series will be invaluable to scientists,
researchers, advanced students and clinicians working in stem
cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering.
Bioremediation refers to the clean-up of pollution in soil,
groundwater, surface water, and air using typically microbiological
processes. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants
to degrade, transform or detoxify hazardous substances to human
health or the environment. For bioremediation to be effective,
microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert
them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only
where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and action,
its application often involves the management of ecological factors
to allow microbial growth and degradation to continue at a faster
rate. Like other technologies, bioremediation has its limitations.
Some contaminants, such as chlorinated organic or high aromatic
hydrocarbons, are resistant to microbial attack. They are degraded
either gradually or not at all, hence, it is not easy to envisage
the rates of clean-up for bioremediation implementation.
Bioremediation represents a field of great expansion due to the
important development of new technologies. Among them, several
decades on metagenomics expansion has led to the detection of
autochthonous microbiota that plays a key role during
transformation. Transcriptomic guides us to know the expression of
key genes and proteomics allow the characterization of proteins
that conduct specific reactions. In this book we show specific
technologies applied in bioremediation of main interest for
research in the field, with special attention on fungi, which have
been poorly studied microorganisms. Finally, new approaches in the
field, such as CRISPR-CAS9, are also discussed. Lastly, it
introduces management strategies, such as bioremediation
application for managing affected environment and bioremediation
approaches. Examples of successful bioremediation applications are
illustrated in radionuclide entrapment and retardation, soil
stabilization and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
phenols, plastics or fluorinated compounds. Other emerging
bioremediation methods include electro bioremediation,
microbe-availed phytoremediation, genetic recombinant technologies
in enhancing plants in accumulation of inorganic metals, and
metalloids as well as degradation of organic pollutants,
protein-metabolic engineering to increase bioremediation
efficiency, including nanotechnology applications are also
discussed.
This invaluable resource discusses clinical applications with
effects and side-effects of applications of stem cells in diabetes,
kidney and wound treatment. All chapters are contributed by
pre-eminent scientists in the field and covers such topics as stem
cells and cell therapy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus,
kidney failure, wound and other skin aging diseases,
characteristics of some kinds of stem/progenitor cells for therapy,
future directions of the discussed therapies and much more.
Pancreas, Kidney and Skin Regeneration and the other books in the
Stem Cells in Clinical Applications series will be invaluable to
scientists, researchers, advanced students and clinicians working
in stem cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering.
DNA Repair Enzymes, Part A, Volume 591 is the latest volume in the
Methods in Enzymology series and the first part of a thematic that
focuses on DNA repair enzymes. Topics in this new release include
chapters on the Optimization of Native and Formaldehyde iPOND
Techniques for Use in Suspension Cells, the Proteomic Analyses of
the Eukaryotic Replication Machinery, DNA Fiber Analysis: Mind the
Gap!, Comet-FISH for Ultrasensitive Strand-Specific Detection of
DNA Damage in Single Cells, Examining DNA Double-Strand Break
Repair in a Cell Cycle-Dependent Manner, Base Excision Repair
Variants in Cancer, and Fluorescence-Based Reporters for Detection
of Mutagenesis in E. coli.
What will our lives be like fifty years from now? What will we know
about ourselves as humans, and how will that affect our lives? It's
impossible to know the future for certain, but one thing we do
know--perhaps nothing will alter our future more than the Genetics
Revolution of the past thirty-five years. This book clarifies the
history and examines the possible impact of five major areas of
genetic research:
- The Human Genome Project and genetic engineering
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) and the technology of
reproduction
- The Human Genome Diversity Project, which is studying the
variation of the human genome
- Embryonic stem-cell research
- Cloning
All of these areas of research produce two reactions among the
general public--hope for the improvement of people's lives, and
fear of science out of control. The Genetics Revolution examines
the scientific, social, and political impacts of the genetics on
everyday life--in the past, in the present, and in the future. Each
specific topic is contained within its own chapter for ease in
accessing specific information. This is an ideal resource for
students, teachers, and others preparing research papers. In
addition, it integrates science and social science topics in a way
that supports topics in the school curricula. The book contains
documented, current information that both supports and challenges
current thinking about genetics.
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