Essentials & Applications of Food Engineering provides a comprehensive understanding of food engineering operations and their practical and industrial utility. It presents pertinent case studies, solved numerical problems, and multiple choice questions in each chapter and serves as a ready reference for classroom teaching and exam preparations. The first part of this textbook contains the introductory topics on units and dimensions, material balance, energy balance, and fluid flow. The second part deals with the theory and applications of heat and mass transfer, psychrometry, and reaction kinetics. The subsequent chapters of the book present the heat and mass transfer operations such as evaporation, drying, refrigeration, freezing, mixing, and separation. The final section focuses on the thermal, non-thermal, and nanotechnology-based novel food processing techniques, 3D food printing, active and intelligent food packaging, and fundamentals of CFD modeling. Features Features 28 case studies to provide a substantial understanding of the practical and industrial applications of various food engineering operations Includes 178 solved numerical problems and 285 multiple choice questions Highlights the application of mass balance in food product traceability and the importance of viscosity measurement in a variety of food products Provides updated information on novel food processing techniques such as cold plasma, 3D food printing, nanospray drying, electrospraying, and electrospinning The textbook is designed for undergraduate and graduate students pursuing Food Technology and Food Process Engineering courses. This book would also be of interest to course instructors and food industry professionals.

Extended Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics provides powerful tools departing not from empirical or statistical considerations but from fundamental thermodynamic laws, proposing final solutions that are readily usable and recognizable for students, researchers and industry. The book deals with methods that allow combining easily the present theory with other fields of science, such as fluid and solid mechanics, heat and mass transfer processes, electricity and thermoelectricity, and so on. Not only are such combinations facilitated, but they are incorporated into the developments in such a way that they become part of the theory. This book aims at providing for a systematic presentation of Extended Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics in nanosystems with a high degree of applicability. Furthermore, the book deals with how physical properties of systems behave as a function of their size. Moreover, it provides for a systematic approach to understand the behavior of thermal, electrical, thermoelectric, photovoltaic and nanofluid properties in nanosystems. Experimental results are used to validate the theory, the comparison is analysed, justified and discussed, and the theory is then again used to understand better experimental observations. The new developments in this book, being recognizable in relation with familiar concepts, should make it appealing for academics and researchers to teach and apply and graduate students to use. The text in this book is intended to bring attention to how the theory can be applied to real-life applications in nanoscaled environments. Case studies, and applications of theories, are explored including thereby nanoporous systems, solar panels, nanomedicine drug permeation and properties of nanoporous scaffolds. Explores new generalized thermodynamic models Provides introductory context of Extended Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics within classical thermodynamics, theoretical fundamentals and several applications in nanosystems Provides for a systematic approach to understand the behavior of thermal, electric, thermoelectric and viscous properties as a function of several parameters in nanosystems Includes reflections to encourage the reader to think further and put the information into context Examines future developments of new constitutive equations and theories and places them in the framework of real-life applications in the energetic and medical sectors, such as photovoltaic and thermoelectric devices, nanoporous media, drug delivery and scaffolds

Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse provides a pathway for learning about statistical inference using data science tools widely used in industry, academia, and government. It introduces the tidyverse suite of R packages, including the ggplot2 package for data visualization, and the dplyr package for data wrangling. After equipping readers with just enough of these data science tools to perform effective exploratory data analyses, the book covers traditional introductory statistics topics like confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and multiple regression modeling, while focusing on visualization throughout. Features: Assumes minimal prerequisites, notably, no prior calculus nor coding experience Motivates theory using real-world data, including all domestic flights leaving New York City in 2013, the Gapminder project, and the data journalism website, FiveThirtyEight.com Centers on simulation-based approaches to statistical inference rather than mathematical formulas Uses the infer package for "tidy" and transparent statistical inference to construct confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests via the bootstrap and permutation methods Provides all code and output embedded directly in the text; also available in the online version at moderndive.com This book is intended for individuals who would like to simultaneously start developing their data science toolbox and start learning about the inferential and modeling tools used in much of modern-day research. The book can be used in methods and data science courses and first courses in statistics, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

This practical book provides instruction on how to conduct several "hands-on" experiments for laboratory demonstration in the teaching of heat transfer and fluid dynamics. It is an ideal resource for chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and engineering technology professors and instructors starting a new laboratory or in need of cost-effective and easy to replicate demonstrations. The book details the equipment required to perform each experiment (much of which is made up of materials readily available is most laboratories), along with the required experimental protocol and safety precautions. Background theory is presented for each experiment, as well as sample data collected by students, and a complete analysis and treatment of the data using correlations from the literature.

1. Enables first year mechanical engineering students to gain a core foundational knowledge in all key areas 2. Provides worked examples of exam-style questions 3. Includes chapters by leading experts experienced in teaching first year students in all disciplines of mechanical engineering 4. Gives a thorough grounding in the following core engineering topics: thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, dynamics, electricals and electronics, and materials science

DISTRICT COOLING: THEORY and PRACTICE provides a unique study of an energy cogeneration system, set up to bring chilled water to buildings (offices, apartment houses, and factories) needing cooling for air conditioning and refrigeration. In winter, the source for the cooling can often be sea water, so it is a cheaper resource than using electricity to run compressors for cooling. The related technology of District Heating has been an established engineering practice for many years, but District Cooling is a relatively new technology now being implemented in various parts of the world, including the USA, Arab Emirates and Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. Existing books in the area are scarce, and do not address many of the crucial issues facing nations with high overall air temperatures, many of which are developing District Cooling plans using sea water. DISTRICT COOLING: THEORY & PRACTICE integrates the theory behind district cooling planning with the practical engineering approaches, so it can serve the policy makers, engineers, and planners whose efforts have to be coordinated and closely managed to make such systems effective and affordable. In times of rising worldwide temperatures, District Cooling is a way to provide needed cooling with energy conservation and sustainability. This book will be the most up-to-date and comprehensive study on the subject, with Case Studies describing real projects in detail.

Developed in partnership between Skills2Learn and Cengage Learning, this highly interactive workbook can be used as a resource tool for all introductory renewable energy vocational qualifications and apprenticeships. This unique workbook is designed to consolidate learners' theoretical knowledge prior to undertaking practical workshop exercises. Heat Pumps provides learners with a thorough insight into renewable energies including the different types of heat and electricity producing technologies, the selection process, incentives and government policies. Part of the Renewable Energy Series, this unique write-in workbook can also be used alongside the Skills2Learn Heat Pumps virtual reality e-learning programme making this a first-of-its-kind, fully integrated blended learning solution.

This volume is dedicated to a very special person, Professor Gad Hetsroni (1934-2015). His towering figure was familiar to researchers in heat transfer and multiphase flow all over the world. He was the founding Editor of the International Journal of Multiphase Flow and the person who defined and promoted the discipline around the journal. The unique community formed in this field during his lifetime gathers every three years for a major conference, the International Conference on Multiphase Flow, that most recent was held in May 2016 in Florence, Italy. This was the first time ever Gad did not attend ICMF. Friends and colleagues from many countries came to Florence to present their personal tributes and scientific papers honoring Gad. Reviewed and edited tributes and scientific papers dedicated to Gad from these memorial sessions comprise the core content of this memorial volume; certain persons who could not participate in the ICMF made later contributions.

Microscale and Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Analysis, Design, and Applications features contributions from prominent researchers in the field of micro- and nanoscale heat transfer and associated technologies and offers a complete understanding of thermal transport in nano-materials and devices. Nanofluids can be used as working fluids in thermal systems; the thermal conductivity of heat transfer fluids can be increased by adding nanoparticles in fluids. This book provides details of experimental and theoretical investigations made on nanofluids for use in the biomechanical and aerospace industries. It examines the use of nanofluids in improving heat transfer rates, covers the numerical approaches for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of nanofluids, and reviews the experimental results of commonly used nanofluids dispersed in both spherical and nonspherical nanoparticles. It also focuses on current and developing applications of microscale and nanoscale convective heat transfer. In addition, the book covers a wide range of analysis that includes: Solid-liquid interface phonon transfer at the molecular level The validity of the continuum hypothesis and Fourier law in nanochannels Conventional methods of using molecular dynamics (MD) for heat transport problems The molecular dynamics approach to calculate interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) A review of experimental results in the field of heat pipes and two-phase flows in thermosyphons Microscale convective heat transfer with gaseous flow in ducts The application of the lattice Boltzmann method for thermal microflows A numerical method for resolving the problem of subcooled convective boiling flows in microchannel heat sinks Two-phase boiling flow and condensation heat transfer in mini/micro channels, and more Microscale and Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Analysis, Design, and Applications addresses the need for thermal packaging and management for use in cooling electronics and serves as a resource for researchers, academicians, engineers, and other professionals working in the area of heat transfer, microscale and nanoscale science and engineering, and related industries.

Compact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer Intensification: Low-Grade Heat and Fouling Mitigation provides theoretical and experimental background on heat transfer intensification in modern heat exchangers. Emphasizing applications in complex heat recovery systems for the process industries, this book: Covers various issues related to low-grade heat, including waste heat from industry and buildings, storage and transport of thermal energy, and heat transfer equipment requirements Explains the basic principles, terminology, and heat transfer aspects of compactness, as well as the concept of intensified heat area targets at process integration Pays special attention to the mitigation of fouling in heat exchangers and their systems, describing fouling deposition and threshold fouling mechanisms Delivers a thoughtful analysis of the economics of implementation, considering energy-capital trade-off, capital cost estimation, and energy prices Presents illustrative case studies of specific applications in food and chemical production plants Compact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer Intensification: Low-Grade Heat and Fouling Mitigation not only highlights key developments in compact heat exchangers, but also instills a practical knowledge of the latest process integration and heat transfer enhancement methodologies.

Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse provides a pathway for learning about statistical inference using data science tools widely used in industry, academia, and government. It introduces the tidyverse suite of R packages, including the ggplot2 package for data visualization, and the dplyr package for data wrangling. After equipping readers with just enough of these data science tools to perform effective exploratory data analyses, the book covers traditional introductory statistics topics like confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and multiple regression modeling, while focusing on visualization throughout. Features: Assumes minimal prerequisites, notably, no prior calculus nor coding experience Motivates theory using real-world data, including all domestic flights leaving New York City in 2013, the Gapminder project, and the data journalism website, FiveThirtyEight.com Centers on simulation-based approaches to statistical inference rather than mathematical formulas Uses the infer package for "tidy" and transparent statistical inference to construct confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests via the bootstrap and permutation methods Provides all code and output embedded directly in the text; also available in the online version at moderndive.com This book is intended for individuals who would like to simultaneously start developing their data science toolbox and start learning about the inferential and modeling tools used in much of modern-day research. The book can be used in methods and data science courses and first courses in statistics, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Featuring contributions by leading researchers in the field, Nanoparticle Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow explores heat transfer and fluid flow processes in nanomaterials and nanofluids, which are becoming increasingly important across the engineering disciplines. The book covers a wide range, from biomedical and energy conversion applications to materials properties, and addresses aspects that are essential for further progress in the field, including numerical quantification, modeling, simulation, and presentation.

Topics include:

• A broad review of nanofluid applications, including industrial heat transfer, biomedical engineering, electronics, energy conversion, membrane filtration, and automotive
• An overview of thermofluids and their importance in biomedical applications and heat-transfer enhancement
• A deeper look at biomedical applications such as nanoparticle hyperthermia treatments for cancers
• Issues in energy conversion from dispersed forms to more concentrated and utilizable forms
• Issues in nanofluid properties, which are less predictable and less repeatable than those of other media that participate in fluid flow and heat transfer
• Advances in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of membrane filtration at the microscale
• The role of nanofluids as a coolant in microchannel heat transfer for the thermal management of electronic equipment
• The potential enhancement of natural convection due to nanoparticles

Examining key topics and applications in nanoscale heat transfer and fluid flow, this comprehensive book presents the current state of the art and a view of the future. It offers a valuable resource for experts as well as newcomers interested in developing innovative modeling and numerical simulation in this growing field.

Advances in Industrial Heat Transfer presents the basic principles of industrial heat transfer enhancement. Serving as a reference and guide for future research, this book presents a complete approach, from redesigning equipment to the use of nanofluids in industry. Based on the latest methods of the experiment and their interpretation, this book presents a unified conception of the industrial heat transfer process and procedures which will help decrease global energy consumption. Containing both theoretical and practical results, the book uses text, pictures, graphs, and definitions to illustrate points and highlight concepts.

Since its publication more than 15 years ago, Heat Conduction Using Green s Functions has become the consummate heat conduction treatise from the perspective of Green s functions and the newly revised Second Edition is poised to take its place. Based on the authors own research and classroom experience with the material, this book organizes the solution of heat conduction and diffusion problems through the use of Green s functions, making these valuable principles more accessible. As in the first edition, this book applies extensive tables of Green s functions and related integrals, and all chapters have been updated and revised for the second edition, many extensively.

Details how to access the accompanying Green s Function Library site, a useful web-searchable collection of GFs based on the appendices in this book

The book reflects the authors conviction that although Green s functions were discovered in the nineteenth century, they remain directly relevant to 21st-century engineers and scientists. It chronicles the authors continued search for new GFs and novel ways to apply them to heat conduction.

New features of this latest edition

• Expands the introduction to Green s functions, both steady and unsteady
• Adds a section on the Dirac Delta Function
• Includes a discussion of the eigenfunction expansion method, as well as sections on the convergence speed of series solutions, and the importance of alternate GF
• Adds a section on intrinsic verification, an important new tool for obtaining correct numerical values from analytical solutions

A main goal of the first edition was to make GFs more accessible. To facilitate this objective, one of the authors has created a companion Internet site called the Green s Function Library, a web-searchable collection of GFs. Based on the appendices in this book, this library is organized by differential equation, geometry, and boundary condition. Each GF is also identified and cataloged according to a GF numbering system. The library also contains explanatory material, references, and links to related sites, all of which supplement the value of Heat Conduction Using Green s Functions, Second Edition as a powerful tool for understanding."

The authors expound on non-traditional phenomena for transfer theory, which are nevertheless of considerable interest in wave measurements, and bring the advances of transfer theory as close as possible to the practical needs of those working in all areas of wave physics. The book opens with a historical overview of the topic, then moves on to examine the phenomenological theory of radiative transport, blending traditional theory with original ideas. The transport equation is derived from first principles, and the ensuing discussion of the diffraction content of the transport equation and non-classical radiometry is illustrated by practical examples from various fields of physics. Popular techniques of solving the transport equation are discussed, paying particular attention to wave physics and computing the coherence function. The book also examines various problems which are no longer covered by the traditional radiative transfer theory, such as enhanced backscattering and weak localization phenomena, nonlinear transport problems and kinetic equations for waves. This monograph bridges the gap between the simple power balance description in radiative transfer theory and modern coherence theory. It will be of interest to researchers and professionals working across a wide range of fields from optics, acoustics and radar theory to astrophysics, radioastronomy and remote sensing, as well as to students in these areas.

During this century, as no other, the two themes of mathematics and heat transfer have become inextricably intertwined, and it was with this underlying sentiment that this volume was conceived. It includes contributions from fifteen countries throughout the world, covering various problems in heat transfer. The contributors work in diverse fields and include mathematicians, theoretical engineers, experimentalists and industrialists.

The second edition of this reliable text provides readers with a thorough understanding of the design procedures that are essential in designing new buildings and building refurbishment.

Covering the fundamentals of heat and mass transfer as essential underpinning knowledge, this edition has been thoroughly updated and reflects the need for new building design and building refurbishment to feature low energy consumption and sustainable characteristics.

New additions include:

• extended and updated worked examples
• two new appendices covering renewable energy systems and sustainable building engineering a " with startling conclusions.

This book is an invaluable guide for HND and degree level students of building services engineering, as well as building, built environment, building engineering and architecture courses.

Focuses on the methods of solving incompressible flows, although flows with significant property change due to heat transfer are also covered. Covers turbulent flow simulation, unstructured mesh, and two-phase flows. Uses a practical approach for CFD to build a foundation for those planning to work on low-speed flows. Provides detailed steps of solving 1-D and 2-D flow examples and MATLAB (R) codes of important algorithms. Includes numerous real-word examples and worked problems.

Convective Flow and Heat Transfer from Wavy Surfaces: Viscous Fluids, Porous Media, and Nanofluids addresses the wavy irregular surfaces in heat transfer devices. Fluid flow and heat transfer studies from wavy surfaces have received attention, since they add complexity and require special mathematical techniques. This book considers the flow and heat transfer characteristics from wavy surfaces, providing an understanding of convective behavioral changes.

The essence of temporal universe creation is that any analytical solution has to comply with the boundary condition of our universe; dimensionality and causality constraints. The essence of this book is to show that everything has a price within our temporal (t > 0) universe; energy and time. In mathematics, every postulation needs proof; there exists a solution before searching for the solution. Yet science does not have seem to have a criterion as mathematics does; to prove first that a postulated science exists within our temporal universe. Without such a criterion, fictitious science emerges, as already have been happening in every day's event. In this book, the author has shown there exists a criterion for a postulated science whether or not it is existed within our universe. The author started this book from Einstein's relativity to the creation of our temporal universe. He has shown that every subspace within our universe is created by energy and time, in which subspace and time are coexisted. The important aspect is that every science has to satisfy the boundary condition of our universe; causality and dimensionality. Following up with temporal universe, the author has shown a profound relationship with the second law of thermodynamics. He examines the relationship between entropy with science as well as communication with quantum limited subspace throughout the book. The author discusses the paradox of Schroedinger's Cat (which has been debated by Einstein, Bohr, Schroedinger and many others since 1935) that triggered his discovering that Schroedinger's quantum mechanics is a timeless machine, in which he has disproved the fundamental principle of superposition within our universe. Since quantum mechanics is a virtual mathematics, he has shown that a temporal quantum machine can, in principle, be built on the top of a temporal platform. This book is intended for cosmologists, particle physicists, astrophysicists, quantum physicists, computer scientists, engineers, professors and students as a reference and research-oriented book.

Transport Phenomena in Dispersed Media addresses the main problems associated with the transfer of heat, mass and momentum. The authors focus on the analytical solutions of the mass and heat transfer equations; the theoretical problems of coalescence, coagulation, aggregation and fragmentation of dispersed particles; the rheology of structured aggregate and kinetically stable disperse systems; the precipitation of particles in a turbulent flow; the evolution of the distribution function; the stochastic counterpart of the mass transfer equations; the dissipation of energy in disperse systems; and many other problems that distinguish this book from existing publications. Key Selling Features Covers all technological processes taking place in the oil and gas complex, as well as in the petrochemical industry Presents new original solutions for calculating design as well as for the development and implementation of processes of chemical technology Organized to first provide an extensive review of each chapter topic, solve specific problems, and then review the solutions with the reader Contains complex mathematical expressions for practical calculations Compares results obtained on the basis of mathematical models with experimental data

The author, a respected authority on heat recovery, provides up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the modelling of the process of heat transfer embodied in regenerative devices. He brings together material on storage and thermal generators and gives great emphasis to non-linear problems including the representation of temperature dependence of thermophysical properties involved.; In ten dynamic chapters, you will find coverage of: the storage of heat in packing; the Single Blow problem; basic concepts in counterflow thermal regenerators; counterflow regenerators; finite conductivity models; non-linear models of counterflow regenerators; transient response of counterflow regenerators; and parallel flow regenerators. Bringing together material developed over the past twenty years, the book will be of great interest to mechanical and chemical engineers as well as applied mathematicians concerned with models of heat transfer processes.

Contents:
Preface; Contributors 1. High Performance Computing for Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer 2. Unstructured Finite Volume Methods for Multi-Mode Heat Transfer 3. Spectral Element Methods for Unsteady Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Complex Geometries: Methodology and Applications 4. Finite-Volume Method for Radiation Heat Transfer 5. Boundary Element Methods for Heat Conduction 6. Molecular Dynamics Method for Microscale Heat Transfer 7. Numerical Methods in Microscale Heat Transfer: Modeling of Phase-Change and Laser Interactions with Materials 8. Current Status of the use of Parrallel Computing in Turbulent Reacting Flows: Computations Involving Sprays, Scalar Monte Carlo Probability Density Function and Unstructured Grids 9. Overview of Current Computational Studies of Heat Transfer in Porous Media and Their Applications-Forced Convection and Multiphase Heat Transfer 10. Overview of Current Computational Studies of Heat Transfer in Porous Material and Their Applications-Natural and Mixed Convection 11. Recent Progress and Some Changes in Thermal Modeling of Electronic Systems; Index

Heat transfer analysis is a problem of major significance in a vast range of industrial applications. These extend over the fields of mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, chemical engineering and numerous applications in civil and electrical engineering. If one considers the heat conduction equation alone the number of practical problems amenable to solution is extensive. Expansion of the work to include features such as phase change, coupled heat and mass transfer, and thermal stress analysis provides the engineer with the capability to address a further series of key engineering problems. The complexity of practical problems is such that closed form solutions are not generally possible. The use of numerical techniques to solve such problems is therefore considered essential, and this book presents the use of the powerful finite element method in heat transfer analysis. Starting with the fundamental general heat conduction equation, the book moves on to consider the solution of linear steady state heat conduction problems, transient analyses and non--linear examples. Problems of melting and solidification are then considered at length followed by a chapter on convection. The application of heat and mass transfer to drying problems and the calculation of both thermal and shrinkage stresses conclude the book. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the basic concepts introduced. This book is the outcome of the teaching and research experience of the authors over a period of more than 20 years.