Currently much research is being undertaken, within a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines, on macroscopic phenomena associated with liquid boundaries. This volume contains articles which address the modelling of such phenomena from a variety of viewpoints. These works serve to acquaint the reader with the range of macroscopic behaviour which can occur at liquid boundaries, to indicate various aproaches to relevant continuum descriptions and the difficulties of modelling non-equilibrium situations, to demonstrate applications of continuum models to the solution of practical problems, and to convey due appreciation of experimental aspects of the subject. The specific topics addressed are phenomenological approaches to fluid-flute interfaces and the physical interpretation of associated concepts and quantities, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical physics of liquid-vapour interfaces, the physics of ice-water phase-change surfaces, and the prediction of static and dynamic contact angles, wetting and spreading.

Geostationary or equatorial synchronous satellites are a daily reminder of our space efforts during the past two decades. The nightly television satellite weather picture, the intercontinental telecommunications of television transmissions and telephone conversations, and the establishrnent of educational programs in remote regions on Earth are constant reminders of the presence of these satellites. As used here, the term 'geo stationary' must be taken loosely because, in the long run, the satellites will not remain 'stationary' with respect to an Earth-fixed reference frame. This results from the fact that these satellites, as is true for all satellites, are incessantly subject to perturbations other than the central-body attraction of the Earth. Among the more predominant pertur bations are: the ellipticity of the Earth's equator, the Sun and Moon, and solar radiation pressure. Higher harmonics of the Earth's potential and tidal effects also influence satellite motion, but they are of second order when compared to the predominant perturbations. This volume deals with the theory of geostationary satellites. It consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 provides a general discussion including a brief history of geostationary satellites and their practical applications. Chapter 2 describes the Earth's gravitational potential field and the methodology of solving the geostationary satellite problem. Chapter 3 treats the effect of Earth's equatorial ellipticity (triaxiality) on a geostationary satellite. Chapter 4 deals with the effects of the Sun and Moon on the satellite's motion while Chapter 5 presents the combined influences of the Sun, Moon and solar radiation pressure. Chapter 6 describes various station-keeping techniques which may be used to make geostationary satellites practically stationary. Finally, Chapter 7 describes the verification of the theory developed in Chapters 3, 4 and 5 by utilizing the Early Bird synchronous satellite observed data as well as its numerically integrated results.

Human thermal comfort, namely in the areas of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (collectively known as 'HVAC'), is ubiquitous wherever human habitation may be found. Today, a large portion of the developed world's current energy demands are used to artificially keep the temperatures of our environments comfortable. It is therefore imperative for everyone, decision-makers and engineers alike, involved with the future of energy to be appropriately acquainted with HVAC.Lecture Notes on Engineering Human Thermal Comfort explains the quintessence of engineering human thermal comfort through straight-forward writing designed to help students better comprehend the materials presented. Illustrative figures, anecdotal banter, and ironical analogies interject the necessary technical humdrum to provide timeous stimuli in the midst of arduous technical details.This book is primarily for senior undergraduate engineering students interested in engineering human thermal comfort. It invokes some undergraduate knowledge of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics as needed, to enable students to appreciate thermal comfort engineering without the need to seek out other textbooks.

Computational fluid flow is not an easy subject. Not only is the mathematical representation of physico-chemical hydrodynamics complex, but the accurate numerical solution of the resulting equations has challenged many numerate scientists and engineers over the past two decades. The modelling of physical phenomena and testing of new numerical schemes has been aided in the last 10 years or so by a number of basic fluid flow programs (MAC, TEACH, 2-E-FIX, GENMIX, etc). However, in 1981 a program (perhaps more precisely, a software product) called PHOENICS was released that was then (and still remains) arguably, the most powerful computational tool in the whole area of endeavour surrounding fluid dynamics. The aim of PHOENICS is to provide a framework for the modelling of complex processes involving fluid flow, heat transfer and chemical reactions. PHOENICS has now been is use for four years by a wide range of users across the world. It was thus perceived as useful to provide a forum for PHOENICS users to share their experiences in trying to address a wide range of problems. So it was that the First International PHOENICS Users Conference was conceived and planned for September 1985. The location, at the Dartford Campus of Thames Polytechnic, in the event, proved to be an ideal site, encouraging substantial interaction between the participants.

Using the popular Heat Transfer Module from COMSOL, this text is designed to provide models for investigating and analyzing heat transfer applications such as conduction, convection, and radiation, etc. Each model covered in the book shows the mathematical development and the resulting computer model. A companion disc provides the files so models can be run in order to observe real-world behavior of the applications. Companion disc with models is included. Features: Companion disc with models from the book; Covers models from various disciplines.

This book presents a new and direct computational method for transient heat transfer. The approach uses the well-known dimensionless Biot number and a second dimensionless number introduced by the author. The methodology allows for a transient heat transfer calculations without using finite difference programs. The book presents many examples and various tables demonstrating the potential of this new methodology. Many diagrams illustrate the physical phenomena.

This book differs from other thermodynamics texts in its objective, which is to provide engineers with the concepts, tools, and experience needed to solve practical real-world energy problems. The presentation integrates computer tools (such as EES) with thermodynamic concepts to allow engineering students and practising engineers to solve problems they would otherwise not be able to solve. The use of examples, solved and explained in detail, and supported with property diagrams that are drawn to scale, is ubiquitous in this textbook. The examples are not trivial, drill problems, but rather complex and timely real-world problems that are of interest by themselves. As with the presentation, the solutions to these examples are complete and do not skip steps. Similarly the book includes numerous end-of-chapter problems, both typeset and online. Most of these problems are more detailed than those found in other thermodynamics textbooks. The supplements include complete solutions to all exercises, software downloads, and additional content on selected topics. These are available on the book's website www.cambridge.org/KleinandNellis.

89 papers covering Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering.

This book presents the resolution of thermal problems in various processes of working material such as molding, cutting, welding, or grinding. Two steps are presented for each type of application. The first is analytical, leading to general solutions that are well-adapted to the needs for the engineer at the time of the first dimensioning of the processes. This approach also provides tools for fast analysis with respect to the contribution of each transfer in a total assessment. The second approach is based on the finite element method. This method makes it possible to solve each problem with greater precision but at the price of an implementation longer and more expensive, thus providing the reader with the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches, so that they can make a more informed decision when applying these methods. The inclusion of practical exercises and solutions also allows the reader to enrich their understanding by applying their knowledge to real-life cases.

The book constitutes a particularly complete and original collection of ideas, models, numerical methods and experimental tools which will prove invaluable in the study of microscale and nanoscale heat transfer. It should be of interest to research scientists and thermal engineers who wish to carry out theoretical research or metrology in this field, but also to physicists concerned with the problems of heat transfer, or teachers requiring a solid foundation for an undergraduate university course in this area.

The most thorough and up-to-date coverage of heat transfer concepts and applications

The Heat Transfer Handbook provides succinct hard data, formulas, and specifications for the critical aspects of heat transfer, offering a reliable, hands-on resource for solving day-to-day issues across a variety of applications.

From the basics to the state of the art, this authoritative reference is the complete single-source handbook of need-to-know information in the industry. With today’s professionals in mind, thirty world-renowned experts contribute cutting-edge concepts and applications, as well as insights into the current state of the field and the latest technologies. Standout features of the handbook include the most comprehensive coverage available on contact resistance, and well-conceived, timely material on heat transfer in electronic components.

An accompanying CD-ROM containing the NIST Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Pure Fluids Database: Version 5.1 provides computer formulations with the most up-to-date values for thermophysical properties of fluids and materials.

For busy engineers and researchers, the Heat Transfer Handbook is the fast and accurate solution to their everyday needs.

Channeling or controlling the heat generated by electronics products is a vital concern of product developers: fail to confront this issue and the chances of product failure escalate. This third book in the series explores yet another method of heat management-the use of liquids to absorb and remove heat away from vital parts of the electronic systems.

The book provides design engineers an elemental understanding of the variables that influence pressure drop and heat transfer in plain and micro-fin tubes to thermal systems using liquid single-phase flow in different industrial applications. It also provides design engineers using gas-liquid, two-phase flow in different industrial applications the necessary fundamentals of the two-phase flow variables. The author and his colleagues were the first to determine experimentally the very important relationship between inlet geometry and transition. On the basis of their results, they developed practical and easy to use correlations for the isothermal and non-isothermal friction factor (pressure drop) and heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number) in the transition region as well as the laminar and turbulent flow regions for different inlet configurations and fin geometry. This work presented herein provides the thermal systems design engineer the necessary design tools. The author further presents a succinct review of the flow patterns, void fraction, pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer phenomenon and recommends some of the well scrutinized modeling techniques.

Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer is meant for undergraduate and postgraduate students, research scholars and teaching community of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. This book explains the fundamentals of heat transfer and focuses mainly on finite difference method, which is one of the computational methods used to solve engineering problems. The major strength of the book is that it covers one-dimensional, two-dimensional steady and transient conduction and convection problems in detail. This book will definitely be highly useful for those who wish to understand the finite difference method for solving fluid flow and heat transfer problems for their research and industrial applications. Salient Features: A very comprehensive and accessible approach in the presentation of the material. Step-by-step description of mathematical formulations. A variety of unsolved problems for practice at the end of each chapter. Lucid explanation of all the concepts, with aid of examples to help and build a strong foundation.

Heat is a branch of thermodynamics that occupies a unique position due to its involvement in the field of practice. Being linked to the management, transport and exchange of energy in thermal form, it impacts all aspects of human life and activity. Heat transfers are, by nature, classified as conduction, convection (which inserts conduction into fluid mechanics) and radiation. The importance of these three transfer methods has resulted - justifiably - in a separate volume being afforded to each of them. This first volume is dedicated to thermal conduction, and, importantly, assumes an analytical approach to the problems presented, and recalls the fundamentals. Heat Transfer 1 combines a basic approach with a deeper understanding of the discipline and will therefore appeal to a wide audience, from technician to engineer, from doctoral student to teacher-researcher.

Functionality, Advancements and Industrial Applications of Heat Pipes introduces heat pipe technologies and highlights a variety of applications for passive thermal control. The book begins with a thorough analysis of heat pipe infrastructure, including principles of operation, temperature limits, reliability and lessons learned from worked examples and case studies. It also presents a concise design guideline for the assembly of heat pipes. The second part moves on to consider a variety of modern day applications for the heat pipe principles discussed, covering nuclear and solar thermal energy engineering facilities as well as applications in space, in the sea and in the air. A final section works through manufacturing elements of different types of heat pipe to ensure they are well maintained and remain fully operational. This section includes the cleaning of parts, the assembly of the heat pipe, an analysis of gas blockages and how to deal with them, as well as performance versification.

This book presents a theoretical study of heat transfer due to laminar natural convection of nanofluids, using Al2O3-water nanofluid as an example. An innovative method of similarity transformation of velocity fields on laminar boundary layers is applied for the development of a mathematical governing model of natural convection with actual nanofluids, and a novel model of the nanofluid's variable thermophysical properties is derived by a mathematical analysis based on the developed model of variable physical properties of fluids combined with the model of the nanofluid's thermal conductivity and viscosity. Based on these, the physical property factors of nanofluids are produced, which leads to a simultaneous solution for deep investigations of hydrodynamics and heat transfer of nanofluid's natural convection. The book also proposes novel predictive formulae for the evaluation of heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid's natural convection. The formulae have reliable theoretical and practical value because they are developed by rigorous theoretical analysis of heat transfer combined with full consideration of the effects of the temperature-dependent physical properties of nanofluids and the nanoparticle shape factor and concentration, as well as variations of fluid boundary temperatures. The conversion factors proposed help to turn the heat transfer coefficient and rate of fluid natural convection into those of nanofluid natural convection. Furthermore, several calculation examples are provided to demonstrate the heat transfer application of the proposed predictive formulae.

In this essential reference, both students and practitioners in the field will find an accessible discussion of electric power generation with gas turbine power plants, using quantitative and qualitative tools. Beginning with a basic discussion of thermodynamics of gas turbine cycles from a second law perspective, the material goes on to cover with depth an analysis of the translation of the cycle to a final product, facilitating quick estimates. In order to provide readers with the knowledge they need to design turbines effectively, there are explanations of simple and combined cycle design considerations, and state-of-the-art, performance prediction and optimization techniques, as well as rules of thumb for design and off-design performance and operational flexibility, and simplified calculations for myriad design and off-design performance. The text also features an introduction to proper material selection, manufacturing techniques, and construction, maintenance, and operation of gas turbine power plants.

This volume of Annual Review Of Heat Transfer (ARHT) is devoted to the work of some of the past recipients of Bergles-Rohsenow Young Investigator Awards. Topics covered include phonon transport in two-dimensional and organic-inorganic hybrid materials, synchrotron-based characterization of materials, evaporation in nanostructures, adsorption systems for automobile climate control and many more. Papers in this volume reflect the significant evolution of the field of heat transfer over the past few decades. It has expanded to include more studies on materials. These materials and associated applications call for more understanding of heat transfer at micro- /nanoscale, and they in turn are enabling new heat transfer solutions and systems. There is ample room from both ends of the spectrum for us to pursue fundamental studies to improve the materials and application of these materials to develop innovative systems.

This volume is dedicated to a very special person, Professor Gad Hetsroni (1934-2015). His towering figure was familiar to researchers in heat transfer and multiphase flow all over the world. He was the founding Editor of the International Journal of Multiphase Flow and the person who defined and promoted the discipline around the journal. The unique community formed in this field during his lifetime gathers every three years for a major conference, the International Conference on Multiphase Flow, that most recent was held in May 2016 in Florence, Italy. This was the first time ever Gad did not attend ICMF. Friends and colleagues from many countries came to Florence to present their personal tributes and scientific papers honoring Gad. Reviewed and edited tributes and scientific papers dedicated to Gad from these memorial sessions comprise the core content of this memorial volume; certain persons who could not participate in the ICMF made later contributions.

The book introduces modern atomistic techniques for predicting heat transfer in nanostructures, and discusses the applications of these techniques on three modern topics. The study of heat transport in screw-dislocated nanowires with low thermal conductivity in their bulk form represents the knowledge base needed for engineering thermal transport in advanced thermoelectric and electronic materials, and suggests a new route to lower thermal conductivity that could promote thermoelectricity. The study of high-temperature coating composite materials facilitates the understanding of the role played by composition and structural characterization, which is difficult to approach via experiments. And the understanding of the impact of deformations, such as bending and collapsing on thermal transport along carbon nanotubes, is important as carbon nanotubes, due to their exceptional thermal and mechanical properties, are excellent material candidates in a variety of applications, including thermal interface materials, thermal switches and composite materials.

Thermal power plants are one of the most important process industries for engineering professionals. The most fundamental challenge is meeting the growing power demand in sustainable and efficient ways. Therefore, technological advancement is the requirement of the hour in every field of industrialization for improvement in their efficiencies by reduction in operating expenditure, judicious utilization of natural resources and protection damage to our natural environment. There will come a day when much quantity will be limited like charcoal. In addition, the use of these fossil fuels results in greater pollution, despite the measures taken. The details of the research results and the new development in fields are highlighted in this book. The subject looked after research and development, starting from power generation to environmental aspects of power plants. With regards to the thermal power plants research, the technological advance discussed in this book include experimentation, investigation assessment and analysis new models, new processes and control process concept for improving efficiencies and reducing emissions of CO. Advances of the use of solar energy to realize a new type of thermal power plant are also discussed.

Heat transfer is one of the most common physical phenomena. Most devices include heat sources and heat exchange with the environment. The problem of thermal management has become essential in many industrial sectors. It especially impacts the electronics industry for many years due to the increasing density of components. Thereby, the effects of significant overheating during thermal cycling in electronic components are numerous and affect both the reliability and durability of components and power circuits, compromising the operation and safety of complex systems. Furthermore, the sharing of a common thermal environment increasingly restricted by several heat sources makes the thermal coupling between critical and unpredictable components especially as cooling paths can be multiple. With regards to engineering heat transfer, this book discussed the applied thermal process, the work on the temperature control component. The research objects are addressed experimentally and numerically and lead to innovative design, also made in laboratory. The design of engineering project and development of model for heat transfer process are also carried out on this book to enable the study of systems and to optimize the design.

Wind farms and other renewable energy sources are characterised by the high unpredictability of generated power as a function of time. When the wind velocity decreases, the power generation diminishes rapidly. To offset the loss of power in the energy system, thermal power plants should be designed for quick start-ups and shutdowns, i.e., the flexibility of thermal power units should be improved. The pressure and temperature of the working fluid in the boiler should be increased quickly, so as to shorten the start-up of the boiler. The subject of the book is inverse heat transfer problems occurring in the monitoring of thermal stress in pressurised thick-walled components. New methods of determining the optimum time variations of fluid temperature during heating and cooling of the pressure parts in thermal power plants are presented. A new technique for measuring the transient temperature of fluid flowing in the pipeline are also presented. Numerous examples that illustrate the practical application of theoretical methods developed are presented as well. The book is meant for engineers, researchers, and scientists. It can also benefit the students of technical universities. The book may be helpful to manufacturers of large power boilers and users of thermal power plants, both conventional and nuclear.