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Books > Professional & Technical > Mechanical engineering & materials > Materials science > Mechanics of fluids > Hydraulics & pneumatics
This is a practical textbook written for use by engineers,
scientists and technicians. It is not intended to be a rigorous
scientific treatment of the subject material, as this would fill
several volumes. Rather, it introduces the reader to the
fundamentals of the subject material, and provides sufficient
references for an in-depth study of the subject by the interested
technologist. The author has a lifetime teaching credential in the
California Community College System. Also, he has taught technical
courses with the American Vacuum Society for about 35 years.
Students attending many of these classes have backgrounds varying
from high-school graduates to Ph.D.s in technical disciplines. This
is an extremely difficult class profile to teach. This book still
endeavors to reach this same audience. Basic algebra is required to
master most of the material. But, the calculus is used in
derivation of some of the equations. The author risks use of the
first person "I," instead of "the author," and "you" instead of
"the reader." Both are thought to be in poor taste when writing for
publication in the scientific community. However, "I" am writing
this book for "you" because the subject is exciting, and I enjoy
teaching you, perhaps, something new. The book is written more in
the vein of a "one-on-one" discussion with you, rather than the
author lecturing to the reader. There are anecdotes, and examples
of some failures and successes I have had over the last forty-five
years in vacuum related activities, I'll try not to understate
either.
Lastly, there are a few equations which if memorised will help you
as a vacuum technician. There are less than a dozen equations and
half that many "rules of thumb" to memorize, which will be drawn on
time an again in designing, operating and trouble-shooting any
vacuum system.
Volume 2 focuses on the design and application aspects of hydraulic
and pneumatic systems.
This book describes the fundamental phenomena of, and computational
methods for, hydraulic transients, such as the self-stabilization
effect, restriction of the Joukowsky equation, real relations
between the rigid and elastic water column theories, the role of
wave propagation speed, mechanism of the attenuation of pressure
fluctuations, etc. A new wave tracking method is described in great
detail and, supported by the established conservation and traveling
laws of shockwaves, offers a number of advantages. The book puts
forward a novel method that allows transient flows to be directly
computed at each time node during a transient process, and explains
the differences and relations between the rigid and elastic water
column theories. To facilitate their use in hydropower
applications, the characteristics of pumps and turbines are
provided in suitable forms and examples. The book offers a valuable
reference guide for engineers and scientists, helping them make
transient computations for their own programming, while also
contributing to the final standardization of methods for transient
computations.
Hydraulic Servo-systems details the basic concepts of many recent developments of nonlinear identification and nonlinear control and their application to hydraulic servo-systems: developments such as feedback linearisation and fuzzy control. It also reviews the principles, benefits and limitations associated with standard control design approaches such as linear state feedback control, feedforward control and compensation for static nonlinearities, because of their continued practical importance. Featuring: theoretical (physically based) modelling of hydraulic servo-systems; experimental modelling (system identification); control strategies for hydraulic servo-systems; case studies and experimental results. Appendices outline the most important fundamentals of (nonlinear) differential geometry and fuzzy control. The book is very application-oriented and provides the reader with detailed working procedures and hints for implementation routines and software tools. It will interest scientists and qualified engineers involved in the analysis and design of hydraulic control systems, especially in advanced hydraulic industries, the aeronautical and space and automotive industries.
This collection is dedicated to the 70th jubilee of Yu. N.
Savchenko, and presents experimental, theoretical, and numerical
investigations written by an international group of well-known
authors. The contributions solve very important problems of the
high-speed hydrodynamics, such as supersonic motion in water, drag
diminishing, dynamics and stability of supercavitating vehicles,
water entry and hydrodynamic performances of hydrofoils, ventilated
cavities after a disc and under the ship bottom.
The book is written for researches, scientists, engineers, and
students interested in problems of hydromechanics."
This book covers the whole range of today 's technology for
pneumatic drives. It details drives for factory automation and
automotive applications as well as describes the technology for the
process industry like positioners or spring-and-diaphragm. In
addition, the book examines several control strategies like binary
mode cylinder drives or position controlled drives and computer
aided analysis of complex systems.
Triggerd primarily byill effects of polluted air, soil and water
resources on living species, public concern for environmental
quality has been growing during the past four decades or so. One
manifestation of this concern is found in occurrence of public
debates as well as in the demand for full environmental impact
assessment before a water-resources project is approved.
Engineering soundness and economic feasibility are no longer
sufficient criteria for construction of hydraulic works. As a
result, environmental considerations have become very much a part
of hydraulic analyses. In response to growing environmental
concerns, the field of hydraulics has expanded and a new branch,
called Environmental Hydraulics, has emerged. The focus of this
branch is on hydraulic analyses of those environmental issues that
are important for protection, restoration, and managementof
environmental quality. The motivation for this book grew out of the
desire to provide a hydraulic discussion of some of the key
environmental issues.It is hoped that the book would serve to
stimulate others to write more comprehensive texts on this subject
of growing importance.
These two volumes contain the proceedings of the Workshop on
Transition, Turbulence and Combustion, sponsored by the Insti tute
for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) and
the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), during June 7 to July 2,
1993. Volume I contains the contributions from the transi tion
research, and Volume II contains the contributions from both the
turbulence and combustion research. This is the third workshop in
the series on the subject. The first was held in 1989, the second
in 1991, and their proceedings were published by Springer-Verlag
under the titles "Instability and Transition" (edited by M. Y. H
ussaini and R. G. Voigt) and "Instability, Transition and
Turbulence" (edited by M. Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar and C. L. Streett)
respectively. The objectives of these workshops are to expose the
academic community to current technologically important issues of
transition, turbulence and combustion, and to acquaint the academic
COllllllU nity with the unique combination of theoretical,
computational and experimental capabilities at LaRC. It is hoped
these will foster con tinued interactions, and accelerate progress
in elucidating the funda mental phenomena of transition, turbulence
and combustion. The research areas of interest in transition
covered the full range of the subject: linear and nonlinear
stability, direct and large-eddy simulation and phenomenological
modeling of the transition zone."
The growing use of mathematical models in hydraulics has not made
physical models obsolete. They keep pace with mathematical models
and in some cases make progress in conjunction with them Physical
models continue to be developed: more precise use of similitude
criteria, better knowledge of scale effects, new and more complex
types of model,use of various artifices, more ade- quate
instrumentation, automation of the operation of model- all these
pOint to that development. What was needed was to make a survey of
the situation, and this was the principal aim of the NATO Advanced
Study Institute on Recent Advances in Hydraulic Physical Modelling,
which took place on the premises of the Laborat6rio Nacional de
Engenharia Civil (LNEC) in Lisbon, Portugal, from 4th to 15th July
1988, and of which this book is one of the main outputs. It is
divided into 11 chapters, corresponding to 28 lectures that cover
five areas: fundamentals of physical modelling, river models,
hydraulics of structures, maritime hvdraulics and densi ty models.
-- Hodelling is obviously dependent on the knowledge of the phe-
nomena that are being modelled. This book is therefore also a book
on hydraulic engineering in general and not only on phv- sical,
modelling. The text also refers to mathematical modelling,
experimental methods in hydraulics and observation of nature and
prototypes.
These two volumes contain the proceedings of the Workshop on
Transition, Turbulence and Combustion, sponsored by the Insti tute
for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) and
the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), during June 7 to July 2,
1993. Volume I contains the contributions from the transi tion
research, and Volume II contains the contributions from both the
turbulence and combustion research. This is the third workshop in
the series on the subject. The first was held in 1989, the second
in 1991, and their proceedings were published by Springer-Verlag
under the titles "Instability and Transition" (edited by M. Y.
Hussaini and R. G. Voigt) and "Instability, Transition and
Turbulence" (edited by M. Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar and C. L. Streett)
respectively. The objectives of these workshops are to expose the
academic community to current technologically important issues of
transition, turbulence and combustion, and to acquaint the academic
commu nity with the unique combination of theoretical,
computational and experimental capabilities at LaRC. It is hoped
these will foster con tinued interactions, and accelerate progress
in elucidating the funda mental phenomena of transition, turbulence
and combustion. The research areas of interest in transition
covered the full range of the subject: linear and nonlinear
stability, direct and large-eddy simulation and phenomenological
modeling of the transition zone."
Applied Hydraulic Transients, 3rd Edition covers hydraulic
transients in a comprehensive and systematic manner from
introduction to advanced level and presents various methods of
analysis for computer solution. The book is suitable as a textbook
for senior-level undergraduate and graduate students as well as a
reference for practicing engineers and researchers. The field of
application of the book is very broad and diverse and covers areas
such as hydroelectric projects, pumped storage schemes,
water-supply systems, cooling-water systems, oil pipelines and
industrial piping systems. A strong emphasis is given to practical
applications: several case studies, problems of applied nature, and
design criteria are included. This will help the design engineers
and introduce the students to real-life projects. Up-to-date
references are included at the end of each chapter.
New Edition Now Covers Shock-Wave Analysis An in-depth presentation
of analytical methods and physical foundations, Analytical Fluid
Dynamics, Third Edition breaks down the "how" and "why" of fluid
dynamics. While continuing to cover the most fundamental topics in
fluid mechanics, this latest work emphasizes advanced analytical
approaches to aid in the analytical process and corresponding
physical interpretation. It also addresses the need for a more
flexible mathematical language (utilizing vector and tensor
analysis and transformation theory) to cover the growing complexity
of fluid dynamics. Revised and updated, the text centers on
shock-wave structure, shock-wave derivatives, and shock-produced
vorticity; supersonic diffusers; thrust and lift from an asymmetric
nozzle; and outlines operator methods and laminar boundary-layer
theory. In addition, the discussion introduces pertinent
assumptions, reasons for studying a particular topic, background
discussion, illustrative examples, and numerous end-of-chapter
problems. Utilizing a wide variety of topics on inviscid and
viscous fluid dynamics, the author covers material that includes:
Viscous dissipation The second law of thermodynamics Calorically
imperfect gas flows Aerodynamic sweep Shock-wave interference
Unsteady one-dimensional flow Internal ballistics Force and
momentum balance The Substitution Principle Rarefaction shock waves
A comprehensive treatment of flow property derivatives just
downstream of an unsteady three-dimensional shock Shock-generated
vorticity Triple points An extended version of the Navier-Stokes
equations Shock-free supersonic diffusers Lift and thrust from an
asymmetric nozzle Analytical Fluid Dynamics, Third Edition outlines
the basics of analytical fluid mechanics while emphasizing
analytical approaches to fluid dynamics. Covering the material
in-depth, this book provides an authoritative interpretation of
formulations and procedures in analytical fluid dynamics, and
offers analytical solutions to fluid dynamic problems.
Fluid movers are extensively used in the process industries. New
machines are specified, designed, manufactured and installed in a
way that ensures their safety and reliability. Existing machines
may be upgraded or retrofitted during maintenance or repair. This
book describes how improved components and better lubricant
application provisions, among other experience-based measures, can
safely extend operating life and increase profitability.
Volume 1: (edited by Keith W. Hipel) In this landmark collection of
papers, highly respected scientists and engineers from around the
world present the latest research results in extreme value analyses
for floods and droughts. Two approaches that are commonly employed
in flood frequency analyses are the maximum annual flood and
partial duration series or peak over threshold procedures. Recent
theoretical advances as well as illustrative applications are
described in detail for each of these approaches. Additionally,
droughts and storms are systematically studied using appropriate
probabilistic models. A major part of the volume is devoted to
frequency analyses and fitting extreme value distributions to
hydrological data. Other thought-provoking topics include
regionalization techniques, distributed models, entropy and fractal
analysis. Volume 1 is of interest to researchers, teachers,
students and practitioners who wish to place themselves at the
leading edge of flood frequency and drought analyses. Volume 2:
(edited by Keith W. Hipel) World renowned scientists present
valuable contributions to stochastic and statistical modelling of
groundwater and surface water systems. The philosophy of
probabilistic modelling in the hydrological sciences is put into
proper perspective and the importance of stochastic differential
equations in the environmental sciences is explained and
illustrated. The new research ideas put forward in groundwater
modelling will assist decision makers in tackling challenging
problems such as controlling pollution of underground aquifers and
obtaining adequate water supplies. Additionally, different types of
stochastic models are used in modelling a range ofinteresting
surface water problems. Other topics covered in this landmark
volume include stochastic optimization, moment analysis, carbon
dioxide modelling and rainfall prediction. Volume 2 is of interest
to researchers, teachers, students and practitioners who wish to be
at the leading edge of stochastic and statistical modelling in the
environmental sciences. Volume 3: (edited by Keith W. Hipel; A. Ian
McLeod; U.S. Panu; Vijay P. Singh) International experts from
around the globe present a rich variety of intriguing developments
in time series analysis in hydrology and environmental engineering.
Climatic change is of great concern to everyone and significant
contributions to this challenging research topic are put forward by
internationally renowned authors. A range of interesting
applications in hydrological forecasting are given for case studies
in reservoir operation in North America, Asia and South America.
Additionally, progress in entropy research is described and entropy
concepts are applied to various water resource systems problems.
Neural networks are employed for forecasting runoff and water
demand. Moreover, graphical, nonparametric and parametric trend
analyses methods are compared and applied to water quality time
series. Other topics covered in this landmark volume include
spatial analyses, spectral analyses and different methods for
stream-flow modelling. Volume 3 constitutes an invaluable resource
for researchers, teachers, students and practitioners who wish to
be at the forefront of time series analysis in the environmental
sciences. Volume 4: (edited by Keith W. Hipel; Liping Fang) In this
landmark set of papers, experts from around the world present the
latest andmost promising approaches to both the theory and practice
of effective environmental management. To achieve sustainable
development, organizations and individual citizens must comply with
environmental laws and regulations. Accordingly, a major
contribution of this book is the presentation of original
techniques for designing effective environmental policies,
regulations, inspection procedures and monitoring systems.
Interesting methods for modelling risk and decision making problems
are discussed from an environmental management perspective.
Moreover, knowledge-based techniques for handling environmental
problems are also investigated. Finally, the last main part of the
book describes optimal approaches to reservoir operation and
control that take into account appropriate multiple objectives.
Volume 4 is of direct interest to researchers, teachers, students
and practitioners concerned with the latest developments in
environmental management and sustainable development.
This volume contains the invited lectures presented during the
NATO/ASI conducted in Pullman, Washington, July 9-18, 1989. This is
the third in a series of NATO/ASIs on transport phenomena in porous
media. The first two, which took place at Newark, Delaware in 1982
and 1985, are devoted to various topics related to the Fundamentals
of Transport Processes in Porous Media. The contents of the books
resulting from previous NATO/ASIs are given at the end of this
book. Transport of extensive quantities such as mass of a fluid
phase, mass of chemical species carried by a fluid phase, energy
and electric charge in porous media, as encountered in a large
variety of engineering disciplines, is an emerging
interdisciplinary field. The groundwater flow, the simultaneous
flow of gas, oil and water in petroleum reservoirs, the movement
and accumulation of pollutants in the saturated and unsaturated
subsurface zones, thermal energy storage in reservoirs, land
subsidence in response to charges in overburden loads, or to
pumping of fluids from underground formations, wave propagation in
seismic investigations or as produced by earthquakes, chemical
reactors, water flow through sand filters and the movement of
fluids through kidneys, may serve as examples of fields in which
the theory of transport in porous media is employed.
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