1 Introduction.- 2 Equations of motion.- 2.1 incompressible flow.- 2.2 the Boussinesq approximation.- 2.3 coordinate system.- 3 Stability and Transition.- 3.1 stability analysis.- 3.2 Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.- 3.3 Rayleigh stability criterion.- 3.4 stability of a one-dimensional flow.- 3.5 routes to chaos.- 4 The characteristics of turbulence.- 4.1 the Burgers equation.- 4.2 phenomenology.- 4.3 experimental and numerical methods.- 5 Statistical description of turbulence.- 5.1 statistics.- 5.2 stationarity and homogeneity.- 5.3 the Reynolds equations.- 5.4 kinetic theory of momentum transfer.- 6 Turbulent flows.- 6.1 channel flow.- 6.2 mean velocity profile.- 6.3 scaling of turbulent wall flows.- 6.4 wall roughness.- 6.5 pressure gradient.- 6.6 free turbulent flows.- 6.7 the free jet.- 7 Kinetic energy.- 7.1 kinetic energy of the mean flow.- 7.2 kinetic energy of turbulence.- 7.3 Prandtl's one-equation model.- 7.4 energy equation per component.- 7.5 convective turbulence.- 7.6 the convective boundary layer.- 8 Vorticity.- 8.1 vorticity equation.- 8.2 coherent structures.- 8.3 enstrophy.- 8.4 the k- (e- ) model.- 8.5 second-order closure and algebraic stress models.- 8.6 large eddy simulation of turbulence.- 9 Correlation function and spectrum.- 9.1 time correlations.- 9.2 the spectrum.- 9.3 spatial correlations and spectra.- 9.4 the Taylor hypothesis.- 9.5 scaling of turbulence spectra.- 9.6 isotropic turbulence.- 10 Turbulent diffusion.- 10.1 statistical approach.- 10.2 the diffusion equation.- 10.3 inertial transport.- A Equations of motion.- B Special topics.- B.1 Monin-Obukhov similarity.- B.2 rapid distortion theory.- B.3 aeroacoustics.- B.4 rotating turbulence (by Herman Clercx).- B.5 drag reduction by polymer additives.- Bibliography.- Index.

How much water does the world need to support growing human populations? What are the potential effects of climate change on the world's water resources? These questions and more are discussed in this thoroughly updated and expanded new edition. Written at the undergraduate level, this accessible textbook covers the fundamentals of water resources, water law, allocation, quality and quantity, health issues, and provides examples of potential personal actions and solutions. There is a keener focus on climate change, as many of the predictions made in the first edition have now come to pass. This new edition features improved artwork, more active learning prompts, more positive examples of beneficial changes, basic introductions to scientific approaches and a discussion of emerging contaminants and LiDAR technology. It contains strong teaching features, with new 'In Depth' and 'Think About It' sections to encourage class discussion, and homework questions to test students' understanding.

This book addresses current and emerging challenges facing those working in offshore construction, design and research. Keynote papers from leading industry practitioners and academics provide a comprehensive overview of central topics covering deepwater anchoring, pipelines, foundation solutions for offshore wind turbines, site investigation, geohazards and emerging Australian frontiers. A further 125 peer reviewed papers introduce and analyse the critical challenges of offshore geotechnical engineering in the areas of the keynote subjects as well as piling, caissons and shallow foundation systems. The papers collected in these proceedings report a variety of numerical and theoretical investigations, experimental programs and field experience, with established design methods discussed alongside state-of-the-art practices.

The design of hydraulic machinery in general, and of centrifugal pumps in particular has been and still is essentially empirical. It has been the author's desire at the conclusion of his professional activity to leave behind a document describing at least part of the experience gained over the years in pump design and to offer firm design guidelines to aid the younger designers entering the field of hydraulic design. It is the author's firm conviction that a great deal of improvements can be introduced in the field of hydraulic design. The author hopes that the book shows the direction in which the efforts should be extended to convert what has to date been an art rather than a science into a modern and exciting field of activity.

Water Chemistry provides students with the tools needed to understand the processes that control the chemical species present in waters of both natural and engineered systems. After providing basic information about water and its chemical composition in environmental systems, the text covers theoretical concepts key to solving water chemistry problems. Water Chemistry emphasizes that both equilibrium and kinetic processes are important in aquatic systems. The content focuses not only on inorganic constituents but also on natural and anthropogenic organic chemicals in water. This new edition of Water Chemistry also features updated discussions of photochemistry, chlorine and disinfectants, geochemical controls on chemical composition, trace metals, nutrients, and oxygen. Quantitative equilibrium and kinetic problems related to acid-base chemistry, complexation, solubility, oxidation/reduction reactions, sorption, and the fate and reactions of organic chemicals are solved using mathematical, graphical, and computational tools. Examples show the application of theory and demonstrate how to solve problems using algebraic, graphical, and up-to-date computer-based techniques. Additional web material provides advanced content.

The first of its kind, this book is an in-depth history of hydrodynamics from its eighteenth-century foundations to its first major successes in twentieth-century hydraulics and aeronautics. It documents the foundational role of fluid mechanics in developing a new mathematical physics. It gives full and clear accounts of the conceptual breakthroughs of physicists and engineers who tried to meet challenges in the practical worlds of hydraulics, navigation, blood circulation, meteorology, and aeronautics, and it shows how hydrodynamics at last began to fulfill its early promise to unify the different worlds of flow. Richly illustrated, technically thorough, and sensitive to cross-cultural effects, this history should attract a broad range of historians, scientists, engineers, and philosophers and be a standard reference for anyone interested in fluid mechanics.

A readable and user-friendly introduction to fluid mechanics, this high-level text is geared toward advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Topics include a derivation of the equations of fluid motion from statistical mechanics, classical theory, and a portion of the modern mathematical theory of viscous, incompressible fluids, with considerable attention to the Navier-Stokes equations. 1973 edition.

This textbook describes in detail the fundamental equations that govern the fate and transport of contaminants in the environment, and covers the application of these equations to engineering design and environmental impact analysis relating to contaminant discharges into rivers, lakes, wetlands, groundwater, and oceans. The third edition provides numerous end-of-chapter problems and an expanded solutions manual. Also introduced in this edition are PowerPoints slides for all chapters so that instructors have a ready-made course. Key distinguishing features of this book include: detailed coverage of the science behind water-quality regulations, state-of-the-art methods for calculating total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for the remediation of impaired waters, modeling and control of nutrient levels in lakes and reservoirs, design of constructed treatment wetlands, design of groundwater remediation systems, design of ocean outfalls, control of oil spills in the ocean, and the design of systems to control the quality of surface runoff from watersheds into their receiving waters. In addition, the entire book is updated to provide the latest advances in the field of water-quality control. For example, concepts such as mixing zones are expanded to include physical nature and regulatory importance of mixing zones, practical aspects of outfall and diffuser design are also included, specific details of water-quality modeling are updated to reflect the latest developments on this topic, and new findings relating to priority and emerging pollutants are added.

Infolge des technischen Fortschritts werden Bauelemente und Systeme haufig auch in ihrer Groesse verandert. Aufgrund der Massstabsanderung weisen sie meistens ein geandertes physikalisches Verhalten und damit auch andere Eigenschaften auf.Das in diesem Buch beschriebene Verfahren der Skalierung ermoeglicht ohne grossen zeitlichen und finanziellen Aufwand das Verhalten und die Eigenschaften dieser in ihrer Groesse veranderten Bauelemente und Systeme zu bestimmen bzw. vorherzusagen. Der Leser wird uber zahlreiche Beispiele und Anwendungen verstandlich in die Skalierung der physikalischen Gesetze und der mathematischen Modellierung eingefuhrt. Es gibt wohl derzeit kein vergleichbares Werk, welches die Skalierung uber die physikalischen Gebiete der Mechanik, der Schwingungen und Wellen, der Fluidik, der Thermodynamik und des Elektromagnetismus in dieser Ausfuhrlichkeit darstellt. Erstmals wird auch der Einfluss der mathematischen Methoden auf die Skalierung umfassend behandelt. Das Buch richtet sich an Studierende der Ingenieurwissenschaften und der Physik. Es ist aber auch unentbehrlich fur jeden, der sich mit der Entwicklung von neuen innovativen Produkten und Systemen im Bereich der Miniaturisierung beschaftigt.

Dieses Buch bietet in zwei Banden vielfaltige Aufgaben aus der Stroemungsmechanik mit ausfuhrlich vorgerechneten Loesungen und ist damit auch eine wertvolle Hilfe bei der Klausurvorbereitung. Es ist als UEbungsbuch konzipiert und zielt darauf ab, die Inhalte der Vorlesung Stroemungsmechanik anhand zahlreicher Beispiele besser verstandlich zu machen. Das Buch wendet sich vor allem an Studierende der Fachbereiche Maschinenbau, Verfahrens- und Umwelttechnik an Fachhochschulen und Universitaten. Auf der Basis der Grundlagenkenntnisse des Fachs erhalt der Leser Aufgaben zur Bearbeitung in verschiedenen Schwierigkeitsgraden - von kurzen Rechenubungen bis hin zu komplexen, mehrteiligen Anwendungsaufgaben. Die UEbungsbeispiele decken dabei wichtige Anwendungsfalle der Lehrveranstaltung ab. Es wird besonderer Wert auf eine klar formulierte Aufgabenstellung, die verstandliche Beschreibung der Vorgehensweise und die schrittweise, vollstandige Loesungsfindung gelegt. Prufungsaufgaben verschiedener Hochschulen sind ebenfalls Bestandteil des Buchs.

Das Buch wendet sich an Studierende der Fachbereiche Maschinenbau, Verfahrens- und Umwelttechnik an Fachhochschulen. Es ist ausschliesslich als UEbungsbuch konzipiert und zielt darauf ab, die Inhalte der Vorlesung Stroemungsmechanik an Hand zahlreicher Beispiele besser verstandlich zu machen. Grundlagenkenntnisse des Fachs sind zur Bearbeitung der Aufgaben erforderlich. Die UEbungsbeispiele decken wichtige Anwendungsfalle der Lehrveranstaltung ab. Es wird besonderer Wert auf eine klar formulierte Aufgabenstellung, die verstandliche Beschreibung der Vorgehensweise und die schrittweise, vollstandige Loesungsfindung gelegt. Prufungsaufgaben verschiedener Hochschulen sind ebenfalls Bestandteil des Buchs.

The first of its kind, this book is an in-depth history of hydrodynamics from its eighteenth-century foundations to its first major successes in twentieth-century hydraulics and aeronautics. It documents the foundational role of fluid mechanics in developing a new mathematical physics. It gives full and clear accounts of the conceptual breakthroughs of physicists and engineers who tried to meet challenges in the practical worlds of hydraulics, navigation, blood circulation, meteorology, and aeronautics, and it shows how hydrodynamics at last began to fulfill its early promise to unify the different worlds of flow. Richly illustrated, technically thorough, and sensitive to cross-cultural effects, this history should attract a broad range of historians, scientists, engineers, and philosophers and be a standard reference for anyone interested in fluid mechanics.

This volume provides an international forum for the exchange of the latest and most up-to-date designs for multiphase flow. The development for marginal offshore oil and gas discoveries and/or land-based fields in remote locations have led to significant research aimed at improving our understanding of this complex technology. Better design methods have been developed, not only for transporting multiphase hydrocarbon fluids over long distances, but also for pumping, metering, and processing equipment. Pressure on minimising costs and need to develop smaller, deeper, and more remote fields have continued to spur the application of multiphase technology. However, the uncertainty of adopting new technology will only be overcome with knowledge and expertise, by field use, or by force of circumstances, where it is seen to be the only viable method. From research to products, this book brings together contributions from experts who shape the way the technology is developed. Topics covered include: flow modelling; oil-water flow modelling; slug modelling; field applications in multiphase modelling; multiphase metering; multiphase equipment; flow assurance. This work provides the reader with the opportunity to determine how and when the technology can and should be employed in the filed, the engineer must understand what the technology can actually achieve, its limitations, and how these are being mitigated or overcome. BHR Group is a leading independent centre of expertise in engineering with fluids which has performed contract research. development, and consultancy for international clients since 1947. BHR Group serves the water, power, process, and offshore industries and is increasingly active in the water sector, following its privatisation. Our problem-solving addresses applications including: pumping, sealing, mixing and contacting, valves, pigging, pipe protection, and multiphase flow. Current projects yielding significant cost benefits include in-pipe water treatment, slurry characterisation and transport, and pump scheduling. BHR Group transfer information and technology to a wide range of industries through single-sponsor projects, multi-client consortia, training seminars, and BHRA Technical Information Services.

Like many apparently simple devices, the vertical water wheel has been around for so long that it is taken for granted. Yet this "picturesque artifact" was for centuries man's primary mechanical source of power and was the foundation upon which mills and other industries developed.

"Stronger than a Hundred Men" explores the development of the vertical water wheel from its invention in ancient times through its eventual demise as a source of power during the Industrial Revolution. Spanning more than 2000 years, Terry Reynolds's account follows the progression of this labor-saving device from Asia to the Middle East, Europe, and America-covering the evolution of the water wheel itself, the development of dams and reservoirs, and the applications of water power.