The present volume Uranium C5 covers the physical properties of U0 - the production 2 and preparation of U0 were already treated in Uranium C4, whereas the chemical proper 2 ties will be the subject of the forthcoming part C6. U0 is the most important chemical compound in all aspects of nuclear technology. 2 It is and will be for the foreseeable future the fuel for all light and heavy water reactors as well as (in the mixed crystal with Pu0 ) for the fast breeder reactors. Therefore, the 2 nuclear engineer has to understand the behavior of U0 under all conditions existing during 2 operational (and possibly failure) states of a nuclear reactor, e. g. , not only in the solid state but also to some extent in the liquid and gaseous states. Besides high scientific interest in the sometimes unique or unusual properties, e. g. , at low temperatures, a lot of data and physical properties which are critical for its use as a nuclear fuel have been determined more or less accurately. Creep, swelling, irradiation densification, and fission gas behavior in the fuel are properties which have been evaluated up to the high temperatu res (near the melting point) which may exist in U0 fuel due to its low thermal conductivity. 2 Besides these more technical data there have been accumulated a lot of important physical data, e. g.

This book addresses the development, properties, and applications of atomic-layered boron, or, borophene. The authors explain how borophene was predicted and created before investigating the properties that make it a desirable and useful material. The material is extremely thin and possesses exotic quantum states of new Dirac physics. Applications in superconductivity, plasmonics, and industrial chemical catalysis are examined, along with an examination of the material's unique hydrogen boride and boron nitride forms. Given the varied potential uses for the new-developed borophene, this timely book will be useful to researchers in academia and industry.

The energy arteries of the corporate body of mankind are still fed mainly by fossil fuels; but they are in danger of running dry soon unless new energy sources are made available. One of the most important as well as the most ecologically pure power source is hydrogen, that constitutes the heart of hydrogen power engineering and considered as a future alternative to fossil power sources. The chemistry of carbon nanomaterials and hydrogen materials science will play an important role in hastening the conversion to the Hydrogen Energy System. In this connection, the research and application of materials capable of interacting actively with hydrogen, its accumulating and storing will be of the utmost significance. This is of particular actuality for creation of mobile energy sources both for mobile telephones and for hybrid electric cars that are developed by all large car manufacturers of the world.

Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.

Alexander L. Reznichenko and Kai C. Hultzsch: Catalytic ?-Bond Metathesis Zhichao Zhang, Dongmei Cui, Baoli Wang, Bo Liu, Yi Yang: Polymerization of 1,3-Conjugated Dienes with Lanthanide Precursors Frank T. Edelmann: Homogeneous Catalysis using Lanthanide Amidinates and Guanidinates Tianshu Li, Jelena Jenter, Peter W. Roesky: Rare Earth Metal Post-metallocene Catalysts with Chelating Amido Ligands

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Embarking on a new millennium, the book in hands describes the recent developments of organsoselenium chemistry in all facets. Various distinguished scientists have contributed, with their skill and expertise, making this book a valuable source for synthetic oriented organic chemists and for those, who want to get a first insight into the chemistry of selenium.

Complex oxide materials, especially the ABO3-type perovskite materials, have been attracting growing scientific interest due to their unique electro-optical properties, leading to photorefractive effects that form the basis for such devices as holographic storage, optical data processing and phase conjugation. The optical and mechanical properties of non-metals are strongly affected by the defects and impurities that are unavoidable in any real material. Nanoscopically sized surface effects play an important role, especially in multi-layered ABO3 structures, which are good candidates for high capacity memory cells. The 51 papers presented here report the latest developments and new results and will greatly stimulate progress in high-tech technologies using perovskite materials.

This book investigates applicability of various emerging strategies to improve important properties and features of metal oxide materials that can be used further to advance their photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performances. The range of discussed strategies includes introduction of intrinsic and extrinsic deficiencies, fabrication of heterojunction and utilizing of metal nanoparticles in the form of deposited or embedded formations. Each of them is addressed as separate case in order to reach full and comprehensive assessment of their most fundamental principles and basics as well as accessing pivotal advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, additional discussion is dedicated to achieving thorough awareness over methods and experimental protocols that are used to realize them and also probing changes which they induce in electronic and geometrical configurations of metal oxide materials. It is believed that this book might become a valuable addition to extend further current knowledge about photocatalysis and material processing.

Polaritonic chemistry is an emergent interdisciplinary field in which the strong interaction of organic molecules with confined electromagnetic field modes is exploited in order to manipulate the chemical structure and reactions of the system. In the regime of strong light-matter coupling the interaction with the electromagnetic vacuum obliges us to redefine the concept of a molecule and consider the hybrid system as a whole. This thesis builds on the foundations of chemistry and quantum electrodynamics in order to provide a theoretical framework to describe these organic light-matter hybrids. By fully embracing the structural complexity of molecules, this theory allows us to employ long-established quantum chemistry methods to understand polaritonic chemistry. This leads to predictions of substantial structural changes in organic molecules and the possibility of significantly influencing chemical reactions both in the excited and ground states of the system.

This book tells the story of two of the most important figures in the history of chemistry. Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786) was the first to prepare oxygen and realise that air is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen; he also discovered many important organic and inorganic substances. His fellow chemist and good friend, Torbern Bergman (1735-1784), was one of the pioneers in analytical and physical chemistry. In this carefully researched biography, the author, Anders Lennartson, explains the chemistry of Scheele and Bergman while putting their discoveries in the context of other 18th-century chemistry. Much of the information contained in this work is available in English for the first time.

This collection brings together engineers, scientists, scholars, and entrepreneurs to present their novel and innovative contributions in the domain specific to metal-matrix composites and on aspects specific to processing, characterization, mechanical behavior, measurements, failure behavior, and kinetics governing microstructural influences on failure by fracture. Topics include but are not limited to: * Metals and metal-matrix composites * Nano-metal based composites * Intermetallic-based composites Contributions in the above topics connect to applications in industry-relevant areas: automotive; nuclear and clean energy; aerospace; failure analysis; biomedical and healthcare; and heavy equipment, machinery, and goods.

This volume highlights the latest research in frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry and its applications. The contributions present the recent developments of the use of FLPs in asymmetric catalysis, polymer synthesis, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, as well as demonstrating their use as a pedagogical tool. The book will be of interest to researchers in academia and industry alike.

The history of the rare earths has entered its third century; trans uranium elements are now a half century old. Both the lanthanide and actinide ele- ments, 30 elements altogether, are f elements, meaninj that their metallic 2 1 1 electronic configurations are typically 6s 5d 4f" and 7s 6d 5f" respectively. To an elementary approximation as summarized in the 'average inorganic chemistry textbook, these configurations cause their chemistry to be described by the trivalent state accompanied by less interesting effects such as the lanthanide contraction. However, the discovery of divalent and tetravalent lanthanides and di- to seven-valent actinides hinted at the existence of more interesting although still classic solid-state and coor- dination chemistry. Metallic halides and chalcogenides and electron-poor cluster compounds have been the outgrowth of many synthetic efforts during the past 25 years or so. These days, one can say that the lan- thanides and actinides are not at all boring; the fascination arises from every element being an individual, having its own chemistry.

This book focuses on theoretical and computational studies by the editor's group on the direct hydroxylation of methane, which is one of the most challenging subjects in catalyst chemistry. These studies of more than 20 years include gas-phase reactions by transition-metal oxide ions, enzymatic reactions by two types of methane monooxygenase (soluble and particulate MMO), catalytic reactions by metal-exchanged zeolites, and methane C-H activation by metal oxide surfaces. Catalyst chemistry has been mostly empirical and based on enormous experimental efforts. The subject of the title has been tackled using the orbital interaction and computations based on extended Huckel, DFT, and band structure calculations. The strength of the theoretical studies is in the synergy between theory and experiment. Therefore, the group has close contacts with experimentalists in physical chemistry, catalyst chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and surface chemistry. This resulting book will be useful for the theoretical analysis and design of catalysts.

T. Koritsanszky, A. Volkov, M. Chodkiewicz: New Directions in Pseudoatom-Based X-Ray Charge Density Analysis.- B. Dittrich, D. Jayatilaka: Reliable Measurements of Dipole Moments from Single-Crystal Diffraction Data and Assessment of an In-Crystal Enhancement.- B. Engels, Th. C. Schmidt, C. Gatti, T. Schirmeister, R.F. Fink: Challenging Problems in Charge Density Determination: Polar Bonds and Influence of the Environment.- S. Fux, M. Reiher: Electron Density in Quantum Theory.- K. Meindl, J.Henn: Residual Density Analysis.- C. Gatti: The Source Function Descriptor as a Tool to Extract Chemical Information from Theoretical and Experimental Electron Densities.

This volume presents recent advances and current knowledge in the field of supramolecular assemblies based on electrostatic interactions. The flexibility and simplicity of constructing assemblies is explained via several examples, illustrations, figures, case studies, and historical perspectives. Moreover, as there is an increasing demand for the use of theoretical and computational models of the interaction strengths for assisting with the experimental studies, one chapter specifically focuses on the "modelling'' of supramolecular assemblies. Finally, various aspects of the recent advances of the field as well as potential future opportunities are discussed, with the goal being to stimulate critical discussions among the community and to encourage further discovery. This volume aims to inspire and guide fellow scientists and students working in this field and thus it provides a great tool for all researchers, graduates and professionals specializing on the topic.

This book provides a systematic description of the molecular structures and bonding in simple compounds of the main group elements with particular emphasis on bond distances, bond energies and coordination geometries. The description includes the structures of hydrogen, halogen and methyl derivatives of the elements in each group, some of these molecules are ionic, some polar covalent. The survey of molecules whose structures conform to well-established trends is followed by representative examples of molecules that do not conform. We also describe electron donor-acceptor and hydrogen bonded complexes. Chemists use models to systematize our knowledge, to memorize information and to predict the structures of compounds that have not yet been studied. The book provides a lucid discussion of a number of models such as the Lewis electron-pair bond and the VSEPR models, the spherical and polarizable ion models, and molecular orbital calculations, and it outlines the successes and failures of each.

This book systematically describes the design and synthesis of MOF-related materials and the electrochemical energy storage-related research in the field of batteries. It starts with an introduction to the synthesis of MOF-based materials and various MOF derivatives, such as MOF-derived porous carbon and MOF-derived metal nanoparticles. This is followed by highlighting the interesting examples for electrochemical applications, illustrating recent advances in battery, supercapacitor, and water splitting. This book is interesting and useful to a wide readership in the various fields of chemical science, materials science, and engineering.

Practical skills form the cornerstone of chemistry. However, the diversity of skills required in the laboratory means that a student's experience may be limited. While some techniques do require specific skills, many of them are transferable generic skills that are required throughout the subject area. Limited time constraints of the modern curriculum often preclude or minimise laboratory time. Practical Skills in Chemistry 3rd edition provides a general guidance for use in and out of practical sessions, covering a range of techniques from the basic to the more advanced. This 'one-stop' text will guide you through the wide range of practical, analytical and data handling skills that you will need during your studies. It will also give you a solid grounding in wider transferable skills such as teamwork, using information technology, communicating information and study skills. This edition has been enhanced and updated throughout to provide a complete and easy-to-read guide to the developing skills required from your first day through to graduation, further strengthening its reputation as the practical resource for students of chemistry and related discipline areas.

Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry: New Perspectives presents summaries of the work of some of the most creative researchers in the field. The book highlights the most novel approaches and burgeoning applications of synthetic inorganic chemistry in development. Topics include non-precious metals in catalysis, smart inorganic polymers, new inorganic therapeutics, new photocatalysts for hydrogen production, and more. As the first volume in the Developments in Inorganic Chemistry series, this work is a valuable resource for students and researchers working in inorganic chemistry and material science.