Journalism is in crisis. The rise of the internet through social media and citizen journalism and the financial crisis of 2008 have taken their toll. Thousands of reporters and editors have been laid off; nightly news on the major networks is losing close to one million viewers a year; newspapers have seen declining ad revenues and circulation figures cut in half; and the old business model for newspapers based on advertising and subscriptions appears to be collapsing. Filling the void is commentary, punditry, and even bigotry. It may have an audience, but it's not journalism in the professional sense: a commitment to objectivity and a separation of news and opinion. At this important juncture in the evolution of journalism, Media Smackdown takes a close look at the history of the news media in America in order to address the historical, legal, economic, theoretical, and political issues that affect the practice as well as the changing face and future of journalism.

This collection of essays, the first book-length treatment of its kind, explicates the concept of "media interventions", which are herein defined as activities and projects that secure, exercise, challenge or acquire media power for tactical and strategic action. Drawing on insights from media, communication and cultural studies, contributors offer penetrating analyses of media interventions in a variety of social, political, and cultural settings from culture jamming and DIY media to public relations campaigns and reality television shows. In doing so, the volume develops an analytical framework for examining the complex and contradictory operation of media power in contemporary society. Providing a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the uneven, fluid, and heterogeneous operation of media power, this volume breaks new ground on the theory and practice of media interventions and also contributes to and stimulates the development of a productive line of inquiry into the study of media interventions.

Understanding and minimizing problematic relationships in the workplace are goals shared by those who work in and lead organizations as well as those who study organizations. This volume explores troublesome behaviors and patterns that shape relationships (e.g., hostility, bullying, incivility, and ostracism), presents insights gained from in-depth work on contexts and frameworks (e.g., telework, bureaucracies, cultural dimensions, and tokenism from a feminist perspective), and addresses the potential to restore these relationships to greater wellbeing (e.g., resilience, positive communication, civility, and forgiveness). Written by leading experts on problematic relationships in the workplace, this volume combines scholarship with applications that will be valuable in any organization. The new contributions in this second volume of Problematic Relationships in the Workplace extend the first volume's work by exploring cutting-edge and emerging issues in the field.

This is the first book devoted to the multidisciplinary study of feedback. It presents a comprehensive, evidence-based review of the make-or-break factors that determine the efficacy of criticism, praise, and advice. Its sections deal with fundamental processes of feedback; the problems associated with delivering feedback across social divides such as race; feedback in organizational settings; feedback in the helping professions; and feedback in personal relationships. With engaging and accessible contributions from leading scholars in communication, management, and social, clinical, and educational psychology, the editors conclude with an insightful synthesis of the chapters, extracting how-to principles of feedback that apply across environments and circumstances. A landmark in the study of feedback, the book stakes a claim for the recognition of the topic as a field of enquiry in its own right. Feedback will appeal to scholars and practitioners as a comprehensive review of the state of play in this field; it is also appropriate for use as a text for students in a range of disciplines including communication, psychology, management, health sciences, and counseling.

Travel writers and travel journalists are not the same. They differ in identity, purpose and method. The travel writer looks in a mirror; the travel journalist looks out a window. The travel writer serves the travel industry; the travel journalist serves the public. The travel writer is subsidized; the travel journalist pays his own way. Introduction to Travel Journalism highlights these distinctions and offers independent, ethical, substantive journalists the skills and knowledge they need to cover the travel and tourism industry, to provide travelers with credible news and information, and to report significant trends and developments at home and across the world.

For over half a century, a small set of London-based companies have either created or globally distributed most of the iconic television images of international events. These journalists play a leading role in shaping how we understand the world, yet there has been little study of them and their practices. This book attempts to rectify this gap by providing the first comprehensive study of how television news agencies work, and describing a system of news production which has shaped our shared visual history since the 1950s. Spanning over twenty years of data gathering, document analysis, video content analysis, news production ethnography, and interviews, the book discusses their crucial role as agents of globalization, how they manufacture our image of the world, and their dangerous work providing images of conflict. The book is a tribute to this small and largely unknown tribe of journalists, but is also a warning that the public might better understand the power and potential harm of the system in which they operate.

The Propaganda Society analyzes the rapid expansion of propaganda and promotional activities in the leading "post-industrial" states under the regime of neoliberalism. With the outsourcing of manufacturing, these states have converted to service, selling, and speculative economies, with a concurrent rapid growth of advertising, marketing, public relations, sales management, branding, and other promotional enterprises. Aided by digital technologies and the removal - "deregulation" - of political, legal, administrative, and moral barriers to state and corporate expansion on a global scale, a group of dominant political and commercial actors have brought about a common discourse and convergent set of practices rooted in sophisticated and unprecedented levels of propaganda and promotion. Written by leading scholars in the field, each of the eighteen chapters in this book discuss the ways in which elite uses of propaganda have radically transformed media and information systems, political and public culture, the conduct of war and foreign relations, and the overall behavior of the state.

Press freedom indices such as those administered by Freedom House, IREX, and Reporters Without Borders have emerged as crucial tools, not only for the general public, but also for donors, implementers, and academics in their attempts to understand the relationships among media assistance, democratization, and other forms of development. Bringing together a variety of viewpoints and perspectives on evaluating media assistance, Measures of Press Freedom and Media Contributions to Development offers a critical reflection on the theories and tools of measurements that are used by the academic, donor, and civil society communities. A variety of theoretical and geographic perspectives are drawn upon, offering a timely debate from both academics and practitioners.

Now in its fourth edition, this classic textbook has grown up alongside the newspaper industry. Today, as ever, it provides students of newspaper journalism with a toolkit for gathering news and filling ever-increasing space with first-rate copy for print and online. Detailed and down-to-earth, this book delivers: * Guidance on news gathering, from government and business to sport and religion * Guidance on news writing, drawing on over 300 examples that have appeared in print, discussing why they work or how they could have been better * Guidance on feature writing, including profiles, comment, leading articles, obituaries and reviews * Specific chapters on ethical reporting and the possibilities and pitfalls of investigative journalism * A review of the new financial realities that the internet is imposing on the media. Informed by over half a century's professional experience and fully revised to give a nuanced account of the skills required in an online environment, this book is an essential companion for your journalism degree and beyond.

The EU Expansion analyzes the communication strategies of candidates and parties in the 2004 European Parliamentary elections. These elections marked the first opportunity for the selection of representatives to the enlarged European Parliament. They also provided an important opportunity to study how candidates and parties strike a balance between communicating the need to preserve the sovereignty and culture of their countries with the increasing realization that Europe can only preserve its significance in the world by forging a unified economic and political federation. Research and analysis from both longstanding EU nations and those entering for the first time are provided. Chapters focus on the background and significance of the elections; the content of the party and candidate communications in representative countries; news media coverage of the elections; the effects of these communications on voters; and the unique perspectives of how the elections were covered and perceived around the world.

The EU Expansion analyzes the communication strategies of candidates and parties in the 2004 European Parliamentary elections. These elections marked the first opportunity for the selection of representatives to the enlarged European Parliament. They also provided an important opportunity to study how candidates and parties strike a balance between communicating the need to preserve the sovereignty and culture of their countries with the increasing realization that Europe can only preserve its significance in the world by forging a unified economic and political federation. Research and analysis from both longstanding EU nations and those entering for the first time are provided. Chapters focus on the background and significance of the elections; the content of the party and candidate communications in representative countries; news media coverage of the elections; the effects of these communications on voters; and the unique perspectives of how the elections were covered and perceived around the world.

This book provides a practical and richly informative introduction to feature writing and the broader context in which features journalists operate. As well as covering the key elements and distinctive features that constitute good feature writing, the book also offers a rich resource of real life examples, case studies and exercises. The authors have drawn on their considerable shared experience to provide a solid and engaging grounding in the principles and practice of feature writing. The textbook will explore the possibilities of feature writing, including essential basics, such as: Why journalists become feature writers The difference between news stories and features What features need to contain How to write features The different types of features The text is intended for both those who are studying the media at degree level and those who are wishing to embark on a career in the print industry. It will be invaluable for trainee feature writers.

The papers collected in this volume thematise the relation between language and ecology. In the first part of the book, the focus is on the « ecological aspects of different languages, with special reference to language maintenance, language loss and the influence languages have on each other. In the second part, the representation of environmental topics in the media is studied from a discourse critical point of view. What is the role of language in the development of the ecological crisis and in the attempts to master it? How are environmentally sensitive topics dealt with in the press, in TV programmes and on the radio? The volume also contains papers in which the theory of ecolinguistics is put on firm ground. Die Beitrage dieses Bandes befassen sich mit der Verbindung von Sprache und Okologie. Im ersten Teil wird auf die « okologischen Beziehungen zwischen einzelnen Sprachen eingegangen, bei denen Prozesse der Verdrangung, Mischung und gegenseitigen Beeinflussung ablaufen. Im zweiten Teil wird die Darstellung von Umwelt-Themen in den Medien diskurskritisch beleuchtet. Wie wird mit diesen Themen in der Presse, in Radio- und Fernsehprogrammen umgegangen? Welche Rolle spielt die Sprache ganz allgemein bei der Entstehung und Bewaltigung okologischer Krisen? Der Band enthalt auch programmatische Aufsatze, in denen das Paradigma der Okolinguistik theoretisch begrundet wird. Contents/Aus dem Inhalt: Alwin Fill: Tensional Arches: Language and Ecology. Im Spannungsfeld von Sprache und Okologie -- Peter Finke: Die Nachhaltigkeit der Sprache - Funf ineinander verschachtelte Puppen der linguistischen Okonomie -- Ludwig Fischer: The Conservation of Conversation beyond English --Albert Bastardas-Boada: The Ecological Perspective: Benefits and Risks for Sociolinguistics and Language Policy and Planning -- Wilhelm Trampe: Okologische Linguistik und HumanOkologie -- Karin Wullenweber: Zur Okolinguistik in der Slawistik und den okologischen Diskursen in Russland und Bulgarien -- Jeroen Darquennes/Peter Nelde: Okolinguistik und Minderheitsforschung - Uberlegungen zu einem okolinguistischen Forschungsansatz -- Rosemarie Glaser: Australische Aborigine-Sprachen im Lichte der SprachOkologie -- Rodica Cristina Turcanu: Rezeption und Rezession der rumanisch-deutsch-ungarischen Sprachkontaktelemente in Baia Mare/Rumanien -- Marietta Calderon: Frankophonie in Israel: Ideologisch-identitare Diskurs-(ordnungs)konstruktionen und ihre Wechselwirkungen -- Eva Lavric: Zur Rolle der Muttersprache im Fremdsprachenunterricht. Eine empirische Untersuchung -- Adam Makkai: The Role of the Human Voice in the Eco-Semantics of Human Interaction -- Richard Alexander: Everyone is Talking about 'Sustainable Development'. Can they all Mean the Same Thing? Computer Discourse Analysis of Ecological Texts -- Martin Doring: « Vereint hinterm Deich - Die metaphorische Konstruktion der Wiedervereinigung in der deutschen Presseberichterstattung zur Oderflut 1997 -- Adelaide Chichorro Ferreira: Beitrag zu einem « Hausspracheworterbuch Deutsch-Portugiesisch -- Dieter D. Genske/Ernest W.B. Hess-Luttich: Gesprache ubers Wasser - Ein okosemiotisches Projekt zur Umweltkommunikation im Nord-Sud-Dialog -- Andrea Gerbig: Reprasentation 'gruner' Wirtschaftpolitik in der britischen und deutschen Presse -- Georg Marko: Whales and Language - Critically Analysing Whale-Friendly Discourse -- GernotNeuwirth: Eco-Linguistics - Going Beyond the Text -- Hermine Penz: « Gentechnik ganz einfach erklart - Gentechnikdiskurs in der Talkshow -- Gesine Lenore Schiewer: Sind gesellschaftliche Diskurse uber Technikfolgen rational? Kooperative Verstandigung in kommunikationstheoretischer Perspektive -- Jorgen Door/Jorgen Chr. Bang: Ecology, Ethics and Communication - An Essay in Eco-linguistics -- Jeppe Bundsgaard/Sune Steffensen: The Dialectics of Ecological Morphology -- Anna Vibeke Lindo/Simon S. Simonsen: An Ecolinguistic Reading of a Scientific Text on Psychoneuroimmunology -- Marietta Calderon: Metadiskursive Uberlegungen zu intradisziplinar-interkulturellen Herausforderungen im Hinblick auf ihre mogliche Relevanz fur sprachokologisches Arbeiten -- Orsoly Koskai: Okolinguistik jenseits der Eindimensionalitat -- Harald Nilsen: Learning Norwegian as a Second Language (NSL) through E-mail Correspondence between Russian Immigrants and Natives of Norway - A Critical Investigation -- Manoel Soares Sarmento: Ecoloxicography - Ecological and Unecological Words and Expressions.

Im Mittelpunkt der strukturgeschichtlichen Untersuchung steht die Frage nach dem Einfluss des Ministeriums fur Staatssicherheit auf Befehl der SED-Partei- und Staatsfuhrung auf die DDR-Zeitungen am Beispiel der drei ehemaligen Bezirksparteizeitungen. Alle Medien, insbesondere die SED-Bezirksparteizeitungen, leisteten ihren Beitrag bis zum Ende der DDR, das politische System zu stabilisieren und gegenuber der Bevolkerung zu legitimieren. Journalisten im Staats- und Parteidienst betatigten sich als Propagandisten und Agitatoren gleichermassen. Die Studie verdeutlicht erstmals das politisch-ideologische Beziehungsgeflecht im totalitaren DDR-System, ohne das Medien-SED-MfS-Syndrom in viele Einzelgeschichten von kurzlebiger Aktualitat aufzusplittern. (Franz Steiner 1997)

This book reflects the vigorous interest in studies of business discourse(s) and culture(s) emerging from various Asian communities. It also records the diversity of methodological approaches, ontological perspectives and topics characterising a number of studies conducted by Asian and Western scholars on cultural and linguistic strategies and preferences identifiable in Asian or Asian-Western business interactions. The volume is structured in two parts, including chapters that address linguistic and textual issues (Part I) and cultural and pragmatic issues (Part II) of Asian business discourse(s). Even though the different domains identified--"linguistic, textual, pragmatic and cultural--"have been combined to provide useful organising labels, they remain strictly interrelated as their occurrence and variation have significant implications on one another.

The Encyclopedia of the British Press is a long awaited reference book, invaluable for journalists, historians and anyone interested in the history of newspapers. It contains biographies of editors, journalists, press magnates and other people with a formative influence on the British Press since 1422. Together they form a rich archive with entries covering a wide range of people: famous newspaper dynasties such as the Aitkens, Berrys and Harmsworths; newspaper giants, such as Caxton, and Daniel Defoe, regarded by many as the "father of English journalism"; and at the other end of the spectrum low-life characters such as the nineteenth century editor, Charles Westmacott, who used his paper as a vehicle for blackmail, and Henry Bate, known as the 'fighting parson' for the duels he fought whilst editor of the Morning Post. Entries on newspapers include all the present nationals and regionals, as well as many historical papers, such as the Pall Mall Gazette, North Briton, Daily Courant, Charles Dickens' Household Words and The Review, launched in 1713, which was the first paper to offer opinion on political affairs - the forerunner of modern editorials. The encyclopedia opens with a series of six definitive essays charting the long and chequered career of the British Press from 1476 when William Caxton set up the first press in Westminster, and his apprentice Wynkyn de Worde started the first printing business in Fleet Street. It follows the changing patterns of newspapers from the seventeenth century - when many were opposed to newspapers on the grounds that "it makes the Multitude too familiar with the actions and Counsels of their superiors" (Sir Roger L'Estrange 1663), - to the suddengrowth of the provincial press in the eighteenth century, changes in distribution in the nineteenth century, abolition of the stamp tax, and finally the revolutionary changes of the twentieth century which included the unprecedented leap in circulation after the First World War, the concentration of papers in the hands of a few press barons in the thirties, wartime privations, growth of free newspapers, and finally the advent of new technology in the 1980s and the bitter labour disputes that ensued. In addition the encyclopedia contains a detailed chronology, numerous appendices, lists of editors of each newspaper, and finally an exhaustive bibliography arranged by subject. In 1881 Charles Pebody wrote "It ought to be one of the most interesting works upon our library shelves ... never was an institution better deserved to have its history written than the Newspaper Press". Over a century later this ground-breaking encyclopedia is published specifically to redress the balance.

Junior High Journalism, the leading junior high journalism textbook on the market, is used in classrooms throughout the country. It can be used for a complete course, a semester or six-week unit, or as a part of the English program. Every aspect of journalism is presented appropriately for the junior high age group. Relevant examples from current junior high publications from around the country are included. The Student's Workbook and Teacher's Workbook provide detailed review and activities that complement each chapter.