This book describes efforts to improve subject-independent automated classification techniques using a better feature extraction method and a more efficient model of classification. It evaluates three popular saliency criteria for feature selection, showing that they share common limitations, including time-consuming and subjective manual de-facto standard practice, and that existing automated efforts have been predominantly used for subject dependent setting. It then proposes a novel approach for anomaly detection, demonstrating its effectiveness and accuracy for automated classification of biomedical data, and arguing its applicability to a wider range of unsupervised machine learning applications in subject-independent settings.

This state-of-the-art survey is dedicated to the memory of Emmanuil Markovich Braverman (1931-1977), a pioneer in developing machine learning theory. The 12 revised full papers and 4 short papers included in this volume were presented at the conference "Braverman Readings in Machine Learning: Key Ideas from Inception to Current State" held in Boston, MA, USA, in April 2017, commemorating the 40th anniversary of Emmanuil Braverman's decease. The papers present an overview of some of Braverman's ideas and approaches. The collection is divided in three parts. The first part bridges the past and the present and covers the concept of kernel function and its application to signal and image analysis as well as clustering. The second part presents a set of extensions of Braverman's work to issues of current interest both in theory and applications of machine learning. The third part includes short essays by a friend, a student, and a colleague.

Entering the field of artificial intelligence and data science can seem daunting to beginners with little to no prior background, especially those with no programming experience. The concepts used in self-driving cars and virtual assistants like Amazon's Alexa may seem very complex and difficult to grasp. The aim of Artificial Intelligence in Python is to make AI accessible and easy to understand for people with little to no programming experience though practical exercises. Newcomers will gain the necessary knowledge on how to create such systems, which are capable of executing tasks that require some form of human-like intelligence. This book introduces readers to various topics and examples of programming in Python, as well as key concepts in artificial intelligence. Python programming skills will be imparted as we go along. Concepts and code snippets will be covered in a step-by-step manner, to guide and instill confidence in beginners. Complex subjects in deep learning and machine learning will be broken down into easy-to-digest content and examples. Artificial intelligence implementations will also be shared, allowing beginners to generate their own artificial intelligence algorithms for reinforcement learning, style transfer, chatbots, speech, and natural language processing.

Lifelong Machine Learning, Second Edition is an introduction to an advanced machine learning paradigm that continuously learns by accumulating past knowledge that it then uses in future learning and problem solving. In contrast, the current dominant machine learning paradigm learns in isolation: given a training dataset, it runs a machine learning algorithm on the dataset to produce a model that is then used in its intended application. It makes no attempt to retain the learned knowledge and use it in subsequent learning. Unlike this isolated system, humans learn effectively with only a few examples precisely because our learning is very knowledge-driven: the knowledge learned in the past helps us learn new things with little data or effort. Lifelong learning aims to emulate this capability, because without it, an AI system cannot be considered truly intelligent. Research in lifelong learning has developed significantly in the relatively short time since the first edition of this book was published. The purpose of this second edition is to expand the definition of lifelong learning, update the content of several chapters, and add a new chapter about continual learning in deep neural networks-which has been actively researched over the past two or three years. A few chapters have also been reorganized to make each of them more coherent for the reader. Moreover, the authors want to propose a unified framework for the research area. Currently, there are several research topics in machine learning that are closely related to lifelong learning-most notably, multi-task learning, transfer learning, and meta-learning-because they also employ the idea of knowledge sharing and transfer. This book brings all these topics under one roof and discusses their similarities and differences. Its goal is to introduce this emerging machine learning paradigm and present a comprehensive survey and review of the important research results and latest ideas in the area. This book is thus suitable for students, researchers, and practitioners who are interested in machine learning, data mining, natural language processing, or pattern recognition. Lecturers can readily use the book for courses in any of these related fields.

The increasing abundance of large high-quality datasets, combined with significant technical advances over the last several decades have made machine learning into a major tool employed across a broad array of tasks including vision, language, finance, and security. However, success has been accompanied with important new challenges: many applications of machine learning are adversarial in nature. Some are adversarial because they are safety critical, such as autonomous driving. An adversary in these applications can be a malicious party aimed at causing congestion or accidents, or may even model unusual situations that expose vulnerabilities in the prediction engine. Other applications are adversarial because their task and/or the data they use are. For example, an important class of problems in security involves detection, such as malware, spam, and intrusion detection. The use of machine learning for detecting malicious entities creates an incentive among adversaries to evade detection by changing their behavior or the content of malicius objects they develop. The field of adversarial machine learning has emerged to study vulnerabilities of machine learning approaches in adversarial settings and to develop techniques to make learning robust to adversarial manipulation. This book provides a technical overview of this field. After reviewing machine learning concepts and approaches, as well as common use cases of these in adversarial settings, we present a general categorization of attacks on machine learning. We then address two major categories of attacks and associated defenses: decision-time attacks, in which an adversary changes the nature of instances seen by a learned model at the time of prediction in order to cause errors, and poisoning or training time attacks, in which the actual training dataset is maliciously modified. In our final chapter devoted to technical content, we discuss recent techniques for attacks on deep learning, as well as approaches for improving robustness of deep neural networks. We conclude with a discussion of several important issues in the area of adversarial learning that in our view warrant further research. Given the increasing interest in the area of adversarial machine learning, we hope this book provides readers with the tools necessary to successfully engage in research and practice of machine learning in adversarial settings.

This book explores some of the emerging scientific and technological areas in which the need for data analytics arises and is likely to play a significant role in the years to come. At the dawn of the 4th Industrial Revolution, data analytics is emerging as a force that drives towards dramatic changes in our daily lives, the workplace and human relationships. Synergies between physical, digital, biological and energy sciences and technologies, brought together by non-traditional data collection and analysis, drive the digital economy at all levels and offer new, previously-unavailable opportunities. The need for data analytics arises in most modern scientific disciplines, including engineering; natural-, computer- and information sciences; economics; business; commerce; environment; healthcare; and life sciences. Coming as the third volume under the general title MACHINE LEARNING PARADIGMS, the book includes an editorial note (Chapter 1) and an additional 12 chapters, and is divided into five parts: (1) Data Analytics in the Medical, Biological and Signal Sciences, (2) Data Analytics in Social Studies and Social Interactions, (3) Data Analytics in Traffic, Computer and Power Networks, (4) Data Analytics for Digital Forensics, and (5) Theoretical Advances and Tools for Data Analytics. This research book is intended for both experts/researchers in the field of data analytics, and readers working in the fields of artificial and computational intelligence as well as computer science in general who wish to learn more about the field of data analytics and its applications. An extensive list of bibliographic references at the end of each chapter guides readers to probe further into the application areas of interest to them.

'A manual for the 21st-century citizen... accessible, refreshingly critical, relevant and urgent' - Financial Times 'Fascinating and deeply disturbing' - Yuval Noah Harari, Guardian Books of the Year In this New York Times bestseller, Cathy O'Neil, one of the first champions of algorithmic accountability, sounds an alarm on the mathematical models that pervade modern life -- and threaten to rip apart our social fabric. We live in the age of the algorithm. Increasingly, the decisions that affect our lives - where we go to school, whether we get a loan, how much we pay for insurance - are being made not by humans, but by mathematical models. In theory, this should lead to greater fairness: everyone is judged according to the same rules, and bias is eliminated. And yet, as Cathy O'Neil reveals in this urgent and necessary book, the opposite is true. The models being used today are opaque, unregulated, and incontestable, even when they're wrong. Most troubling, they reinforce discrimination. Tracing the arc of a person's life, O'Neil exposes the black box models that shape our future, both as individuals and as a society. These "weapons of math destruction" score teachers and students, sort CVs, grant or deny loans, evaluate workers, target voters, and monitor our health. O'Neil calls on modellers to take more responsibility for their algorithms and on policy makers to regulate their use. But in the end, it's up to us to become more savvy about the models that govern our lives. This important book empowers us to ask the tough questions, uncover the truth, and demand change.

This book not only discusses the important topics in the area of machine learning and combinatorial optimization, it also combines them into one. This was decisive for choosing the material to be included in the book and determining its order of presentation. Decision trees are a popular method of classification as well as of knowledge representation. At the same time, they are easy to implement as the building blocks of an ensemble of classifiers. Admittedly, however, the task of constructing a near-optimal decision tree is a very complex process. The good results typically achieved by the ant colony optimization algorithms when dealing with combinatorial optimization problems suggest the possibility of also using that approach for effectively constructing decision trees. The underlying rationale is that both problem classes can be presented as graphs. This fact leads to option of considering a larger spectrum of solutions than those based on the heuristic. Moreover, ant colony optimization algorithms can be used to advantage when building ensembles of classifiers. This book is a combination of a research monograph and a textbook. It can be used in graduate courses, but is also of interest to researchers, both specialists in machine learning and those applying machine learning methods to cope with problems from any field of R&D.

This book provides theoretical and practical knowledge about a methodology for evolutionary algorithm-based search strategy with the integration of several machine learning and deep learning techniques. These include convolutional neural networks, Groebner bases, relevance vector machines, transfer learning, bagging and boosting methods, clustering techniques (affinity propagation), and belief networks, among others. The development of such tools contributes to better optimizing methodologies. Beginning with the essentials of evolutionary algorithms and covering interdisciplinary research topics, the contents of this book are valuable for different classes of readers: novice, intermediate, and also expert readers from related fields.Following the chapters on introduction and basic methods, Chapter 3 details a new research direction, i.e., neuro-evolution, an evolutionary method for the generation of deep neural networks, and also describes how evolutionary methods are extended in combination with machine learning techniques. Chapter 4 includes novel methods such as particle swarm optimization based on affinity propagation (PSOAP), and transfer learning for differential evolution (TRADE), another machine learning approach for extending differential evolution. The last chapter is dedicated to the state of the art in gene regulatory network (GRN) research as one of the most interesting and active research fields. The author describes an evolving reaction network, which expands the neuro-evolution methodology to produce a type of genetic network suitable for biochemical systems and has succeeded in designing genetic circuits in synthetic biology. The author also presents real-world GRN application to several artificial intelligent tasks, proposing a framework of motion generation by GRNs (MONGERN), which evolves GRNs to operate a real humanoid robot.

Social choice theory deals with aggregating the preferences of multiple individuals regarding several available alternatives, a situation colloquially known as voting. There are many different voting rules in use and even more in the literature, owing to the various considerations such an aggregation method should take into account. The analysis of voting scenarios becomes particularly challenging in the presence of strategic voters, that is, voters that misreport their true preferences in an attempt to obtain a more favorable outcome. In a world that is tightly connected by the Internet, where multiple groups with complex incentives make frequent joint decisions, the interest in strategic voting exceeds the scope of political science and is a focus of research in economics, game theory, sociology, mathematics, and computer science. The book has two parts. The first part asks "are there voting rules that are truthful?" in the sense that all voters have an incentive to report their true preferences. The seminal Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem excludes the existence of such voting rules under certain requirements. From this starting point, we survey both extensions of the theorem and various conditions under which truthful voting is made possible (such as restricted preference domains). We also explore the connections with other problems of mechanism design such as locating a facility that serves multiple users. In the second part, we ask "what would be the outcome when voters do vote strategically?" rather than trying to prevent such behavior. We overview various game-theoretic models and equilibrium concepts from the literature, demonstrate how they apply to voting games, and discuss their implications on social welfare. We conclude with a brief survey of empirical and experimental findings that could play a key role in future development of game theoretic voting models.

This book lies at the interface of machine learning - a subfield of computer science that develops algorithms for challenging tasks such as shape or image recognition, where traditional algorithms fail - and photonics - the physical science of light, which underlies many of the optical communications technologies used in our information society. It provides a thorough introduction to reservoir computing and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Recently, photonic implementations of reservoir computing (a machine learning algorithm based on artificial neural networks) have made a breakthrough in optical computing possible. In this book, the author pushes the performance of these systems significantly beyond what was achieved before. By interfacing a photonic reservoir computer with a high-speed electronic device (an FPGA), the author successfully interacts with the reservoir computer in real time, allowing him to considerably expand its capabilities and range of possible applications. Furthermore, the author draws on his expertise in machine learning and FPGA programming to make progress on a very different problem, namely the real-time image analysis of optical coherence tomography for atherosclerotic arteries.

The book covers tools in the study of online social networks such as machine learning techniques, clustering, and deep learning. A variety of theoretical aspects, application domains, and case studies for analyzing social network data are covered. The aim is to provide new perspectives on utilizing machine learning and related scientific methods and techniques for social network analysis. Machine Learning Techniques for Online Social Networks will appeal to researchers and students in these fields.

Deep Learning for Robot Perception and Cognition introduces a broad range of topics and methods in deep learning for robot perception and cognition together with end-to-end methodologies. The book provides the conceptual and mathematical background needed for approaching a large number of robot perception and cognition tasks from an end-to-end learning point-of-view. The book is suitable for students, university and industry researchers and practitioners in Robotic Vision, Intelligent Control, Mechatronics, Deep Learning, Robotic Perception and Cognition tasks.

The Volume of "Advances in Machine Learning and Data Science - Recent Achievements and Research Directives" constitutes the proceedings of First International Conference on Latest Advances in Machine Learning and Data Science (LAMDA 2017). The 37 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 123 submissions. These days we find many computer programs that exhibit various useful learning methods and commercial applications. Goal of machine learning is to develop computer programs that can learn from experience. Machine learning involves knowledge from various disciplines like, statistics, information theory, artificial intelligence, computational complexity, cognitive science and biology. For problems like handwriting recognition, algorithms that are based on machine learning out perform all other approaches. Both machine learning and data science are interrelated. Data science is an umbrella term to be used for techniques that clean data and extract useful information from data. In field of data science, machine learning algorithms are used frequently to identify valuable knowledge from commercial databases containing records of different industries, financial transactions, medical records, etc. The main objective of this book is to provide an overview on latest advancements in the field of machine learning and data science, with solutions to problems in field of image, video, data and graph processing, pattern recognition, data structuring, data clustering, pattern mining, association rule based approaches, feature extraction techniques, neural networks, bio inspired learning and various machine learning algorithms.

This book provides a perspective on the application of machine learning-based methods in knowledge discovery from natural languages texts. By analysing various data sets, conclusions which are not normally evident, emerge and can be used for various purposes and applications. The book provides explanations of principles of time-proven machine learning algorithms applied in text mining together with step-by-step demonstrations of how to reveal the semantic contents in real-world datasets using the popular R-language with its implemented machine learning algorithms. The book is not only aimed at IT specialists, but is meant for a wider audience that needs to process big sets of text documents and has basic knowledge of the subject, e.g. e-mail service providers, online shoppers, librarians, etc. The book starts with an introduction to text-based natural language data processing and its goals and problems. It focuses on machine learning, presenting various algorithms with their use and possibilities, and reviews the positives and negatives. Beginning with the initial data pre-processing, a reader can follow the steps provided in the R-language including the subsuming of various available plug-ins into the resulting software tool. A big advantage is that R also contains many libraries implementing machine learning algorithms, so a reader can concentrate on the principal target without the need to implement the details of the algorithms her- or himself. To make sense of the results, the book also provides explanations of the algorithms, which supports the final evaluation and interpretation of the results. The examples are demonstrated using realworld data from commonly accessible Internet sources.

This book presents the first "How To" guide to the use of radial basis functions (RBF). It provides a clear vision of their potential, an overview of ready-for-use computational tools and precise guidelines to implement new engineering applications of RBF. Radial basis functions (RBF) are a mathematical tool mature enough for useful engineering applications. Their mathematical foundation is well established and the tool has proven to be effective in many fields, as the mathematical framework can be adapted in several ways. A candidate application can be faced considering the features of RBF: multidimensional space (including 2D and 3D), numerous radial functions available, global and compact support, interpolation/regression. This great flexibility makes RBF attractive - and their great potential has only been partially discovered. This is because of the difficulty in taking a first step toward RBF as they are not commonly part of engineers' cultural background, but also due to the numerical complexity of RBF problems that scales up very quickly with the number of RBF centers. Fast RBF algorithms are available to alleviate this and high-performance computing (HPC) can provide further aid. Nevertheless, a consolidated tradition in using RBF in engineering applications is still missing and the beginner can be confused by the literature, which in many cases is presented with language and symbolisms familiar to mathematicians but which can be cryptic for engineers. The book is divided in two main sections. The first covers the foundations of RBF, the tools available for their quick implementation and guidelines for facing new challenges; the second part is a collection of practical RBF applications in engineering, covering several topics, including response surface interpolation in n-dimensional spaces, mapping of magnetic loads, mapping of pressure loads, up-scaling of flow fields, stress/strain analysis by experimental displacement fields, implicit surfaces, mesh to cad deformation, mesh morphing for crack propagation in 3D, ice and snow accretion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data, shape optimization for external aerodynamics, and use of adjoint data for surface sculpting. For each application, the complete path is clearly and consistently exposed using the systematic approach defined in the first section.

This definitive guide to Machine Learning projects answers the problems an aspiring or experienced data scientist frequently has: Confused on what technology to use for your ML development? Should I use GOFAI, ANN/DNN or Transfer Learning? Can I rely on AutoML for model development? What if the client provides me Gig and Terabytes of data for developing analytic models? How do I handle high-frequency dynamic datasets? This book provides the practitioner with a consolidation of the entire data science process in a single "Cheat Sheet". The challenge for a data scientist is to extract meaningful information from huge datasets that will help to create better strategies for businesses. Many Machine Learning algorithms and Neural Networks are designed to do analytics on such datasets. For a data scientist, it is a daunting decision as to which algorithm to use for a given dataset. Although there is no single answer to this question, a systematic approach to problem solving is necessary. This book describes the various ML algorithms conceptually and defines/discusses a process in the selection of ML/DL models. The consolidation of available algorithms and techniques for designing efficient ML models is the key aspect of this book. Thinking Data Science will help practising data scientists, academicians, researchers, and students who want to build ML models using the appropriate algorithms and architectures, whether the data be small or big.

This Book discusses machine learning for model order reduction, which can be used in modern VLSI design to predict the behavior of an electronic circuit, via mathematical models that predict behavior. The author describes techniques to reduce significantly the time required for simulations involving large-scale ordinary differential equations, which sometimes take several days or even weeks. This method is called model order reduction (MOR), which reduces the complexity of the original large system and generates a reduced-order model (ROM) to represent the original one. Readers will gain in-depth knowledge of machine learning and model order reduction concepts, the tradeoffs involved with using various algorithms, and how to apply the techniques presented to circuit simulations and numerical analysis. Introduces machine learning algorithms at the architecture level and the algorithm levels of abstraction; Describes new, hybrid solutions for model order reduction; Presents machine learning algorithms in depth, but simply; Uses real, industrial applications to verify algorithms.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the third International Conference on Advanced Machine Learning Technologies and Applications, AMLTA 2018, held in Cairo, Egypt, on February 22-24, 2018, and organized by the Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE). The papers cover current research in machine learning, big data, Internet of Things, biomedical engineering, fuzzy logic, security, and intelligence swarms and optimization.

This book combines the advantages of high-dimensional data visualization and machine learning in the context of identifying complex n-D data patterns. It vastly expands the class of reversible lossless 2-D and 3-D visualization methods, which preserve the n-D information. This class of visual representations, called the General Lines Coordinates (GLCs), is accompanied by a set of algorithms for n-D data classification, clustering, dimension reduction, and Pareto optimization. The mathematical and theoretical analyses and methodology of GLC are included, and the usefulness of this new approach is demonstrated in multiple case studies. These include the Challenger disaster, world hunger data, health monitoring, image processing, text classification, market forecasts for a currency exchange rate, computer-aided medical diagnostics, and others. As such, the book offers a unique resource for students, researchers, and practitioners in the emerging field of Data Science.

This two volume set constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the Second International Conference on Machine Learning and Intelligent Communications, MLICOM 2017, held in Weihai, China, in August 2017. The 143 revised full papers were carefully selected from 225 submissions. The papers are organized thematically in machine learning, intelligent positioning and navigation, intelligent multimedia processing and security, intelligent wireless mobile network and security, cognitive radio and intelligent networking, intelligent internet of things, intelligent satellite communications and networking, intelligent remote sensing, visual computing and three-dimensional modeling, green communication and intelligent networking, intelligent ad-hoc and sensor networks, intelligent resource allocation in wireless and cloud networks, intelligent signal processing in wireless and optical communications, intelligent radar signal processing, intelligent cooperative communications and networking.

This two volume set constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the Second International Conference on Machine Learning and Intelligent Communications, MLICOM 2017, held in Weihai, China, in August 2017. The 143 revised full papers were carefully selected from 225 submissions. The papers are organized thematically in machine learning, intelligent positioning and navigation, intelligent multimedia processing and security, intelligent wireless mobile network and security, cognitive radio and intelligent networking, intelligent internet of things, intelligent satellite communications and networking, intelligent remote sensing, visual computing and three-dimensional modeling, green communication and intelligent networking, intelligent ad-hoc and sensor networks, intelligent resource allocation in wireless and cloud networks, intelligent signal processing in wireless and optical communications, intelligent radar signal processing, intelligent cooperative communications and networking.

Human decision-making often transcends our formal models of "rationality." Designing intelligent agents that interact proficiently with people necessitates the modeling of human behavior and the prediction of their decisions. In this book, we explore the task of automatically predicting human decision-making and its use in designing intelligent human-aware automated computer systems of varying natures-from purely conflicting interaction settings (e.g., security and games) to fully cooperative interaction settings (e.g., autonomous driving and personal robotic assistants). We explore the techniques, algorithms, and empirical methodologies for meeting the challenges that arise from the above tasks and illustrate major benefits from the use of these computational solutions in real-world application domains such as security, negotiations, argumentative interactions, voting systems, autonomous driving, and games. The book presents both the traditional and classical methods as well as the most recent and cutting edge advances, providing the reader with a panorama of the challenges and solutions in predicting human decision-making.

This book develops a machine-learning framework for predicting economic growth. It can also be considered as a primer for using machine learning (also known as data mining or data analytics) to answer economic questions. While machine learning itself is not a new idea, advances in computing technology combined with a dawning realization of its applicability to economic questions makes it a new tool for economists.

The three volume proceedings LNAI 10534 - 10536 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2017, held in Skopje, Macedonia, in September 2017. The total of 101 regular papers presented in part I and part II was carefully reviewed and selected from 364 submissions; there are 47 papers in the applied data science, nectar and demo track. The contributions were organized in topical sections named as follows: Part I: anomaly detection; computer vision; ensembles and meta learning; feature selection and extraction; kernel methods; learning and optimization, matrix and tensor factorization; networks and graphs; neural networks and deep learning. Part II: pattern and sequence mining; privacy and security; probabilistic models and methods; recommendation; regression; reinforcement learning; subgroup discovery; time series and streams; transfer and multi-task learning; unsupervised and semisupervised learning. Part III: applied data science track; nectar track; and demo track.