This book develops a conceptual understanding of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning and Machine Learning in the truest sense of the word. It is an earnest endeavor to unravel what is happening at the algorithmic level, to grasp how applications are being built and to show the long adventurous road in the future. An Intuitive Exploration of Artificial Intelligence offers insightful details on how AI works and solves problems in computer vision, natural language understanding, speech understanding, reinforcement learning and synthesis of new content. From the classic problem of recognizing cats and dogs, to building autonomous vehicles, to translating text into another language, to automatically converting speech into text and back to speech, to generating neural art, to playing games, and the author's own experience in building solutions in industry, this book is about explaining how exactly the myriad applications of AI flow out of its immense potential. The book is intended to serve as a textbook for graduate and senior-level undergraduate courses in AI. Moreover, since the book provides a strong geometrical intuition about advanced mathematical foundations of AI, practitioners and researchers will equally benefit from the book.

This book introduces to blockchain and deep learning and explores and illustrates the current and new trends that integrate them. The pace and speeds for connectivity are certain on the ascend. Blockchain and deep learning are twin technologies that are integral to integrity and relevance of network contents. Since they are data-driven technologies, rapidly growing interests exist to incorporate them in efficient and secure data sharing and analysis applications. Blockchain and deep learning are sentinel contemporary research technologies. This book provides a comprehensive reference for blockchain and deep learning by covering all important topics. It identifies the bedrock principles and forward projecting methodologies that illuminate the trajectory of developments for the decades ahead.

Based on the author's experience in teaching data science for more than 10 years, Mathematics and Programming for Machine Learning with R: From the Ground Up reveals how machine learning algorithms do their magic and explains how these algorithms can be implemented in code. It is designed to provide readers with an understanding of the reasoning behind machine learning algorithms as well as how to program them. Written for novice programmers, the book progresses step-by-step, providing the coding skills needed to implement machine learning algorithms in R. The book begins with simple implementations and fundamental concepts of logic, sets, and probability before moving to the coverage of powerful deep learning algorithms. The first eight chapters deal with probability-based machine learning algorithms, and the last eight chapters deal with machine learning based on artificial neural networks. The first half of the book does not require mathematical sophistication, although familiarity with probability and statistics would be helpful. The second half assumes the reader is familiar with at least one semester of calculus. The text guides novice R programmers through algorithms and their application and along the way; the reader gains programming confidence in tackling advanced R programming challenges. Highlights of the book include: More than 400 exercises A strong emphasis on improving programming skills and guiding beginners to the implementation of full-fledged algorithms Coverage of fundamental computer and mathematical concepts including logic, sets, and probability In-depth explanations of machine learning algorithms

This book presents the state of the art in distributed machine learning algorithms that are based on gradient optimization methods. In the big data era, large-scale datasets pose enormous challenges for the existing machine learning systems. As such, implementing machine learning algorithms in a distributed environment has become a key technology, and recent research has shown gradient-based iterative optimization to be an effective solution. Focusing on methods that can speed up large-scale gradient optimization through both algorithm optimizations and careful system implementations, the book introduces three essential techniques in designing a gradient optimization algorithm to train a distributed machine learning model: parallel strategy, data compression and synchronization protocol. Written in a tutorial style, it covers a range of topics, from fundamental knowledge to a number of carefully designed algorithms and systems of distributed machine learning. It will appeal to a broad audience in the field of machine learning, artificial intelligence, big data and database management.

A comprehensive guide to learning technologies that unlock the value in big data Cognitive Computing provides detailed guidance toward building a new class of systems that learn from experience and derive insights to unlock the value of big data. This book helps technologists understand cognitive computing's underlying technologies, from knowledge representation techniques and natural language processing algorithms to dynamic learning approaches based on accumulated evidence, rather than reprogramming. Detailed case examples from the financial, healthcare, and manufacturing walk readers step-by-step through the design and testing of cognitive systems, and expert perspectives from organizations such as Cleveland Clinic, Memorial Sloan-Kettering, as well as commercial vendors that are creating solutions. These organizations provide insight into the real-world implementation of cognitive computing systems. The IBM Watson cognitive computing platform is described in a detailed chapter because of its significance in helping to define this emerging market. In addition, the book includes implementations of emerging projects from Qualcomm, Hitachi, Google and Amazon. Today's cognitive computing solutions build on established concepts from artificial intelligence, natural language processing, ontologies, and leverage advances in big data management and analytics. They foreshadow an intelligent infrastructure that enables a new generation of customer and context-aware smart applications in all industries. Cognitive Computing is a comprehensive guide to the subject, providing both the theoretical and practical guidance technologists need. * Discover how cognitive computing evolved from promise to reality * Learn the elements that make up a cognitive computing system * Understand the groundbreaking hardware and software technologies behind cognitive computing * Learn to evaluate your own application portfolio to find the best candidates for pilot projects * Leverage cognitive computing capabilities to transform the organization Cognitive systems are rightly being hailed as the new era of computing. Learn how these technologies enable emerging firms to compete with entrenched giants, and forward-thinking established firms to disrupt their industries. Professionals who currently work with big data and analytics will see how cognitive computing builds on their foundation, and creates new opportunities. Cognitive Computing provides complete guidance to this new level of human-machine interaction.

This book combines the advantages of high-dimensional data visualization and machine learning in the context of identifying complex n-D data patterns. It vastly expands the class of reversible lossless 2-D and 3-D visualization methods, which preserve the n-D information. This class of visual representations, called the General Lines Coordinates (GLCs), is accompanied by a set of algorithms for n-D data classification, clustering, dimension reduction, and Pareto optimization. The mathematical and theoretical analyses and methodology of GLC are included, and the usefulness of this new approach is demonstrated in multiple case studies. These include the Challenger disaster, world hunger data, health monitoring, image processing, text classification, market forecasts for a currency exchange rate, computer-aided medical diagnostics, and others. As such, the book offers a unique resource for students, researchers, and practitioners in the emerging field of Data Science.

Industrial Applications of Machine Learning shows how machine learning can be applied to address real-world problems in the fourth industrial revolution, and provides the required knowledge and tools to empower readers to build their own solutions based on theory and practice. The book introduces the fourth industrial revolution and its current impact on organizations and society. It explores machine learning fundamentals, and includes four case studies that address a real-world problem in the manufacturing or logistics domains, and approaches machine learning solutions from an application-oriented point of view. The book should be of special interest to researchers interested in real-world industrial problems. Features Describes the opportunities, challenges, issues, and trends offered by the fourth industrial revolution Provides a user-friendly introduction to machine learning with examples of cutting-edge applications in different industrial sectors Includes four case studies addressing real-world industrial problems solved with machine learning techniques A dedicated website for the book contains the datasets of the case studies for the reader's reproduction, enabling the groundwork for future problem-solving Uses of three of the most widespread software and programming languages within the engineering and data science communities, namely R, Python, and Weka

This book discusses computer vision, a noncontact as well as a nondestructive technique involving the development of theoretical and algorithmic tools for automatic visual understanding and recognition which finds huge applications in agricultural productions. It also entails how rendering of machine learning techniques to computer vision algorithms is boosting this sector with better productivity by developing more precise systems. Computer vision and machine learning (CV-ML) helps in plant disease assessment along with crop condition monitoring to control the degradation of yield, quality, and severe financial loss for farmers. Significant scientific and technological advances have been made in defect assessment, quality grading, disease recognition, pests, insects, fruits, and vegetable types recognition and evaluation of a wide range of agricultural plants, crops, leaves, and fruits. The book discusses intelligent robots developed with the touch of CV-ML which can help farmers to perform various tasks like planting, weeding, harvesting, plant health monitoring, and so on. The topics covered in the book include plant, leaf, and fruit disease detection, crop health monitoring, applications of robots in agriculture, precision farming, assessment of product quality and defects, pest, insect, fruits, and vegetable types recognition.

The method of sparsity has been attracting a lot of attention in the fields related not only to signal processing, machine learning, and statistics, but also systems and control. The method is known as compressed sensing, compressive sampling, sparse representation, or sparse modeling. More recently, the sparsity method has been applied to systems and control to design resource-aware control systems. This book gives a comprehensive guide to sparsity methods for systems and control, from standard sparsity methods in finite-dimensional vector spaces (Part I) to optimal control methods in infinite-dimensional function spaces (Part II).The primary objective of this book is to show how to use sparsity methods for several engineering problems. For this, the author provides MATLAB programs by which the reader can try sparsity methods for themselves. Readers will obtain a deep understanding of sparsity methods by running these MATLAB programs. Sparsity Methods for Systems and Control is suitable for graduate level university courses, though it should also be comprehendible to undergraduate students who have a basic knowledge of linear algebra and elementary calculus. Also, especially part II of the book should appeal to professional researchers and engineers who are interested in applying sparsity methods to systems and control.

This book gathers together much of the author's work - both old and new - to explore a number of the key increases in complexity seen in the natural world, seeking to explain each of them purely in terms of the features of fitness landscapes. In a very straightforward manner, the book introduces basic concepts to help readers follow the main ideas. By using variations of the NK model and including the concept of the Baldwin effect, the author presents new abstract models that are able to explain why sources of evolutionary innovation (genomes, symbiosis, sex, chromosomes, multicellularity) have been selected for and hence how complexity has increased over time in some lineages.

A groundbreaking, authoritative introduction to how machine learning can be applied to asset pricing Investors in financial markets are faced with an abundance of potentially value-relevant information from a wide variety of different sources. In such data-rich, high-dimensional environments, techniques from the rapidly advancing field of machine learning (ML) are well-suited for solving prediction problems. Accordingly, ML methods are quickly becoming part of the toolkit in asset pricing research and quantitative investing. In this book, Stefan Nagel examines the promises and challenges of ML applications in asset pricing. Asset pricing problems are substantially different from the settings for which ML tools were developed originally. To realize the potential of ML methods, they must be adapted for the specific conditions in asset pricing applications. Economic considerations, such as portfolio optimization, absence of near arbitrage, and investor learning can guide the selection and modification of ML tools. Beginning with a brief survey of basic supervised ML methods, Nagel then discusses the application of these techniques in empirical research in asset pricing and shows how they promise to advance the theoretical modeling of financial markets. Machine Learning in Asset Pricing presents the exciting possibilities of using cutting-edge methods in research on financial asset valuation.

Support vector machines (SVM) have both a solid mathematical background and practical applications. This book focuses on the recent advances and applications of the SVM, such as image processing, medical practice, computer vision, and pattern recognition, machine learning, applied statistics, and artificial intelligence. The aim of this book is to create a comprehensive source on support vector machine applications.

This book covers a domain that is significantly impacted by the growth of soft computing. Internet of Things (IoT)-related applications are gaining much attention with more and more devices which are getting connected, and they become the potential components of some smart applications. Thus, a global enthusiasm has sparked over various domains such as health, agriculture, energy, security, and retail. So, in this book, the main objective is to capture this multifaceted nature of IoT and machine learning in one single place. According to the contribution of each chapter, the book also provides a future direction for IoT and machine learning research. The objectives of this book are to identify different issues, suggest feasible solutions to those identified issues, and enable researchers and practitioners from both academia and industry to interact with each other regarding emerging technologies related to IoT and machine learning. In this book, we look for novel chapters that recommend new methodologies, recent advancement, system architectures, and other solutions to prevail over the limitations of IoT and machine learning.

Learning with uncertainty covers a broad range of scenarios in machine learning, this book mainly focuses on: (1) Decision tree learning with uncertainty, (2) Clustering under uncertainty environment, (3) Active learning based on uncertainty criterion, and (4) Ensemble learning in a framework of uncertainty. The book starts with the introduction to uncertainty including randomness, roughness, fuzziness and non-specificity and then comprehensively discusses a number of key issues in learning with uncertainty, such as uncertainty representation in learning, the influence of uncertainty on the performance of learning system, the heuristic design with uncertainty, etc. Most contents of the book are our research results in recent decades. The purpose of this book is to help the readers to understand the impact of uncertainty on learning processes. It comes with many examples to facilitate understanding. The book can be used as reference book or textbook for researcher fellows, senior undergraduates and postgraduates majored in computer science and technology, applied mathematics, automation, electrical engineering, etc.

A Computational Approach to Statistical Learning gives a novel introduction to predictive modeling by focusing on the algorithmic and numeric motivations behind popular statistical methods. The text contains annotated code to over 80 original reference functions. These functions provide minimal working implementations of common statistical learning algorithms. Every chapter concludes with a fully worked out application that illustrates predictive modeling tasks using a real-world dataset. The text begins with a detailed analysis of linear models and ordinary least squares. Subsequent chapters explore extensions such as ridge regression, generalized linear models, and additive models. The second half focuses on the use of general-purpose algorithms for convex optimization and their application to tasks in statistical learning. Models covered include the elastic net, dense neural networks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and spectral clustering. A unifying theme throughout the text is the use of optimization theory in the description of predictive models, with a particular focus on the singular value decomposition (SVD). Through this theme, the computational approach motivates and clarifies the relationships between various predictive models. Taylor Arnold is an assistant professor of statistics at the University of Richmond. His work at the intersection of computer vision, natural language processing, and digital humanities has been supported by multiple grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS). His first book, Humanities Data in R, was published in 2015. Michael Kane is an assistant professor of biostatistics at Yale University. He is the recipient of grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), DARPA, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. His R package bigmemory won the Chamber's prize for statistical software in 2010. Bryan Lewis is an applied mathematician and author of many popular R packages, including irlba, doRedis, and threejs.

Handbook of Robust Low-Rank and Sparse Matrix Decomposition: Applications in Image and Video Processing shows you how robust subspace learning and tracking by decomposition into low-rank and sparse matrices provide a suitable framework for computer vision applications. Incorporating both existing and new ideas, the book conveniently gives you one-stop access to a number of different decompositions, algorithms, implementations, and benchmarking techniques. Divided into five parts, the book begins with an overall introduction to robust principal component analysis (PCA) via decomposition into low-rank and sparse matrices. The second part addresses robust matrix factorization/completion problems while the third part focuses on robust online subspace estimation, learning, and tracking. Covering applications in image and video processing, the fourth part discusses image analysis, image denoising, motion saliency detection, video coding, key frame extraction, and hyperspectral video processing. The final part presents resources and applications in background/foreground separation for video surveillance. With contributions from leading teams around the world, this handbook provides a complete overview of the concepts, theories, algorithms, and applications related to robust low-rank and sparse matrix decompositions. It is designed for researchers, developers, and graduate students in computer vision, image and video processing, real-time architecture, machine learning, and data mining.

This book introduces recent research results for cyber deception, a promising field for proactive cyber defense. The beauty and challenge of cyber deception is that it is an interdisciplinary research field requiring study from techniques and strategies to human aspects. This book covers a wide variety of cyber deception research, including game theory, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and deception-related technology. Specifically, this book addresses three core elements regarding cyber deception: Understanding human's cognitive behaviors in decoyed network scenarios Developing effective deceptive strategies based on human's behaviors Designing deceptive techniques that supports the enforcement of deceptive strategies The research introduced in this book identifies the scientific challenges, highlights the complexity and inspires the future research of cyber deception. Researchers working in cybersecurity and advanced-level computer science students focused on cybersecurity will find this book useful as a reference. This book also targets professionals working in cybersecurity. Chapter 'Using Amnesia to Detect Credential Database Breaches' and Chapter 'Deceiving ML-Based Friend-or-Foe Identification for Executables' are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Just Enough R! An Interactive Approach to Machine Learning and Analytics presents just enough of the R language, machine learning algorithms, statistical methodology, and analytics for the reader to learn how to find interesting structure in data. The approach might be called "seeing then doing" as it first gives step-by-step explanations using simple, understandable examples of how the various machine learning algorithms work independent of any programming language. This is followed by detailed scripts written in R that apply the algorithms to solve nontrivial problems with real data. The script code is provided, allowing the reader to execute the scripts as they study the explanations given in the text. Features Gets you quickly using R as a problem-solving tool Uses RStudio's integrated development environment Shows how to interface R with SQLite Includes examples using R's Rattle graphical user interface Requires no prior knowledge of R, machine learning, or computer programming Offers over 50 scripts written in R, including several problem-solving templates that, with slight modification, can be used again and again Covers the most popular machine learning techniques, including ensemble-based methods and logistic regression Includes end-of-chapter exercises, many of which can be solved by modifying existing scripts Includes datasets from several areas, including business, health and medicine, and science About the Author Richard J. Roiger is a professor emeritus at Minnesota State University, Mankato, where he taught and performed research in the Computer and Information Science Department for over 30 years.

This book presents recent developments on the theoretical, algorithmic, and application aspects of Big Data in Complex and Social Networks. The book consists of four parts, covering a wide range of topics. The first part of the book focuses on data storage and data processing. It explores how the efficient storage of data can fundamentally support intensive data access and queries, which enables sophisticated analysis. It also looks at how data processing and visualization help to communicate information clearly and efficiently. The second part of the book is devoted to the extraction of essential information and the prediction of web content. The book shows how Big Data analysis can be used to understand the interests, location, and search history of users and provide more accurate predictions of User Behavior. The latter two parts of the book cover the protection of privacy and security, and emergent applications of big data and social networks. It analyzes how to model rumor diffusion, identify misinformation from massive data, and design intervention strategies. Applications of big data and social networks in multilayer networks and multiparty systems are also covered in-depth.

Visual Tracking in Conventional Minimally Invasive Surgery introduces the various tools and methodologies that can be used to enhance a conventional surgical setup with some degree of automation. The main focus of this book is on methods for tracking surgical tools and how they can be used to assist the surgeon during the surgical operation. Various notions associated with surgeon-computer interfaces and image-guided navigation are explored, with a range of experimental results. The book starts with some basic motivations for minimally invasive surgery and states the various distinctions between robotic and non-robotic (conventional) versions of this procedure. Common components of this type of operation are presented with a review of the literature addressing the automation aspects of such a setup. Examples of tracking results are shown for both motion and gesture recognition of surgical tools, which can be used as part of the surgeon-computer interface. In the case of marker-less tracking, where no special visual markers can be added to the surgical tools, the tracking results are divided into two types of methodology, depending on the nature and the estimate of the visual noise. Details of the tracking methods are presented using standard Kalman filters and particle filters. The last part of the book provides approaches for tracking a region on the surgical scene defined by the surgeon. Examples of how these tracking approaches can be used as part of image-guided navigation are demonstrated. This book is designed for control engineers interested in visual tracking, computer vision researchers and system designers involved with surgical automation, as well as surgeons, biomedical engineers, and robotic researchers.

Reinforcement learning is a mathematical framework for developing computer agents that can learn an optimal behavior by relating generic reward signals with its past actions. With numerous successful applications in business intelligence, plant control, and gaming, the RL framework is ideal for decision making in unknown environments with large amounts of data. Supplying an up-to-date and accessible introduction to the field, Statistical Reinforcement Learning: Modern Machine Learning Approaches presents fundamental concepts and practical algorithms of statistical reinforcement learning from the modern machine learning viewpoint. It covers various types of RL approaches, including model-based and model-free approaches, policy iteration, and policy search methods. Covers the range of reinforcement learning algorithms from a modern perspective Lays out the associated optimization problems for each reinforcement learning scenario covered Provides thought-provoking statistical treatment of reinforcement learning algorithms The book covers approaches recently introduced in the data mining and machine learning fields to provide a systematic bridge between RL and data mining/machine learning researchers. It presents state-of-the-art results, including dimensionality reduction in RL and risk-sensitive RL. Numerous illustrative examples are included to help readers understand the intuition and usefulness of reinforcement learning techniques. This book is an ideal resource for graduate-level students in computer science and applied statistics programs, as well as researchers and engineers in related fields.

Progress in the application of machine learning (ML) to the physical and life sciences has been rapid. A decade ago, the method was mainly of interest to those in computer science departments, but more recently ML tools have been developed that show significant potential across wide areas of science. There is a growing consensus that ML software, and related areas of artificial intelligence, may, in due course, become as fundamental to scientific research as computers themselves. Yet a perception remains that ML is obscure or esoteric, that only computer scientists can really understand it, and that few meaningful applications in scientific research exist. This book challenges that view. With contributions from leading research groups, it presents in-depth examples to illustrate how ML can be applied to real chemical problems. Through these examples, the reader can both gain a feel for what ML can and cannot (so far) achieve, and also identify characteristics that might make a problem in physical science amenable to a ML approach. This text is a valuable resource for scientists who are intrigued by the power of machine learning and want to learn more about how it can be applied in their own field.

This book is a collection of seminal position essays by leading researchers on new development in Geographic Information Sciences (GIScience), covering a wide range of topics and representing a variety of perspectives. The authors propose enrichments and extensions to the conceptual framework of GIScience; discuss a series of transformational methodologies and technologies for analysis and modeling; elaborate on key issues in innovative approaches to data acquisition and integration, across earth sensing to social sensing; and outline frontiers in application domains, spanning from natural science to humanities and social science, e.g., urban science, land use and planning, social governance, transportation, crime, and public health, just name a few. The book provides an overview of the strategic directions on GIScience research and development. It will benefit researchers and practitioners in the field who are seeking a high-level reference regarding those directions.

The combination of high-resolution visual and depth sensing, supported by machine learning, opens up new opportunities to solve real-world problems in computer vision.

This authoritative text/reference presents an interdisciplinary selection of important, cutting-edge research on RGB-D based computer vision. Divided into four sections, the book opens with a detailed survey of the field, followed by a focused examination of RGB-D based 3D reconstruction, mapping and synthesis. The work continues with a section devoted to novel techniques that employ depth data for object detection, segmentation and tracking, and concludes with examples of accurate human action interpretation aided by depth sensors.

Topics and features: discusses the calibration of color and depth cameras, the reduction of noise on depth maps, and methods for capturing human performance in 3D; reviews a selection of applications which use RGB-D information to reconstruct human figures, evaluate energy consumption, and obtain accurate action classification; presents an innovative approach for 3D object retrieval, and for the reconstruction of gas flow from multiple Kinect cameras; describes an RGB-D computer vision system designed to assist the visually impaired, and another for smart-environment sensing to assist elderly and disabled people; examines the effective features that characterize static hand poses, and introduces a unified framework to enforce both temporal and spatial constraints for hand parsing; proposes a new classifier architecture for real-time hand pose recognition, and a novel hand segmentation and gesture recognition system.

Researchers and practitioners working in computer vision, HCI and machine learning will find this to be a must-read text. The book also serves as a useful reference for graduate students studying computer vision, pattern recognition or multimedia.

Web mining aims to discover useful information and knowledge from Web hyperlinks, page contents, and usage data. Although Web mining uses many conventional data mining techniques, it is not purely an application of traditional data mining due to the semi-structured and unstructured nature of the Web data. The field has also developed many of its own algorithms and techniques.

Liu has written a comprehensive text on Web mining, which consists of two parts. The first part covers the data mining and machine learning foundations, where all the essential concepts and algorithms of data mining and machine learning are presented. The second part covers the key topics of Web mining, where Web crawling, search, social network analysis, structured data extraction, information integration, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, Web usage mining, query log mining, computational advertising, and recommender systems are all treated both in breadth and in depth. His book thus brings all the related concepts and algorithms together to form an authoritative and coherent text.

The book offers a rich blend of theory and practice. It is suitable for students, researchers and practitioners interested in Web mining and data mining both as a learning text and as a reference book. Professors can readily use it for classes on data mining, Web mining, and text mining. Additional teaching materials such as lecture slides, datasets, and implemented algorithms are available online. "