A cutting-edge survey of formal methods directed specifically at dealing with the deep mathematical problems engendered by the study of developing systems, in particular dealing with developing phase spaces, changing components, structures and functionalities, and the problem of emergence. Several papers deal with the modelling of particular experimental situations in population biology, economics and plant and muscle developments in addition to purely theoretical approaches. Novel approaches include differential inclusions and viability theory, growth tensors, archetypal dynamics, ensembles with variable structures, and complex system models. The papers represent the work of theoreticians and experimental biologists, psychologists and economists. The areas covered embrace complex systems, the development of artificial life, mathematics, computer science, biology and psychology.

The volume contains the proceedings of the OTAMP 2006 (Operator Theory, Analysis and Mathematical Physics) conference held at Lund University in June 2006. The conference was devoted to the methods of analysis and operator theory in modern mathematical physics. The following special sessions were organized during the conference: Spectral analysis of SchrAdinger operators; Jacobi and CMV matrices and orthogonal polynomials; Quasi-periodic and random SchrAdinger operators; Quantum graphs.

This book presents fundamental concepts and seminal results to the study of vortex filaments in equilibrium. It also presents new discoveries in quasi-2D vortex structures with applications to geophysical fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics in plasmas. It fills a gap in the vortex statistics literature by simplifying the mathematical introduction to this complex topic, covering numerical methods, and exploring a wide range of applications with numerous examples. The authors have produced an introduction that is clear and easy to read, leading the reader step-by-step into this topical area. Alongside the theoretical concepts and mathematical formulations, interesting applications are discussed. This combination makes the text useful for students and researchers in mathematics and physics.

The book provides a self-contained treatment of stochastic finite element methods. It helps the reader to establish a solid background on stochastic and reliability analysis of structural systems and enables practicing engineers to better manage the concepts of analysis and design in the presence of uncertainty. The book covers the basic topics of computational stochastic mechanics focusing on the stochastic analysis of structural systems in the framework of the finite element method. The target audience primarily comprises students in a postgraduate program specializing in structural engineering but the book may also be beneficial to practicing engineers and research experts alike.

This book contains selected papers from the "Fourth International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering, " held at Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal in September 2011.

Nowadays, computational methods are an essential tool of engineering, which includes a major field of interest in marine applications, such as the maritime and offshore industries and engineering challenges related to the marine environment and renewable energies. The 2011 Conference included 8 invited plenary lectures and 86 presentations distributed through 10 thematic sessions that covered many of the most relevant topics of marine engineering today. This book contains 16 selected papers from the Conference that cover CFD for Offshore Applications, Fluid-Structure Interaction, Isogeometric Methods for Marine Engineering, Marine/Offshore Renewable Energy, Maneuvering and Seakeeping, Propulsion and Cavitation and Ship Hydrodynamics . The papers were selected with the help of the recognized experts that collaborated in the organization of the thematic sessions of the Conference, which guarantees the high quality of the papers included in this book.

Genetic algorithms provide a powerful range of methods for solving complex engineering search and optimization algorithms. Their power can also lead to difficulty for new researchers and students who wish to apply such evolution-based methods. "Applied Evolutionary Algorithms in Java" offers a practical, hands-on guide to applying such algorithms to engineering and scientific problems. The concepts are illustrated through clear examples, ranging from simple to more complex problems domains; all based on real-world industrial problems. Examples are taken from image processing, fuzzy-logic control systems, mobile robots, and telecommunication network optimization problems. The Java-based toolkit provides an easy-to-use and essential visual interface, with integrated graphing and analysis tools. Topics and features: *inclusion of a complete Java toolkit for exploring evolutionary algorithms *strong use of visualization techniques, to increase understanding *coverage of all major evolutionary algorithms in common usage *broad range of industrially based example applications *includes examples and an appendix based on fuzzy logic This book is intended for students, researchers, and professionals interested in using evolutionary algorithms in their work. No mathematics beyond basic algebra and Cartesian graphs methods are required, as the aim is to encourage applying the Java toolkit to develop the power of these techniques.

Computational modeling is emerging as a powerful new approach to study and manipulate biological systems. Multiple methods have been developed to model, visualize, and rationally alter systems at various length scales, starting from molecular modeling and design at atomic resolution to cellular pathways modeling and analysis. Higher time and length scale processes, such as molecular evolution, have also greatly benefited from new breeds of computational approaches. This book provides an overview of the established computational methods used for modeling biologically and medically relevant systems.

This book includes a numerical investigation of shear localization in granular materials within micro-polar hypoplasticity, which was carried out during my long research stay at the Institute of Soil and Rock Mechanics at Karlsruhe University from 1985 to 1996. I dedicate my book to Prof. Gerd Gudehus from Germany, the former head of the Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics at Karlsruhe University and the supervisor of my scientific research during my stay in Karlsruhe, who encouraged me to deal with shear localization in granular bodies within micro-polar hypoplasticity. I greatly - preciate his profound knowledge, kind help constructive discussions, and collegial attitude to his co-workers. I am thankful to the both series editors: Prof. Wei Wu from Universitat fur Bodenkultur in Austria and Prof. Ronaldo Borja from Stanford University in USA for their helpful suggestions with respect to the contents and structure of the book. I am also grateful to Dr. Thomas Ditzinger and Mrs. Heather King from the Springer Publishing Company and SPS data processing team for their help in editing this book. Gdansk, Jacek Tejchman June 2008 Contents 1 Introduction......................................................................... 1 2 Literature Overview on Experiments........................................... 11 3 Theoretical Model.................................................................. 47 3.1 Hypoplastic Constitutive Model............................................. 47 3.2 Calibration of Hypoplastic Material Parameters........................... 60 3.3 Micro-polar Continuum........................................................ 67 3.4 Micro-polar Hypoplastic Constitutive Model.............................. 72 3.5 Finite Element Implementation................................................ 75 4 Finite Element Calculations: Preliminary Results............................

This book offers a compact introduction to modern linear control design. The simplified overview presented of linear time-domain methodology paves the road for the study of more advanced non-linear techniques. Only rudimentary knowledge of linear systems theory is assumed - no use of Laplace transforms or frequency design tools is required. Emphasis is placed on assumptions and logical implications, rather than abstract completeness; on interpretation and physical meaning, rather than theoretical formalism; on results and solutions, rather than derivation or solvability. The topics covered include transient performance and stabilization via state or output feedback; disturbance attenuation and robust control; regional eigenvalue assignment and constraints on input or output variables; asymptotic regulation and disturbance rejection. Lyapunov theory and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) are discussed as key design methods. All methods are demonstrated with MATLAB to promote practical use and comprehension.

The theory of stochastic processes provides a huge arsenal of methods suitable for analyzing the influence of noise on a wide range of systems. Noise-induced, noise-supported or noise-enhanced effects sometimes offer an explanation for as yet open problems (information transmission in the nervous system and information processing in the brain, processes at the cell level, enzymatic reactions, etc.), or pave the way to novel technological applications. Noise can play a prominent role in structure formation in physics, chemistry and biology, e.g. current filaments in semiconductors, catalytic reactions on surfaces, complex dynamics of the heart, brain, or of ecosystems. The book reviews those aspects of applied stochastics addressing researchers as well as students.

Recent groundbreaking discoveries in physics, including the discovery of the Higgs Boson and gravitational waves, have relied on chi-squared analysis and model testing, a data analysis method. This is the first book to make chi-squared model testing accessible to students in introductory physics lab courses and others who need to learn this method, such as beginning researchers in astrophysics and particle physics, beginners in data science, and lab students in other experimental sciences. For over a decade, Harvard University's introductory physics lab sequence has made chi-squared model testing its central theme. Written by two faculty members, the book is based on years of experience teaching students learn how to think like scientists by testing their models using chi-squared analysis. By including uncertainties in the curve fitting technique, chi-squared data analysis improves on the centuries old ordinary least squares and linear regression methods and combines best fit parameter estimation and model testing in one method. A toolkit of essential statistical and experimental concepts is developed from the ground up with novel features to interest even those familiar with the material. The presentation of one and two parameter chi-squared model testing, requiring only elementary probability and algebra, is followed by case studies that apply the methods to simple introductory physics lab experiments. More challenging topics requiring calculus are addressed in an advanced topic chapter. This self-contained and student-friendly introduction includes a glossary, end of chapter problems with complete solutions, and software scripts available in several popular programming languages that the reader can use for chi-squared model testing.

Floating-point arithmetic is the most widely used way of implementing real-number arithmetic on modern computers. However, making such an arithmetic reliable and portable, yet fast, is a very difficult task. As a result, floating-point arithmetic is far from being exploited to its full potential. This handbook aims to provide a complete overview of modern floating-point arithmetic. So that the techniques presented can be put directly into practice in actual coding or design, they are illustrated, whenever possible, by a corresponding program. The handbook is designed for programmers of numerical applications, compiler designers, programmers of floating-point algorithms, designers of arithmetic operators, and more generally, students and researchers in numerical analysis who wish to better understand a tool used in their daily work and research.

This book provides recent theoretical developments in and practical applications of fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control for complex dynamical systems, including uncertain systems, linear and nonlinear systems. Combining adaptive control technique with other control methodologies, it investigates the problems of fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control for uncertain dynamic systems with or without time delay. As such, the book provides readers a solid understanding of fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control based on adaptive control technology. Given its depth and breadth, it is well suited for undergraduate and graduate courses on linear system theory, nonlinear system theory, fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control techniques. Further, it can be used as a reference source for academic research on fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control, and for postgraduates in the field of control theory and engineering.

This book should be considered as an introduction to a special dass of hierarchical systems of optimal control, where subsystems are described by partial differential equations of various types. Optimization is carried out by means of a two-level scheme, where the center optimizes coordination for the upper level and subsystems find the optimal solutions for independent local problems. The main algorithm is a method of iterative aggregation. The coordinator solves the problern with macrovariables, whose number is less than the number of initial variables. This problern is often very simple. On the lower level, we have the usual optimal control problems of math ematical physics, which are far simpler than the initial statements. Thus, the decomposition (or reduction to problems ofless dimensions) is obtained. The algorithm constructs a sequence of so-called disaggregated solutions that are feasible for the main problern and converge to its optimal solutionunder certain assumptions ( e.g., under strict convexity of the input functions). Thus, we bridge the gap between two disciplines: optimization theory of large-scale systems and mathematical physics. The first motivation was a special model of branch planning, where the final product obeys a preset assortment relation. The ratio coefficient is maximized. Constraints are given in the form of linear inequalities with block diagonal structure of the part of a matrix that corresponds to subsystems. The central coordinator assem bles the final production from the components produced by the subsystems."

Renewable energy sources such as wind power have attracted much attention because they are environmentally friendly, do not produce carbon dioxide and other emitants, and can enhance a nation's energy security. For example, recently more significant amounts of wind power are being integrated into conventional power grids. Therefore, it is necessary to address various important and challenging issues related to wind power systems, which are significantly different from the traditional generation systems. This book is a resource for engineers, practitioners, and decision-makers interested in studying or using the power of computational intelligence based algorithms in handling various important problems in wind power systems at the levels of power generation, transmission, and distribution. Researchers have been developing biologically-inspired algorithms in a wide variety of complex large-scale engineering domains. Distinguished from the traditional analytical methods, the new methods usually accomplish the task through their computationally efficient mechanisms. Computational intelligence methods such as evolutionary computation, neural networks, and fuzzy systems have attracted much attention in electric power systems. Meanwhile, modern electric power systems are becoming more and more complex in order to meet the growing electricity market. In particular, the grid complexity is continuously enhanced by the integration of intermittent wind power as well as the current restructuring efforts in electricity industry. Quite often, the traditional analytical methods become less efficient or even unable to handle this increased complexity. As a result, it is natural to apply computational intelligence as a powerful tool to deal with various important and pressing problems in the current wind power systems. This book presents the state-of-the-art development in the field of computational intelligence applied to wind power systems by reviewing the most up-to-date work and representative practical problems collecting contributions from leading experts in electrical engineering, system engineering, and other disciplines.

Norman Levinson (1912-1975) was a mathematician of international repute. This collection of his selected papers bears witness to the profound influence Levinson had on research in mathematical analysis with applications to problems in science and technology. Levinson's originality is reflected in his fundamental contributions to complex, harmonic and stochastic equations, and to analytic number theory, where he continued to make significant advances toward resolving the Riemann hypothesis up to the end of his life. The two volumes are divided by topic, with commentary by some of those who have felt the impact of Levinson's legacy.

How can we solve engineering problems while taking into account data characterized by different types of measurement and estimation uncertainty: interval, probabilistic, fuzzy, etc.? This book provides a theoretical basis for arriving at such solutions, as well as case studies demonstrating how these theoretical ideas can be translated into practical applications in the geosciences, pavement engineering, etc. In all these developments, the authors' objectives were to provide accurate estimates of the resulting uncertainty; to offer solutions that require reasonably short computation times; to offer content that is accessible for engineers; and to be sufficiently general - so that readers can use the book for many different problems. The authors also describe how to make decisions under different types of uncertainty. The book offers a valuable resource for all practical engineers interested in better ways of gauging uncertainty, for students eager to learn and apply the new techniques, and for researchers interested in processing heterogeneous uncertainty.

Discusses process variation, model accuracy, design flow and many other practical engineering, reliability and manufacturing issues

Gives a good overview for a person who is not an expert in modeling and simulation, enabling them to extract the necessary information to competently use modeling and simulation programs

Written for engineering students and product design engineers

This book treats Modelling of CFD problems, Numerical tools for PDE, and Scientific Computing and Systems of ODE for Epidemiology, topics that are closely related to the scientific activities and interests of Prof. William Fitzgibbon, Prof. Yuri Kuznetsov, and Prof. O. Pironneau, whose outstanding achievements are recognised in this volume. It contains 20 contributions from leading scientists in applied mathematics dealing with partial differential equations and their applications to engineering, ab-initio chemistry and life sciences. It includes the mathematical and numerical contributions to PDE for applications presented at the ECCOMAS thematic conference "Contributions to PDE for Applications" held at Laboratoire Jacques Louis Lions in Paris, France, August 31- September 1, 2015, and at the Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Texas, USA, February 26-27, 2016. This event brought together specialists from universities and research institutions who are developing or applying numerical PDE or ODE methods with an emphasis on industrial and societal applications. This volume is of interest to researchers and practitioners as well as advanced students or engineers in applied and computational mathematics. All contributions are written at an advanced scientific level with no effort made by the editors to make this volume self-contained. It is assumed that the reader is a specialist already who knows the basis of this field of research and has the capability of understanding and appreciating the latest developments in this field.

This revised text covers the fundamentals of thermodynamics required to understand electrical power generation systems and the application of these principles to nuclear reactor power plant systems. The book begins with fundamental definitions of units and dimensions, thermodynamic variables and the Laws of Thermodynamics progressing to sections on specific applications of the Brayton and Rankine cycles for power generation and projected reactor systems design issues. It is not a traditional general thermodynamics text, per se, but a practical thermodynamics volume intended to explain the fundamentals and apply them to the challenges facing actual nuclear power plants systems, where thermal hydraulics comes to play. There have been significant new findings for intercooled systems since the previous edition published and they will be included in this volume. New technology plans for using a Nuclear Air-Brayton as a storage system for a low carbon grid are presented along with updated component sizes and performance criteria for Small Modular Reactors. Written in a lucid, straight-forward style while retaining scientific rigor, the content is accessible to upper division undergraduate students and aimed at practicing engineers in nuclear power facilities and engineering scientists and technicians in industry, academic research groups, and national laboratories. The book is also a valuable resource for students and faculty in various engineering programs concerned with nuclear reactors.

The first of a comprehensive two-volume treatment of mechanics intended for students of civil and mechanical engineering. Used for several years in courses at Bradley University, the text presents statics in a clear and straightforward way while emphasising problem solving - backed by more than 350 examples used to clarify the discussion. The accompanying diskette contains EnSolve, written by the authors for solving problems in engineering mechanics. The program includes the following: - a unit converter for SI to US units and vice versa - a graphics program for plotting functions and data - a set of numerical subroutines. The graphics module boasts such features as fitting smooth splines between data, plotting regression lines and curves, and changing scales -- including from arithmetic to log and log-log.

This book gives a practical overview of Fractional Calculus as it relates to Signal Processing

Cardiovascular diseases have a major impact in Western countries. Mathematical models and numerical simulations can aid the understanding of physiological and pathological processes, complementing the information provided to medical doctors by medical imaging and other non-invasive means, and opening the possibility of a better diagnosis and more in-depth surgical planning.This book offers a mathematically sound and up-to-date foundation to the training of researchers, and serves as a useful reference for the development of mathematical models and numerical simulation codes. It is structured into different chapters, written by recognized experts in the field, but it features a common thread with consistency of notation and expressions and systematic cross-referencing. Many fundamental issues are faced, such as: the mathematical representation of vascular geometries extracted from medical images, modelling blood rheology and the complex multilayer structure of the vascular tissue, and its possible pathologies, the mechanical and chemical interaction between blood and vascular walls; the different scales coupling local and systemic dynamics. All these topics introduce challenging mathematical and numerical problems, demanding for advanced analysis and simulation techniques. This book is addressed to graduate students and researchers in the field of bioengineering, applied mathematics and medicine, wishing to engage themselves in the fascinating task of modeling how the cardiovascular system works.

This book covers all basic areas of mechanical engineering, such as fluid mechanics, heat conduction, beams and elasticity with detailed derivations for the mass, stiffness and force matrices. It is especially designed to give physical feeling to the reader for finite element approximation by the introduction of finite elements to the elevation of elastic membrane. A detailed treatment of computer methods with numerical examples are provided. In the fluid mechanics chapter, the conventional and vorticity transport formulations for viscous incompressible fluid flow with discussion on the method of solution are presented. The variational and Galerkin formulations of the heat conduction, beams and elasticity problems are also discussed in detail. Three computer codes are provided to solve the elastic membrane problem. One of them solves the Poisson s equation. The second computer program handles the two dimensional elasticity problems and the third one presents the three dimensional transient heat conduction problems. The programs are written in C++ environment."

This Computer Algebra Handbook gives a comprehensive snapshot of this field at the intersection of mathematics and computer science with applications in physics, engineering and education. It contains both theory, systems and practice of the discipline of symbolic computation and computer algebra. With the wide angle of a "lense" of about 200 contributors it shows the state of computer algebra research and applications in the last decade of the twentieth century. Aside from discussing the foundations of computer algebra, the handbook describes 67 software systems and packages that perform tasks in symbolic computation. In addition, the handbook offers 100 pages on applications in physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering chemistry and education. The book is accompanied by a CD-ROM, containing demo versions for most of the computer algebra systems treated in the book, as well as links to further information on some of these. This book will be very useful as a reference to graduate students and researchers in symbolic computation and computer algebra.