Underactuated multibody systems are intriguing mechatronic systems, as they posses fewer control inputs than degrees of freedom. Some examples are modern light-weight flexible robots and articulated manipulators with passive joints. This book investigates such underactuated multibody systems from an integrated perspective. This includes all major steps from the modeling of rigid and flexible multibody systems, through nonlinear control theory, to optimal system design. The underlying theories and techniques from these different fields are presented using a self-contained and unified approach and notation system. Subsequently, the book focuses on applications to large multibody systems with multiple degrees of freedom, which require a combination of symbolical and numerical procedures. Finally, an integrated, optimization-based design procedure is proposed, whereby both structural and control design are considered concurrently. Each chapter is supplemented by illustrated examples.

This is the third in a series of compendiums devoted to the subject of weld hot cracking. It contains 22 papers presented at the 3rd International Hot Cracking Workshop in Columbus, Ohio USA in March 2010. In the context of this workshop, the term "hot cracking" refers to elevated temperature cracking associated with either the weld metal or heat-affected zone. These hot cracking phenomena include weld solidification cracking, HAZ and weld metal liquation cracking, and ductility-dip cracking. The book is divided into three major sections based on material type; specifically aluminum alloys, steels, and nickel-base alloys. Each of these sections begins with a keynote paper from prominent researchers in the field: Dr. Sindo Kou from the University of Wisconsin, Dr. Thomas Boellinghaus from BAM and the University of Magdeburg, and Dr. John DuPont from Lehigh University. The papers contained within include the latest insight into the mechanisms associated with hot cracking in these materials and methods to prevent cracking through material selection, process modification, or other means. The three Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds compendiums combined contain a total of 64 papers and represent the best collection of papers on the topic of hot cracking ever assembled.

A number of books and research papers have been published on trauma and biomechanics.Theyhavesofarnotbeenrealisticallyintegrated.Thebasicaim ofthisbookistopresentauni?edapproachbetweentheengineeringandm- ical professions. The available engineering analyses and mathematical models can be interlinked and glued together with the medical ?ndings by means of surgeries and X-rays/scans. They can be translated into vastly developed computer programs predicting e?ects of plasticity, temperature, cracking, and crushing with and without muscles and other interlocking phenomenon. The available mathematical-cum-engineering model on trauma and bone mechanics are then linked to the ?nite element analysis and to a computer programinwhichprovisionsaremadetocaterforallpossibleeventualitiesand medicalparameters.Theproblemencounteredbysurgeriescanbeeasilybe- corporated into hybrid ?nite element computer programs such as PROGRAM ISOPARusedinthisbook.Inallcasestudiesthesurgicalin?uenceshavebeen considered together with the bone material data for both the operational, nonoperational and overloading behaviour of the human body structure. In all circumstances the human body structure and its important elements were treated as composite. The bone-blood interaction has been incorporated in ordertoobtainrealisticsolutions.Materialpropertiesinthree-dimensionhave always been considered in throughout in various investigations. Engineering analysis of trauma is being continuously developed taking into consideration the ever increasing changes in analytical, design, safety, and manufacturing techniques. The engineering advances in that direction are steadily gaining international acceptance in the wide sense of the medical profession.

Preface; List of Contributors; A. COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES: Mechanical and Failure Behavior: Accelerated Testing for Long-Term Durability of Various FRP Laminates for Marine Use, by Y. Miyano and M. Nakada; 2. Carbon Fiber - Vinyl Ester Interfacial Adhesion Improvement by the Use of an Epoxy Coating, by F. Vautard, L. Xu and LT. Drzal; 3. A Physically Based Cumulative Damage Formalism, by R. M. Christensen; 4. Delamination of Composite Cylinders, by P. Davies and L. A. Carlsson; Dynamic Effects: Fiber-Reinforced Composites, by R. C. Batra and N.M. Hassan; 2. Post-Impact Fatigue Behavior of Woven and Knitted Fabric CFRP Laminates for Marine Use, by I. Kimpara and H. Saito; 3. Dynamic Interaction of Multiple Damage Mechanisms in Composite Structures, by R. Massabo; 4. State-of-the-Art in Impulsive Loading of Marine Composites, by M. Porfiri and N. Gupta; B: SANDWICH MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES: Mechanical and Failure Behavior: Failure Modes of Composite Sandwich Beams, by I.M. Daniel and E.E. Gdoutos; 2. Localised Effects in Sandwich Structures with Internal Core Junctions: Modelling and Experimental Characterisation of Load Response, Failure and Fatigue, by M. Johannes and O. T. Thomsen; 3. Damage Tolerance of Naval Sandwich Panels, by D. Zenkert; 4. Size Effect on Fracture of Composite and Sandwich Structures, by E. E. Gdoutos and Z. P. Bazant; 5. Elasticity Solutions for the Buckling of Thick Composite and Sandwich Cylindrical Shells under External Pressure, by G. Kardomateas; 6. An Improved Methodology for Measuring the Interfacial Toughness of Sandwich Beams, by Q. Bing and B. D. Davidson; 7. Structural Performance of Eco-Core Sandwich Panels, by K. Shivakumar and H. Chen; 8. The Use of Neural Networks to Detect Damage in Sandwich Composites, by D. Serrano, F. A. Just-Agosto, B. Shafiq and A. Cecchini; 8. On the Mechanical Behavior of Advanced Composite Material Structures, by J. Vinson; 10. Application of Acoustic Emission Technology to theCharacterization and Damage Monitoring of Advanced Composites, by E. O. Ayorinde; Dynamic Effects: Ballistic Impacts on Composite and Sandwich Structures, by S. Abrate; 2. Performance of Novel Composites and Sandwich Structures under Blast Loading, by A. Shukla, S. A. Tekalur, N. Gardner, M. Jackson and E. Wang; 3. Single and Multisite Impact Response of S2-Glass/Epoxy Balsa Wood Core Sandwich Composites, by L.J. Deka and U. K. Vaidya; 4. Real-time Experimental Investigation on Dynamic Failure of Sandwich Structures and Layered Materials, by L. R. Xu and A.J. Rosakis; 5. Characterization of Fatigue Behavior of Composite Sandwich Structures at Sub-zero Temperatures, by S. M. Soni, R. F. Gibson and E.O. Ayorinde; 6. Impact and Blast Resistance of Sandwich Plates, by G. J. Dvorak, Y. A. Bahei-El-Din and A. P. Suvorov; 7. Modeling Blast and High Velocity Impact of Composite Sandwich Panels, by M. S Hoo Fatt, L. Palla and D. Sirivolu; C. CONSTITUENT MATERIALS: 1. Effect of Nanoparticle Dispersion on Polymer Matrix and their Fiber Nanocomposites, by M.F. Uddin and C.T. Sun; 2. Experimental and Analytical Analysis of Mechanical Response and Deformation Mode Selection in Balsa Wood, by M. Vural and G. Ravichandran; 3. Mechanics of PAN Nanofibers, by I. Chasiotis and M. Naraghi; 4. Characterization of Deformation and Failure Modes of Ordinary and Auxetic Foams at Different Length Scales, by Fu-pen Chiang; 5. Fracture of Brittle Lattice Materials: A Review, by I. Quintana-Alonso and N. A. Fleck; Author Index.

This book deals with the problem of dynamics of bodies with time-variable mass and moment of inertia. Mass addition and mass separation from the body are treated. Both aspects of mass variation, continual and discontinual, are considered. Dynamic properties of the body are obtained applying principles of classical dynamics and also analytical mechanics. Advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are discussed. Dynamics of constant body is adopted, and the characteristics of the mass variation of the body is included. Special attention is given to the influence of the reactive force and the reactive torque. The vibration of the body with variable mass is presented. One and two degrees of freedom oscillators with variable mass are discussed. Rotors and the Van der Pol oscillator with variable mass are displayed. The chaotic motion of bodies with variable mass is discussed too. To support learning, some solved practical problems are included.

Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the third volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of optical methods ranging from traditional photoelasticity and interferometry to more recent DIC and DVC techniques, and includes papers in the following general technical research areas: Optical metrology and displacement measurements at different scales Digital holography and experimental mechanics Optical measurement systems using polarized light Surface topology Digital image correlation Optical methods for MEMS and NEMS Three-dimensional imaging and volumetric correlation Imaging methods for thermomechanics applications 3D volumetric flow measurement Applied photoelasticity Optical residual stress measurement techniques Advances in imaging technologies

This book, framed in the processes of engineering analysis and design, presents concepts in mechanics of materials for students in two-year or four-year programs in engineering technology, architecture, and building construction; as well as for students in vocational schools and technical institutes. Using the principles and laws of mechanics, physics, and the fundamentals of engineering, Mechanics of Materials: An Introduction for Engineering Technology will help aspiring and practicing engineers and engineering technicians from across disciplines-mechanical, civil, chemical, and electrical-apply concepts of engineering mechanics for analysis and design of materials, structures, and machine components. The book is ideal for those seeking a rigorous, algebra/trigonometry-based text on the mechanics of materials.

Special Topics in Structural Dynamics, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 31st IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2013, the sixth volume of seven from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Structural Dynamics, including papers on: Teaching Experimental & Analytical Structural Dynamics Sensors & Instrumentation Aircraft/Aerospace Bio-Dynamics Sports Equipment Dynamics Advanced ODS & Stress Estimation Shock & Vibration Full-Field Optical Measurements & Image Analysis Structural Health Monitoring Operational Modal Analysis Wind Turbine Dynamics Rotating Machinery Finite Element Methods Energy Harvesting

Irregular engineering structures are subjected to complicated additional loads which are often beyond conventional design models developed for traditional, simplified plane models. This book covers detailed research and recent progress in seismic engineering dealing with seismic behaviour of irregular and set-back engineering structures. Experimental results as well as special topics of modern design are discussed in detail. In addition, recent progress in seismology, wave propagation and seismic engineering, which provides novel, modern modelling of complex seismic loads, is reported. Particular emphasis is placed on the newly developed rotational, seismic ground-motion effects. This book is a continuation of an earlier monograph which appeared in the same Springer series in 2013 (http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789400753761).

The VETOMAC-X Conference covered a holistic plethora of relevant topics in vibration and engineering technology including condition monitoring, machinery and structural dynamics, rotor dynamics, experimental techniques, finite element model updating, industrial case studies, vibration control and energy harvesting, and signal processing. These proceedings contain not only all of the nearly one-hundred peer-reviewed presentations from authors representing more than twenty countries, but also include six invited lectures from renowned experts: Professor K. Gupta, Mr W. Hahn, Professor A.W. Lees, Professor John Mottershead, Professor J.S. Rao, and Dr P. Russhard. This work is of interest to researchers and practitioners alike, and is an essential book for most of libraries of higher academic institutes.

Featuring original research from well-known experts in the field of sliding mode control, this book presents new design schemes for a useful and practical optimal control with very few impractical assumptions. The results presented allow optimal control theory to grow in its applicability to real-world systems. On the cutting-edge of optimal control research, this book is an excellent resource for both graduate students and researchers in engineering, mathematics, and optimal control.

Modern computational techniques, such as the Finite Element Method, have, since their development several decades ago, successfully exploited continuum theories for numerous applications in science and technology. Although standard continuum methods based upon the Cauchy-Boltzmann continuum are still of great importance and are widely used, it increasingly appears that material properties stemming from microstructural phenomena have to be considered. This is particularly true for inhomogeneous load and deformation states, where lower-scale size effects begin to affect the macroscopic material response; something standard continuum theories fail to account for. Following this idea, it is evident that standard continuum mechanics has to be augmented to capture lower-scale structural and compositional phenomena, and to make this information accessible to macroscopic numerical simulations.

This book introduces the subject of hyperelasticity in a concise manner mainly directed to students of solid mechanics who have a familiarity with continuum mechanics. It focuses on important introductory topics in the field of nonlinear material behavior and presents a number of example problems and solutions to greatly aid the student in mastering the difficulty of the subject and gaining necessary insight. Professor Hackett delineates the concepts and applications of hyperelasticity in such a way that a new student of the subject can absorb the intricate details without having to wade through excessively complicated formulations. The book further presents significant review material on intricately related subjects such as tensor calculus and introduces some new formulations.

This volume presents the Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Vibration Problems, 2011, Prague, Czech Republic. ICOVP 2011 brings together again scientists from different backgrounds who are actively working on vibration-related problems of engineering both in theoretical and applied fields, thus facilitating a lively exchange of ideas, methods and results between the many different research areas. The aim is that reciprocal intellectual fertilization will take place and ensure a broad interdisciplinary research field. The topics, indeed, cover a wide variety of vibration-related subjects, from wave problems in solid mechanics to vibration problems related to biomechanics. The first ICOVP conference was held in 1990 at A.C. College, Jalpaiguri, India, under the co-chairmanship of Professor M.M. Banerjee and Professor P. Biswas. Since then it has been held every 2 years at various venues across the World.

Experimental Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid, and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 7 of the Proceedings of the 2015SEM Annual Conference& Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the seventh volume of nine from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Multifunctional Materials Hybrid Materials Novel Composites Nano- and Particle-Reinforced Composites Additive Manufacturing of Composites Digital Imaging of Composites Damage Detection Non-Destructive Evaluation Fatigue and Fracture of Composites Manufacturing and Joining of Composites Advanced Composites Applications

This text is a short yet complete course on nonlinear dynamics of deterministic systems. Conceived as a modular set of 15 concise lectures it reflects the many years of teaching experience by the authors. The lectures treat in turn the fundamental aspects of the theory of dynamical systems, aspects of stability and bifurcations, the theory of deterministic chaos and attractor dimensions, as well as the elements of the theory of Poincare recurrences.Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the generation of periodic, quasiperiodic and chaotic self-sustained oscillations and to the issue of synchronization in such systems. This book is aimed at graduate students and non-specialist researchers with a background in physics, applied mathematics and engineering wishing to enter this exciting field of research.

This book provides a general introduction to the topic of buildings for resistance to the effects of abnormal loadings. The structural design requirements for nuclear facilities are very unique. In no other structural system are extreme loads such as tornadoes, missile and loud interaction, earthquake effects typical in excess of any recorded historical data at a site, and postulated system accident at very low probability range explicitly, considered in design. It covers the whole spectrum of extreme load which has to be considered in the structural design of nuclear facilities and reactor buildings, the safety criteria, the structural design, the analysis of containment. Test case studies are given in a comprehensive treatment. Each major section contains a full explanation which allows the book to be used by students and practicing engineers, particularly those facing formidable task of having to design complicated building structures with unusual boundary conditions.

On the roots of continuum mechanics in differential geometry -- a review.- Cosserat media.- Cosserat-type shells.- Cosserat-type rods.- Micromorphic media.- Electromagnetism and generalized continua.- Computational methods for generalized continua. The need of generalized continua models is coming from practice. Complex material behavior sometimes cannot be presented by the classical Cauchy continua. At present the attention of the scientists in this field is focused on the most recent research items * new models, * application of well-known models to new problems, * micro-macro aspects, * computational effort, and * possibilities to identify the constitutive equations The new research directions are discussed in this volume - from the point of view of modeling and simulation, identification, and numerical methods.

The investigation of multiscale problems in multibody system contacts is an interesting and timely topic which has been the subject of intensive research. This IUTAM Symposium facilitated discussions between researchers active in the field. This proceedings volume summarizes contributions of many authors active in the field and gives insight in very different areas of this fascinating research. It reviews the state-of-the-art and identifies future hot topics.

This book brings together papers from all spheres of mechanical engineering related to gears and transmissions, from fundamentals to advanced applications, from academic results in numerical and experimental research, to new approaches to gear design and aspects of their optimization synthesis and to the latest developments in manufacturing. Furthermore, this volume honours the work of Faydor L. Litvin on the 100th anniversary of this birth. He is acknowledged as the founder of the modern theory of gearing. An exhaustive list of his contributions and achievements and a biography are included.

This book provides an in-depth description of the fundamental tribological aspects of cold and hot sheet rollings. The author describes new developments in the rolling processes, the rolling oils, the rolling rolls and the structural materials resulting from sheet rolling technology and their practical applications. The author includes comprehensive details on both friction and lubrication in rolling.

Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the first volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers on: General Dynamic Material Properties Novel Dynamic Testing Techniques Dynamic Fracture and Failure Novel Testing Techniques Dynamic Behavior of Geo-materials Dynamic Behavior of Biological and Biomimetic Materials Dynamic Behavior of Composites and Multifunctional Materials Dynamic Behavior of Low-Impedance materials Multi-scale Modeling of Dynamic Behavior of Materials Quantitative Visualization of Dynamic Behavior of Materials Shock/Blast Loading of Materials

The high reliability required in industrial processes has created the necessity of detecting abnormal conditions, called faults, while processes are operating. The term fault generically refers to any type of process degradation, or degradation in equipment performance because of changes in the process's physical characteristics, process inputs or environmental conditions. This book is about the fundamentals of fault detection and diagnosis in a variety of nonlinear systems which are represented by ordinary differential equations. The fault detection problem is approached from a differential algebraic viewpoint, using residual generators based upon high-gain nonlinear auxiliary systems ('observers'). A prominent role is played by the type of mathematical tools that will be used, requiring knowledge of differential algebra and differential equations. Specific theorems tailored to the needs of the problem-solving procedures are developed and proved. Applications to real-world problems, both with constant and time-varying faults, are made throughout the book and include electromechanical positioning systems, the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), bioreactor models and belt drive systems, to name but a few.

This fifth volume of eight from the IMAC - XXXII Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Structural Dynamics, including papers on: Linear Systems Substructure Modelling Adaptive Structures Experimental Techniques Analytical Methods Damage Detection Damping of Materials & Members Modal Parameter Identification Modal Testing Methods System Identification Active Control Modal Parameter Estimation Processing Modal Data

The analysis of recurrences in dynamical systems by using recurrence plots and their quantification is still an emerging field. Over the past decades recurrence plots have proven to be valuable data visualization and analysis tools in the theoretical study of complex, time-varying dynamical systems as well as in various applications in biology, neuroscience, kinesiology, psychology, physiology, engineering, physics, geosciences, linguistics, finance, economics, and other disciplines. This multi-authored book intends to comprehensively introduce and showcase recent advances as well as established best practices concerning both theoretical and practical aspects of recurrence plot based analysis. Edited and authored by leading researcher in the field, the various chapters address an interdisciplinary readership, ranging from theoretical physicists to application-oriented scientists in all data-providing disciplines.