This book opens with a discussion of the vorticity-dynamic formulation of the low Mach number viscous flow problem. It examines the physical aspects of the velocity and the vorticity fields, their instantaneous relationship, and the transport of vorticity in viscous fluids for steady and unsteady flows. Subsequently, using classical analyses it explores the mathematical aspects of vorticity dynamics and issues of initial and boundary conditions for the viscous flow problem. It also includes the evolution of the vorticity field which surrounds and trails behind airfoils and wings, generalizations of Helmholtz' vortex theorems and the Biot-Savart Law. The book introduces a theorem that relates the aerodynamic force to the vorticity moment and reviews the applications of the theorem. Further, it presents interpretations of the Kutta-Joukowski theorem and Prandtl's lifting line theory for vorticity dynamics and discusses wake integral methods. The virtual-mass effect is shown to be the seminal event in unsteady aerodynamics and a simple approach for evaluating virtual-mass forces on the basis of vorticity dynamics is presented. The book presents a modern viewpoint on vorticity dynamics as the framework for understanding and establishing the fundamental principles of viscous and unsteady aerodynamics. It is intended for graduate-level students of classical aerodynamics and researchers exploring the frontiers of fully unsteady and non-streamlined aerodynamics.

The desire to understand the mechanics of elastic and plastic solids, new materials and the stability, reliability and dynamic behaviour of structures and their components under extreme environmental conditions has dominated research in structural engineering for many decades. Advances in these areas have revolutionized design methods, codes of practice, and the teaching of structural engineers. In this volume an international body of leading authorities presents some forty papers on current research directions in the specific areas of solid mechanics, structural computation, modern materials and their application, buckling and instability, design of structural systems and components, reliability, seismic analysis, and engineering education. They were presented at a symposium held July 10-12, 1994, at the University of Waterloo, Canada, to honour Professor Archibald Norbert Sherbourne who recently retired from a long and active career of teaching, research and academic administration at this University. The themes of the work contained within this volume reflect Professor Sherbourne's own research interests and will be of interest to both academics and practicing structural engineers.

Material technology has become so diversified in theories and the construction of novel microstructures that the researchers and practitioners are drifting further apart. This book is based on material presented at an International Symposium in Xanthi, Greece in July 1989. The symposium attracted a group of individual engineers and scientists from the East and West who tackled the question of why particular manipulations of a given material have particular effects. Emphasis is laid on the strain energy function because of the versatile role it plays in mechanics and physics. It has been used successfully not only in predicting the failure of solids but also in formulating constitutive relations in continuum mechanics. The material presented falls within the areas of: Fundamentals of Strain Energy Density, Damage Analysis on Strain Energy Density, Strain Energy Density as Failure Criterion, Applications, and Composites.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures DAMAS 2019, 9-10 July 2019, Porto, Portugal. It presents the expertise of scientists and engineers in academia and industry in the field of damage assessment, structural health monitoring and non-destructive evaluation. The proceedings covers all research topics relevant to damage assessment of engineering structures and systems including numerical simulations, signal processing of sensor measurements and theoretical techniques as well as experimental case studies.

Despite significant advances in technology and equipment for rolled steel, the computerization of production processes and the steady increase in production of sheet steel, recent scientific and technological achievements have not been compiled in the special literature and revealed to a wide range of specialists. This book details new approaches, computational techniques, and reliable calculation methods of leaf-rolling modes, forecasting and optimization of the technologies, increasing productivity of the mill and a radical improvement in the quality of steel products.

This volume emphazises the most recent advances in fracture mechanics as specifically applied to steel bar reinforced concrete. Fracture mechanics has been applied to plain and fibre reinforced concrete with increasing success over recent years. This workshop extended these concepts to steel bar reinforced and pre-stressed concrete design. Particularly for high strength concrete, which is a very brittle material, and in the case of large structural members, the application of fracture mechanics appears to be very useful for improving the present design rules. The pre-eminent participants at the Turin workshop contributed extensive expert opinions in four selected areas for which a rational approach, using fracture mechanics, could introduce variations into the concrete design codes: size effects; anchorage and bond; minimum reinforcement for elements in flexure; and shear resistance. The 23 chapters logically address these themes and demonstrate the unique ability of fracture mechanics to capture all the experimentally observed characteristics. The book is primarily directed to the researchers in universities and institutions and will be of value to consultants and engineering companies.

Vibration Problems in Machines explains how to infer information about the internal operations of rotating machines from external measurements through methods used to resolve practical plant problems. Second edition includes summary of instrumentation, methods for establishing machine rundown data, relationship between the rundown curves and the ideal frequency response function. The section on balancing has been expanded and examples are given on the strategies for balancing a rotor with a bend, with new section on instabilities. It includes case studies with real plant data, MATLAB (R) scripts and functions for the modelling and analysis of rotating machines.

This open access book gathers authoritative contributions concerning multiscale problems in biomechanics, geomechanics, materials science and tribology. It is written in memory of Sergey Grigorievich Psakhie to feature various aspects of his multifaceted research interests, ranging from theoretical physics, computer modeling of materials and material characterization at the atomic scale, to applications in space industry, medicine and geotectonics, and including organizational, psychological and philosophical aspects of scientific research and teaching as well. This book covers new advances relating to orthopedic implants, concerning the physiological, tribological and materials aspects of their behavior; medical and geological applications of permeable fluid-saturated materials; earthquake dynamics together with aspects relating to their managed and gentle release; lubrication, wear and material transfer in natural and artificial joints; material research in manufacturing processes; hard-soft matter interaction, including adhesive and capillary effects; using nanostructures for influencing living cells and for cancer treatment; manufacturing of surfaces with desired properties; self-organization of hierarchical structures during plastic deformation and thermal treatment; mechanics of composites and coatings; and many more. Covering established knowledge as well as new models and methods, this book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the field, yet also with extensive details on each single topic.

This book offers a collection of original peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 9th International Congress on Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems (CMSM'2021), held on December 20-22, 2021, in Hammamet, Tunisia. It reports on research findings, advanced methods and industrial applications relating to mechanical systems, materials and structures, and machining. It covers vibration analysis, CFD modeling and simulation, intelligent monitoring and control, including applications related to industry 4.0 and additive manufacturing. Continuing on the tradition of the previous editions, and with a good balance of theory and practice, the book offers a timely snapshot, and a useful resource for both researchers and professionals in the field of design and modeling of mechanical systems.

The fundamental premise of this monograph is that transparent synthetic materials with geotechnical properties similar to those of natural soils can be used to study 3D deformation and flow problems in natural soils. Transparent soils can be made by matching the refractive index of synthetic soil materials and the pore fluid. This monographs presents the geotechnical behaviour of several families of transparent soils that can be combined to meet model-test requirements, in terms of strength, deformation, or permeability.

"Modelling with Transparent Soils" demonstrates how an optical system consisting of a laser light, a CCD camera, a frame grabber, and a PC can be used to measure spatial deformations in transparent soil models non-intrusively. Transparent soil models are sliced optically using a laser light sheet. A distinctive speckle pattern is generated by the interaction of the laser light and transparent soil. A 2D deformation field is obtained from two speckle images by using an image processing technique named adaptive cross-correlation, which is an advanced form of the digital image cross-correlation (DIC) algorithm that utilizes both window sizing and window shifting methods. The monograph demonstrates that comparison of 2D deformation fields between transparent soil and natural soil showed that the results were comparable in almost every aspect. Three dimensional fields can be produced by combining multiple 2D fields in Matlab.

Multiphase flow and surfactant flushing tests were also simulated using a layered transparent soil systems and several contaminants. The developed technology allows for visualizing the contamination concentration and evaluating the performance of remediation technologies in bench scale model tests.

Localized Dynamics of Thin-Walled Shells focuses on localized vibrations and waves in thin-walled structures with variable geometrical and physical characteristics. It emphasizes novel asymptotic methods for solving boundary-value problems for dynamic equations in the shell theory, in the form of functions which are highly localized near both fixed and moving lines/points on the shell surface. Features First-of-its-kind work, synthesizing knowledge of the localization of vibrations and waves in thin-walled shells with a mathematical tool to study them Suitable for researchers working on the dynamics of thin shells and also as supplementary reading for undergraduates studying asymptotic methods Offers detailed analysis of wave processes in shells with varying geometric and physical parameters

The book presents new results and applications of the topological derivative method in control theory, topology optimization and inverse problems. It also introduces the theory in singularly perturbed geometrical domains using selected examples. Recognized as a robust numerical technique in engineering applications, such as topology optimization, inverse problems, imaging processing, multi-scale material design and mechanical modeling including damage and fracture evolution phenomena, the topological derivative method is based on the asymptotic approximations of solutions to elliptic boundary value problems combined with mathematical programming tools. The book presents the first order topology design algorithm and its applications in topology optimization, and introduces the second order Newton-type reconstruction algorithm based on higher order topological derivatives for solving inverse reconstruction problems. It is intended for researchers and students in applied mathematics and computational mechanics interested in the mathematical aspects of the topological derivative method as well as its applications in computational mechanics.

Wire rope is used in countless applications ranging from braces for teeth to superconducting cables. Many power lines are strands of aluminum wires twisted around a steel center wire; the most spectacular bridges are suspended from wire cables; wire rope is used to lower workers and equipment as deep as three miles in the gold mines of South Africa; and wire rope finds many applications in biomechanics.
Considerable progress has been made in the development of models to predict the response of ropes and to determine the effects of variations in the design and properties of a rope on its performance. The book begins with the equations of equilibrium for a thin curved wire in space, solves these equations, and applies the solution to determine the stresses in a simple strand. These results are then extended to ropes with more complex cross sections. Numerous examples are worked out to illustrate the theory. Test results are also discussed. This second edition includes new chapters on tension and compression of a cord, on fatigue, and on approximations.
Intended for graduate students and practicing engineers, this book is a comprehensive theoretical review of the mechanical behavior of wire rope.

FROM THE REVIEWS:

SIAM REVIEWS
"...the book could be used as a supplementary text in a design course to provide some theoretical background to empirical design rules. It could also be useful as a brief introduction to research students in the area."

This book describes the active vibration control techniques which have been developed to suppress excessive vibrations of structures. It covers the fundamental principles of active control methods and their applications and shows how active vibration control techniques have replaced traditional passive vibration control. The book includes coverage of dynamic modeling, control design, sensing methodology, actuator mechanism and electronic circuit design, and the implementation of control algorithms via digital controllers. An in-depth approach has been taken to describe the modeling of structures for control design, the development of control algorithms suitable for structural control, and the implementation of control algorithms by means of Simulink block diagrams or C language. Details of currently available actuators and sensors and electronic circuits for signal conditioning and filtering have been provided based on the most recent advances in the field. The book is used as a textbook for students and a reference for researchers who are interested in studying cutting-edge technology. It will be a valuable resource for academic and industrial researchers and professionals involved in the design and manufacture of active vibration controllers for structures in a wide variety of fields and industries including the automotive, rail, aerospace, and civil engineering sectors.

Concrete durability in climates where freezing and thawing occurs is a continuing problem. It is particularly acute for highway and bridge structures, where de-icing salts are used to combat the effects of frost, snow and ice. These salts can cause damage to concrete and accelerate corrosion of reinforcements. This book presents the latest international research on this area, with contributions from North America and Europe which were presented at an international RILEM workshop.

This proceedings contains the best contributions to the series of seminars held in Vienna (1992), Miskolc, Hungary (1993 and 1994) and Vienna (1995) and provides a valuable resource for those concerned with the teaching of fracture and fatigue. It presents a wide range of approaches relevant to course and curriculum development. It is aimed particularly at those concerned with graduate and post-graduate education.

Compares currently used methods in determining concrete toughness and presents recommended test procedures with theories and models for describing cracking and fracturing phenomena. Effects of loading rate, temperature and humidity are also examined. Well referenced and illustrated, this book is filled with practical technical information for materials and structural engineers.

Restraint and intrinsic stresses in concrete at early ages are vitally important for concrete structures which must remain free of water-permeable cracks, such as water-retaining structures, tunnel linings, locks and dams. The development of hydration heat, stiffness and strength, also the degree of restraint and, especially for high-strength concrete, non-thermal effects, are decisive for sensitivity to cracking. Determining thses stresses in the laboratory and in construction components has led to a clearer understanding of how they develop and how to optimize mix design, temperature and curing conditions. New testing equipment has enabled the effects of all the important parameters to be qualified and more reliable models for predictiong restraint stresses to be developed. Thermal Cracking in Conrete at Early Ages contains 56 contributions by leading international specialists presented at the RILEM Symposium held in October 1994 at the Technical University of Munich. It will be valuable for construction and site engineers, concrete technologists and scientists.

Innovative Shear Design presents a new, rational and economical design procedure that offers increased protection against shear for all types of structures. The first part of the book describes the internal forces imposed on any flexurally bent member, and goes on to describe how these can interact with external loading forces to cause failure. The author then details the new design approach, and explains how its implementation can prevent cracking and failure for a given load. The book contains numerous practical examples describing optimum design techniques for all types of structure. Innovative Shear Design is an essential reference for structural designers, architects, academics, and researchers. It will also be a key reference text for students of structural design.

This volume presents the Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Vibration Problems, held in Istanbul, Turkey, 05-09 September 2005. As with the earlier conferences in the ICOVP series, the purpose of ICOVP-2005 was to bring together scientists with different backgrounds, actively working on vibration-related problems of engineering both in theoretical and applied fields. The main objective did not lie, however, in reporting specific results as such, but rather in joining/exchanging different languages, questions and methods developed in the respective disciplines, and to thus stimulate a broad interdisciplinary research. The topics, indeed, vary from the effect of ground motion on the stochastic response of suspension bridges to coupling effects between different vibrations in rotor-blade systems. All lectures delivered at the Conference are recorded in their full text.

Plates are integral parts of most engineering structures and their vibration analysis is required for safe design. Vibration of Plates provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to vibration theory and analysis of two-dimensional plates. Reflecting the author's more than 15 years of original research on plate vibration, this book presents new methodologies and demonstrates their effectiveness by providing comprehensive results. The text also offers background information on vibration problems along with a discussion of various plate geometries and boundary conditions, including the new concepts of Boundary Characteristic Orthogonal Polynomials (BCOPs).

This reference guide or undergraduate text shows how to determine, by analyzing metallurgical failures, the validity of a product design. This revision of a successful work features new techniques in electron microscopy, testing fracture toughness, and fracture mechanics. It describes destructive and nondestructive techniques regarding their advantages, limitations, applications, and meaning. Written to be understood by all engineers concerned about component failure, this edition approaches typical problem areas from a physical and mechanical viewpoint. Also described is the relationship between the practical and the theoretical, so that failure analyses can best be resolved and failure recurrence prevented. The book maintains English and SI units throughout.

This book introduces the key concepts of nonlinear finite element analysis procedures. The book explains the fundamental theories of the field and provides instructions on how to apply the concepts to solving practical engineering problems. Instead of covering many nonlinear problems, the book focuses on three representative problems: nonlinear elasticity, elastoplasticity, and contact problems. The book is written independent of any particular software, but tutorials and examples using four commercial programs are included as appendices: ANSYS, NASTRAN, ABAQUS, and MATLAB. In particular, the MATLAB program includes all source codes so that students can develop their own material models, or different algorithms. Please visit the author's website for supplemental material, including PowerPoint presentations and MATLAB codes, at http://www2.mae.ufl.edu/nkim/INFEM/

"Describes the latest techniques and real-life applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and heat transfer in aeronautics, materials processing and manufacturing, electronic cooling, and environmental control. Includes new material from experienced researchers in the field. Complete with detailed equations for fluid flow and heat transfer."

Delineating a comprehensive theory, Advanced Vibration Analysis provides the bedrock for building a general mathematical framework for the analysis of a model of a physical system undergoing vibration. The book illustrates how the physics of a problem is used to develop a more specific framework for the analysis of that problem. The author elucidates a general theory applicable to both discrete and continuous systems and includes proofs of important results, especially proofs that are themselves instructive for a thorough understanding of the result. The book begins with a discussion of the physics of dynamic systems comprised of particles, rigid bodies, and deformable bodies and the physics and mathematics for the analysis of a system with a single-degree-of-freedom. It develops mathematical models using energy methods and presents the mathematical foundation for the framework. The author illustrates the development and analysis of linear operators used in various problems and the formulation of the differential equations governing the response of a conservative linear system in terms of self-adjoint linear operators, the inertia operator, and the stiffness operator. The author focuses on the free response of linear conservative systems and the free response of non-self-adjoint systems. He explores three method for determining the forced response and approximate methods of solution for continuous systems. The use of the mathematical foundation and the application of the physics to build a framework for the modeling and development of the response is emphasized throughout the book. The presence of the framework becomes more important as the complexity of the system increases. The text builds the foundation, formalizes it, and uses it in a consistent fashion including application to contemporary research using linear vibrations.