The fundamental premise of this monograph is that transparent synthetic materials with geotechnical properties similar to those of natural soils can be used to study 3D deformation and flow problems in natural soils. Transparent soils can be made by matching the refractive index of synthetic soil materials and the pore fluid. This monographs presents the geotechnical behaviour of several families of transparent soils that can be combined to meet model-test requirements, in terms of strength, deformation, or permeability.

"Modelling with Transparent Soils" demonstrates how an optical system consisting of a laser light, a CCD camera, a frame grabber, and a PC can be used to measure spatial deformations in transparent soil models non-intrusively. Transparent soil models are sliced optically using a laser light sheet. A distinctive speckle pattern is generated by the interaction of the laser light and transparent soil. A 2D deformation field is obtained from two speckle images by using an image processing technique named adaptive cross-correlation, which is an advanced form of the digital image cross-correlation (DIC) algorithm that utilizes both window sizing and window shifting methods. The monograph demonstrates that comparison of 2D deformation fields between transparent soil and natural soil showed that the results were comparable in almost every aspect. Three dimensional fields can be produced by combining multiple 2D fields in Matlab.

Multiphase flow and surfactant flushing tests were also simulated using a layered transparent soil systems and several contaminants. The developed technology allows for visualizing the contamination concentration and evaluating the performance of remediation technologies in bench scale model tests.

Innovative Shear Design presents a new, rational and economical design procedure that offers increased protection against shear for all types of structures. The first part of the book describes the internal forces imposed on any flexurally bent member, and goes on to describe how these can interact with external loading forces to cause failure. The author then details the new design approach, and explains how its implementation can prevent cracking and failure for a given load. The book contains numerous practical examples describing optimum design techniques for all types of structure. Innovative Shear Design is an essential reference for structural designers, architects, academics, and researchers. It will also be a key reference text for students of structural design.

Concrete durability in climates where freezing and thawing occurs is a continuing problem. It is particularly acute for highway and bridge structures, where de-icing salts are used to combat the effects of frost, snow and ice. These salts can cause damage to concrete and accelerate corrosion of reinforcements. This book presents the latest international research on this area, with contributions from North America and Europe which were presented at an international RILEM workshop.

This proceedings contains the best contributions to the series of seminars held in Vienna (1992), Miskolc, Hungary (1993 and 1994) and Vienna (1995) and provides a valuable resource for those concerned with the teaching of fracture and fatigue. It presents a wide range of approaches relevant to course and curriculum development. It is aimed particularly at those concerned with graduate and post-graduate education.

Compares currently used methods in determining concrete toughness and presents recommended test procedures with theories and models for describing cracking and fracturing phenomena. Effects of loading rate, temperature and humidity are also examined. Well referenced and illustrated, this book is filled with practical technical information for materials and structural engineers.

Plates are integral parts of most engineering structures and their vibration analysis is required for safe design. Vibration of Plates provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to vibration theory and analysis of two-dimensional plates. Reflecting the author's more than 15 years of original research on plate vibration, this book presents new methodologies and demonstrates their effectiveness by providing comprehensive results. The text also offers background information on vibration problems along with a discussion of various plate geometries and boundary conditions, including the new concepts of Boundary Characteristic Orthogonal Polynomials (BCOPs).

Restraint and intrinsic stresses in concrete at early ages are vitally important for concrete structures which must remain free of water-permeable cracks, such as water-retaining structures, tunnel linings, locks and dams. The development of hydration heat, stiffness and strength, also the degree of restraint and, especially for high-strength concrete, non-thermal effects, are decisive for sensitivity to cracking. Determining thses stresses in the laboratory and in construction components has led to a clearer understanding of how they develop and how to optimize mix design, temperature and curing conditions. New testing equipment has enabled the effects of all the important parameters to be qualified and more reliable models for predictiong restraint stresses to be developed. Thermal Cracking in Conrete at Early Ages contains 56 contributions by leading international specialists presented at the RILEM Symposium held in October 1994 at the Technical University of Munich. It will be valuable for construction and site engineers, concrete technologists and scientists.

Wire rope is used in countless applications ranging from braces for teeth to superconducting cables. Many power lines are strands of aluminum wires twisted around a steel center wire; the most spectacular bridges are suspended from wire cables; wire rope is used to lower workers and equipment as deep as three miles in the gold mines of South Africa; and wire rope finds many applications in biomechanics.
Considerable progress has been made in the development of models to predict the response of ropes and to determine the effects of variations in the design and properties of a rope on its performance. The book begins with the equations of equilibrium for a thin curved wire in space, solves these equations, and applies the solution to determine the stresses in a simple strand. These results are then extended to ropes with more complex cross sections. Numerous examples are worked out to illustrate the theory. Test results are also discussed. This second edition includes new chapters on tension and compression of a cord, on fatigue, and on approximations.
Intended for graduate students and practicing engineers, this book is a comprehensive theoretical review of the mechanical behavior of wire rope.

FROM THE REVIEWS:

SIAM REVIEWS
"...the book could be used as a supplementary text in a design course to provide some theoretical background to empirical design rules. It could also be useful as a brief introduction to research students in the area."

Delineating a comprehensive theory, Advanced Vibration Analysis provides the bedrock for building a general mathematical framework for the analysis of a model of a physical system undergoing vibration. The book illustrates how the physics of a problem is used to develop a more specific framework for the analysis of that problem. The author elucidates a general theory applicable to both discrete and continuous systems and includes proofs of important results, especially proofs that are themselves instructive for a thorough understanding of the result. The book begins with a discussion of the physics of dynamic systems comprised of particles, rigid bodies, and deformable bodies and the physics and mathematics for the analysis of a system with a single-degree-of-freedom. It develops mathematical models using energy methods and presents the mathematical foundation for the framework. The author illustrates the development and analysis of linear operators used in various problems and the formulation of the differential equations governing the response of a conservative linear system in terms of self-adjoint linear operators, the inertia operator, and the stiffness operator. The author focuses on the free response of linear conservative systems and the free response of non-self-adjoint systems. He explores three method for determining the forced response and approximate methods of solution for continuous systems. The use of the mathematical foundation and the application of the physics to build a framework for the modeling and development of the response is emphasized throughout the book. The presence of the framework becomes more important as the complexity of the system increases. The text builds the foundation, formalizes it, and uses it in a consistent fashion including application to contemporary research using linear vibrations.

Offers designers and users of mechanical systems an overview of structural stiffness and damping and their critical roles in mechanical design. The text assesses the relationship between stiffness and damping parameters in mechanical systems and structural materials. An accompanying disk contains detailed analyses of stiffness- and damping-critical systems.

"Provides previously unavailable material in sound quality crucial for a more effective design process. Presents all aspects of product sound quality, such as ""rules of thumb"" and design formulas and charts. Covers sound radiation and targeting, resolving, and testing design features."

"Describes the latest techniques and real-life applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and heat transfer in aeronautics, materials processing and manufacturing, electronic cooling, and environmental control. Includes new material from experienced researchers in the field. Complete with detailed equations for fluid flow and heat transfer."

This book offers a collection of original peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 9th International Congress on Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems (CMSM'2021), held on December 20-22, 2021, in Hammamet, Tunisia. It reports on research findings, advanced methods and industrial applications relating to mechanical systems, materials and structures, and machining. It covers vibration analysis, CFD modeling and simulation, intelligent monitoring and control, including applications related to industry 4.0 and additive manufacturing. Continuing on the tradition of the previous editions, and with a good balance of theory and practice, the book offers a timely snapshot, and a useful resource for both researchers and professionals in the field of design and modeling of mechanical systems.

This book provides a comprehensive guideline on dynamic analysis and vibration control of axially moving systems. First, the mathematical models of various axially moving systems describing the string, beam, belt, and plate models are developed. Accordingly, dynamical issues such as the equilibrium configuration, critical velocity, stability, bifurcation, and further chaotic dynamics are analyzed. Second, this book covers the design of the control schemes based on the hitherto control strategies for axially moving systems: feedback control using the transfer function, variable structure control, control by regulating the axial velocity, wave cancellation approach, boundary control using the Lyapunov method, adaptive control, and hybrid control methods. Finally, according to the contents discussed in the book, specific aspects are outlined for initiating future research endeavors to be undertaken concerning axially moving systems. This book is useful to graduate students and researchers in industrial sectors such as continuous manufacturing systems, transport systems, power transmission systems, and lifting systems not to mention in academia.

This volume presents the Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Vibration Problems, held in Istanbul, Turkey, 05-09 September 2005. As with the earlier conferences in the ICOVP series, the purpose of ICOVP-2005 was to bring together scientists with different backgrounds, actively working on vibration-related problems of engineering both in theoretical and applied fields. The main objective did not lie, however, in reporting specific results as such, but rather in joining/exchanging different languages, questions and methods developed in the respective disciplines, and to thus stimulate a broad interdisciplinary research. The topics, indeed, vary from the effect of ground motion on the stochastic response of suspension bridges to coupling effects between different vibrations in rotor-blade systems. All lectures delivered at the Conference are recorded in their full text.

This book introduces the key concepts of nonlinear finite element analysis procedures. The book explains the fundamental theories of the field and provides instructions on how to apply the concepts to solving practical engineering problems. Instead of covering many nonlinear problems, the book focuses on three representative problems: nonlinear elasticity, elastoplasticity, and contact problems. The book is written independent of any particular software, but tutorials and examples using four commercial programs are included as appendices: ANSYS, NASTRAN, ABAQUS, and MATLAB. In particular, the MATLAB program includes all source codes so that students can develop their own material models, or different algorithms. Please visit the author's website for supplemental material, including PowerPoint presentations and MATLAB codes, at http://www2.mae.ufl.edu/nkim/INFEM/

Time series with mixed spectra are characterized by hidden periodic components buried in random noise. Despite strong interest in the statistical and signal processing communities, no book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject. Filling this void, Time Series with Mixed Spectra focuses on the methods and theory for the statistical analysis of time series with mixed spectra. It presents detailed theoretical and empirical analyses of important methods and algorithms. Using both simulated and real-world data to illustrate the analyses, the book discusses periodogram analysis, autoregression, maximum likelihood, and covariance analysis. It considers real- and complex-valued time series, with and without the Gaussian assumption. The author also includes the most recent results on the Laplace and quantile periodograms as extensions of the traditional periodogram. Complete in breadth and depth, this book explains how to perform the spectral analysis of time series data to detect and estimate the hidden periodicities represented by the sinusoidal functions. The book not only extends results from the existing literature but also contains original material, including the asymptotic theory for closely spaced frequencies and the proof of asymptotic normality of the nonlinear least-absolute-deviations frequency estimator.

In this book the modern theory of both regular and chaotic nonlinear oscillations is set out, primarily, as applied to mechanical problems. The material is presented in a nontraditional manner with emphasis on the new results of the theory obtained partially by the author, who is one of the leading experts in the area. Among the up-to-date topics are synchronization and chaotization of self-oscillatory systems and the influence of weak random vibrations on the modification of characteristics and behavior of nonlinear systems. One of the purposes of the book is to enable readers to gain a thorough understanding of this theory and to show that it can be very useful in engineering investigations. The primary audience for this book is researchers working with different oscillatory processes and students interested in a thorough study of the general laws and applications of the theory of nonlinear oscillations.

This book comprises the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures (ACMBS) 2021. The contents of this volume focus on recent technological advances in the field of material behavior, seismic performance, fire resistance, structural health monitoring, sustainability, rehabilitation of structures, etc. The contents cover latest advances especially in applications in reinforced concrete, wood, masonry and steel structures, field application, bond development and splice length of FRB bars, structural shapes and fully composite bars, etc. This volume will prove a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

Earthquakes affecting urban areas can lead to catastrophic situations and hazard mitigation requires preparatory measures at all levels. Structural assessment is the diagnosis of the seismic health of buildings. Assessment is the prelude to decisions about rehabilitation or even demolition. The scale of the problem in dense urban settings brings about a need for macro seismic appraisal procedures because large numbers of existing buildings do not conform to the increased requirements of new earthquake codes and specifications or have other deficiencies. It is the vulnerable buildings - liable to cause damage and loss of life - that need immediate attention and urgent appraisal in order to decide if structural rehabilitation and upgrading are feasible. Current economic, efficient and occupant-friendly rehabilitation techniques vary widely and include the application either of precast concrete panels or layers, strips and patches of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) in strategic locations. The papers in this book, many by renowned authorities in earthquake engineering, chart new and vital directions of research and application in the assessment and rehabilitation of buildings in seismic regions. While several papers discuss the probabilistic prediction and quantification of structural damage, others present approaches related with the in-situ and occupant friendly upgrading of buildings and propose both economical and practical techniques to address the problem.

This book examines the issues across the breadth of elasticity theory. Firstly, the underpinning mathematics of vectors and matrices is covered. Thereafter, the equivalence between the inidicial, symbolic and matrix notations used for tensors is illustrated in the preparation for specific types of material behaviour to be expressed, usually as a response function from which a constitutive stress-strain relation follow.Mechanics of Elastic Solids shows that the elastic response of solid materials has many forms. Metals and their alloys confirm dutifully to Hooke's law. Non-metals do not when the law connecting stress to strain is expressed in polynomial, exponential and various empirical, material specific forms. Hyper- and hypo- elasticity theories differ in that the former is restricted to its thermodynamic basis while the latter pervades many an observed response with its release from thermal restriction, but only at the risk of contravening the laws of thermodynamics.This unique compendium is suitable for a degree or diploma course in engineering and applied mathematics, as well as postgraduate and professional researchers.

This monograph explores the application of the potential method to three-dimensional problems of the mathematical theories of elasticity and thermoelasticity for multi-porosity materials. These models offer several new possibilities for the study of important problems in engineering and mechanics involving multi-porosity materials, including geological materials (e.g., oil, gas, and geothermal reservoirs); manufactured porous materials (e.g., ceramics and pressed powders); and biomaterials (e.g., bone and the human brain). Proceeding from basic to more advanced material, the first part of the book begins with fundamental solutions in elasticity, followed by Galerkin-type solutions and Green's formulae in elasticity and problems of steady vibrations, quasi-static, and pseudo-oscillations for multi-porosity materials. The next part follows a similar format for thermoelasticity, concluding with a chapter on problems of heat conduction for rigid bodies. The final chapter then presents a number of open research problems to which the results presented here can be applied. All results discussed by the author have not been published previously and offer new insights into these models. Potential Method in Mathematical Theories of Multi-Porosity Media will be a valuable resource for applied mathematicians, mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineers, and researchers studying continuum mechanics. Readers should be knowledgeable in classical theories of elasticity and thermoelasticity.

A popular text in its first edition, Mechanics of Solids and Structures serves as a course text for the senior/graduate (fourth or fifth year) courses/modules in the mechanics of solid/advanced strength of materials, offered in aerospace, civil, engineering science, and mechanical engineering departments. Now, Mechanics of Solid and Structure, Second Edition presents the latest developments in computational methods that have revolutionized the field, while retaining all of the basic principles and foundational information needed for mastering advanced engineering mechanics.

Key changes to the second edition include full-color illustrations throughout, web-based computational material, and the addition of a new chapter on the energy methods of structural mechanics. Using authoritative, yet accessible language, the authors explain the construction of expressions for both total potential energy and complementary potential energy associated with structures. They explore how the principles of minimal total potential energy and complementary energy provide the means to obtain governing equations of the structure, as well as a means to determine point forces and displacements with ease using Castigliano s Theorems I and II. The material presented in this chapter also provides a deeper understanding of the finite element method, the most popular method for solving structural mechanics problems.

Integrating computer techniques and programs into the body of the text, all chapters offer exercise problems for further understanding. Several appendices provide examples, answers to select problems, and opportunities for investigation into complementary topics. Listings of computer programs discussed are available on the CRC Press website.

Finite element methods have become ever more important to engineers as tools for design and optimization, now even for solving non-linear technological problems. However, several aspects must be considered for finite-element simulations which are specific for non-linear problems: These problems require the knowledge and the understanding of theoretical foundations and their finite-element discretization as well as algorithms for solving the non-linear equations.

This book provides the reader with the required knowledge covering the complete field of finite element analyses in solid mechanics. It is written for advanced students in engineering fields but serves also as an introduction into non-linear simulation for the practising engineer.

'A strong point of this book is its coverage of tensor theory, which is herein deemed both more readable and more substantial than many other historic continuum mechanics books. The book is self-contained. It serves admirably as a reference resource on fundamental principles and equations of tensor mathematics applied to continuum mechanics. Exercises and problem sets are useful for teaching ... The book is highly recommended as both a graduate textbook and a reference work for students and more senior researchers involved in theoretical and mathematical modelling of continuum mechanics of materials. Key concepts are well described in the text and are supplemented by informative exercises and problem sets with solutions, and comprehensive Appendices provide important equations for ease of reference.'Contemporary PhysicsA tensor field is a tensor-valued function of position in space. The use of tensor fields allows us to present physical laws in a clear, compact form. A byproduct is a set of simple and clear rules for the representation of vector differential operators such as gradient, divergence, and Laplacian in curvilinear coordinate systems. The tensorial nature of a quantity permits us to formulate transformation rules for its components under a change of basis. These rules are relatively simple and easily grasped by any engineering student familiar with matrix operators in linear algebra. More complex problems arise when one considers the tensor fields that describe continuum bodies. In this case general curvilinear coordinates become necessary. The principal basis of a curvilinear system is constructed as a set of vectors tangent to the coordinate lines. Another basis, called the dual basis, is also constructed in a special manner. The existence of these two bases is responsible for the mysterious covariant and contravariant terminology encountered in tensor discussions.This book provides a clear, concise, and self-contained treatment of tensors and tensor fields. It covers the foundations of linear elasticity, shell theory, and generalized continuum media, offers hints, answers, and full solutions for many of the problems and exercises, and Includes a handbook-style summary of important tensor formulas.The book can be useful for beginners who are interested in the basics of tensor calculus. It also can be used by experienced readers who seek a comprehensive review on applications of the tensor calculus in mechanics.