This book presents the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Bioprocess Engineering and Technology (ICABET 2020). The book covers all aspects of bioprocesses, especially related to fermentation technology, food technology, environmental biotechnology, and sustainable energy. Along with this primary theme, the focus is on recent advances in bioprocessing research such as biosensors, micro-reactors, novel separation techniques, bioprocess control, bio-safety, advanced techniques for waste to wealth generation, and nanobiotechnology. This contents are divided according to the major themes of the conference: (i) Fermentation Technology and Bioreactor, (ii) Food Pharmaceuticals and Health care, (iii) Environment and Agriculture, and (iv) Sustainable Energy. This book is intended to help students, researchers, and industry professionals acquire knowledge on innovative technologies and recent advancements in the field of bioprocess engineering and technology.

Nanotechnology has reached a level where almost every new development and even every new product uses features of nanoscopic properties of materials. As a consequence, an enormous amount of scientific instruments is used in order to synthesize and analyze new structures and materials. Due to the surface sensitivity of such materials, many of these instruments require ultrahigh vacuum that has to be provided under extreme conditions like very high voltages.

In this book, Yoshimura provides a review of the UHV related development during the last decades. His very broad experience in the design enables him to present us this detailed reference. After a general description how to design UHV systems, he covers all important issue in detail, like pumps, outgasing, Gauges, and Electrodes for high voltages.

Thus, this book serves as reference for everybody using UVH in his scientific equipment.

Systematically details single element materials according to the main groups of the constituent elements Classifies the most effective and widely studied 2D Xenes materials Expounds upon changes in properties and improvements in applications by different regulation mechanisms Discusses the significance of 2D single element materials where structural characteristics are closely combined with different preparation methods and the relevant theoretical properties complement each other with practical applications

The book is an introduction to nanomedicine informed by a philosophical reflection about the domain and recent developments. It is an overview of the field, sketching out the main areas of current investment and research. The authors present some case-studies illustrating the different areas of research (nanopharmacy, theranostics and patient monitoring) as well as reflecting on the risks that accompany it, such as unanticipated impacts on human health and environmental toxicity. This introduction to a fast-growing field in modern medical research is of great interest to researchers working in many disciplines as well as the general public. In addition to an overview of the work currently ongoing, the authors critically assess these projects from an ethical and philosophical perspective. Key Features Provides an overview of nanomedicine Employs a reflective and coherent critical evaluation of the benefits and risks of nanomedicine Written in an accessible manner intended for a wide audience Related Titles Hehenberger, M. Nanomedicine: Science, Business, and impact (ISBN 978-9-8146-1376-7). Beg, S., et al. Nanomedicine for the treatment of Disease: From Concept to Application (ISBN 978-1-7746-3443-1) Brenner, S. The Clinical Nanomedicine Handbook (ISBN 978-1-1380-7578-8)

The book explains the principles and fundamentals of photocatalysis and highlights the current developments and future potential of the green-chemistry-oriented applications of various inorganic, organic, and hybrid photocatalysts. The book consists of eleven chapters, including the principles and fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis; the mechanisms and dynamics of surface photocatalysis; research on TiO2-based composites with unique nanostructures; the latest developments and advances in exploiting photocatalyst alternatives to TiO2; and photocatalytic materials for applications other than the traditional degradation of pollutants, such as carbon dioxide reduction, water oxidation, a complete spectrum of selective organic transformations and water splitting by photocatalytic reduction. In addition, heterogeneized polyoxometalate materials for photocatalytic purposes and the proper design of photocatalytic reactors and modeling of light are also discussed. This book appeals to a wide readership of the academic and industrial researchers and it can also be used in the classroom for undergraduate and graduate students focusing on heterogeneous photocatalysis, sustainable chemistry, energy conversion and storage, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, optoelectronics, sensors, and surface and interface science. Juan Carlos Colmenares is a Professor at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. Yi-Jun Xu is a Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, China.

This book describes a series of research topics investigated during the 6 years from 2010 through 2015 in the project "Advanced Materials Development and Integration of Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic Materials". Every section of the book is aimed at understanding the most advanced research by describing details starting with the fundamentals as often as possible. Because both fundamental and cutting-edge topics are contained in this book, it provides a great deal of useful information for chemists as well as for materials scientists and engineers who wish to consider future prospects and innovations. The contents of Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic Materials are unique in materials science and technology. The project was carried out through the cooperation of research groups in the following six institutes in Japan: the Institute for Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University; the Materials and Structures Laboratory (MSL), Tokyo Institute of Technology; the Joining and Welding Research Institute (JWRI), Osaka University; the Eco-Topia Science Institute (EST), Nagoya University; the Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; and the Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), Waseda University. Major objectives of the project included creation of advanced metallic and inorganic materials with a novel structure, as well as development of materials-joining technologies for development of cutting-edge applications as environmental and energy materials, biomedical materials, and electronic materials for contributing to the creation of a safer and more secure society.

This book is devoted to various aspects of self-assembly of gold nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces and investigation of their properties. It covers primarily two large fields: (i) self-assembly of nanoparticles and optical properties of these assemblies; and (ii) the role of nanoparticles in redox electrocatalysis at liquid-liquid interfaces. The first part aroused from a long-lasting idea to manipulate adsorption of nanoparticles at liquid-liquid with an external electric field to form 'smart' mirrors and/or filters. Therefore, Chapters 3 to 5 are dedicated to explore fundamental aspects of charged nanoparticles self-assembly and to investigate optical properties (extinction and reflectance) in a through manner. Novel tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-assisted method leads to self-assembly of nanoparticles into cm-scale nanofilms or, so-called, metal liquid-like droplets (MeLLDs) with remarkable optical properties. The second part (Chapters 6 to 8) clarifies the role of nanoparticles in interfacial electron transfer reactions. They demonstrate how nanoparticles are charged and discharged upon equilibration of Fermi levels with redox couples in solution and how it can be used to perform HER and ORR. Finally, Chapter 9 gives a perspective outlook, including applications of suggested methods in fast, one-step preparation of colloidosomes, SERS substrates as well as pioneer studies on so-called Marangony-type shutters drive by the electric field.

This book contains the contributions of selected young chemists from the field of nanotechnology and material sciences. The contributions
are grouped under the following umbrella topics:
Self assembly
Nanomaterials
Molecular Machinery
This volume is an indispensable read for all materials scientists, organic, and inorganic chemists, Ph.D. students in chemistry and
material sciences interested in seeing what tomorrow's chemistry will look like.

Edited by the leaders in the fi eld, with chapters from highly renowned international researchers, this is the fi rst coherent overview of the latest in silicon nanomembrane research. As such, it focuses on the fundamental and applied aspects of silicon nanomembranes, ranging from synthesis and manipulation to manufacturing, device integration and system level applications, including uses in bio-integrated electronics, three-dimensional integrated photonics, solar cells, and transient electronics. The first part describes in detail the fundamental physics and materials science involved, as well as synthetic approaches and assembly and manufacturing strategies, while the second covers the wide range of device applications and system level demonstrators already achieved, with examples taken from electronics and photonics and from biomedicine and energy.

Submicron and nanoscale systems have risen on the research agenda. Exploiting the technological potential offered by these exotic materials requires a fundamental understanding of basic physical phenomena on the mesoscopic and nanoscopic scales. This book, written by leading experts in the field, covers such topics as the Kondo effect, electron transport, disorder and quantum coherence with electron-electron interaction, persistent current and thermoelectric phenomena, in quantum dots, quantum wires, carbon nanotubes and more.

1. Gives an in-depth account of the extraordinary optical property at the nanoscale and its use in sensing. 2. Useful for academia, researchers and engineers working in water treatment and purification. 3. Provides sensing application of thematic nanomaterials like quantum dots and core-shell.

This new volume offers comprehensive coverage of bacterial biosurfactants, the competitive new area of research that has exciting potential application in agriculture and petroleum exploration. The book helps readers to understand the synthesis of biosurfactants by some specific bacteria, their culture, and extraction toward use in bioremediation and enhanced crude oil recovery. The volume covers the gamut of topics in bacterial biosurfactants in nanostructure, including their comparison to synthetic surfactants, their interaction with microorganisms, and their biochemistry, characterization, genetics of production, bioremedial effects, and more. The volume also explores the myriad uses of bacterial biosurfactants, including in laundry detergents, cosmetics, food production, petroleum, agriculture, medicine and therapeutics, environment, metallurgy, etc. Attention to biosurfactants has been gradually increasing in recent years due to the possibility of their production through fermentation technology and their potential applications in environmental protection. Despite their numerous advantages over synthetic chemical surfactants, biosurfactants have been unable to compete with chemically synthesized surfactants due to high production costs in relation to the inefficient bioprocessing techniques, poor strain productivity, and use of costly substrates. This volume helps to identify the factors that need to be addressed to reduce the cost of production of biosurfactants.

-On the Mechanisms Leading to Exfoliated Nanocomposites Prepared by Mixing By C. D. Han -Phase Behavior and Phase Transitions in AB- and ABA-type Microphase-Separated Block Copolymers By J. K. Kim, C. D. Han -New Class Materials of Organic Inorganic Hybridized Nanocrystals/Nanoparticles, and Their Assembled Microand Nano-Structure Toward Photonics By H. Oikawa, T. Onodera, A. Masuhara, H. Kasai, H. Nakanishi -Poly(substituted Methylene) Synthesis: Construction of C C Main Chain from One Carbon Unit By E. Ihara"

Nanostructuring of materials is a task at the heart of many modern disciplines in mechanical engineering, as well as optics, electronics, and the life sciences. This book includes an introduction to the relevant nonlinear optical processes associated with very short laser pulses for the generation of structures far below the classical optical diffraction limit of about 200 nanometers as well as coverage of state-of-the-art technical and biomedical applications. These applications include silicon and glass wafer processing, production of nanowires, laser transfection and cell reprogramming, optical cleaning, surface treatments of implants, nanowires, 3D nanoprinting, STED lithography, friction modification, and integrated optics. The book highlights also the use of modern femtosecond laser microscopes and nanoscopes as novel nanoprocessing tools.

This book introduces the latest research developments in composite nanomaterials and summarizes the fundamentals and technical approaches in synthesis, fabrication and processing of composite nanomaterials. The author describes the intrinsic relationship between the catalytic properties and the physical and chemical effects in the composite materials, providing for theoretical and technical bases for effectively developing novel electrocatalyst - applications of the nanocomposites in energy conversion areas.

The aim of this book is to explore the detectable properties of a material to the parameters of bond and non-bond involved and to clarify the interdependence of various properties. This book is composed of four parts; Part I deals with the formation and relaxation dynamics of bond and non-bond during chemisorptions with uncovering of the correlation among the chemical bond, energy band and surface potential barrier (3B) during reactions; Part II is focused on the relaxation of bonds between atoms with fewer neighbors than the ideal in bulk with unraveling of the bond order-length-strength (BOLS) correlation mechanism, which clarifies the nature difference between nanostructures and bulk of the same substance; Part III deals with the relaxation dynamics of bond under heating and compressing with revealing of rules on the temperature-resolved elastic and plastic properties of low-dimensional materials; Part IV is focused on the asymmetric relaxation dynamics of the hydrogen bond (O: H-O) and the anomalous behavior of water and ice under cooling, compressing and clustering. The target audience for this book includes scientists, engineers and practitioners in the area of surface science and nanoscience

The seemingly unlimited technological potential of nanotechnology brings with it new practices of governance, networking, and exercising power and agency. Focusing on scholars in the Global South, this text covers nanotechnology discourses, imaginaries, and materialities as they circulate and interact within governance knowledge networks. Rather than adapt their actions to existing governance mechanisms and science, technology, and innovation policy, scientists use the imaginary of nanotechnology to create new symbolic and material incentives, thus shaping its governance. By tracing the constantly shifting asymmetries of knowledge and power, the book offers fresh insights into the dynamics of knowledge networks.

Risk is a popular topic in many sciences - in natural, medical, statistical, engineering, social, economic and legal disciplines. Yet, no single discipline can grasp the full meaning of risk. Investigating risk requires a multidisciplinary approach. The authors, coming from two very different disciplinary traditions, meet this challenge by building bridges between the engineering, the statistical and the social science perspectives. The book provides a comprehensive, accessible and concise guide to risk assessment, management and governance. A basic pillar for the book is the risk governance framework proposed by the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC). This framework offers a comprehensive means of integrating risk identification, assessment, management and communication. The authors develop and explain new insights and add substance to the various elements of the framework. The theoretical analysis is illustrated by several examples from different areas of applications.

Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a powerful method for the characterization of polymers, biopolymers, polyelectrolytes, nanoparticles, dispersions, and other colloidal systems. The method is able to determine the molar mass, the particle size, the particle density and interaction parameters like virial coefficients and association constants. Because AUC is also a fractionation method, the determination of the molar mass distribution, the particle size distribution, and the particle density distribution is possible. A special technique, the density gradient method, allows fractionating heterogeneous samples according to their chemical nature that means being able to detect chemical heterogeneity. The book is divided into chapters concerning instrumentation, sedimentation velocity runs, density gradient runs, application examples and future developments. In particular, the detailed application chapter demonstrates the versatility and power of AUC by means of many interesting and important industrial examples. Thus the book concentrates on practical aspects rather than details of centrifugation theory.

Both authors have many years of experience in an industrial AUC research laboratory of a world leading chemical company.

Intended to update scientists and engineers on the current state of the art in a variety of key techniques used extensively in the fabrication of structures at the nanoscale. The present work covers the essential technologies for creating sub 25 nm features lithographically, depositing layers with nanometer control, and etching patterns and structures at the nanoscale. A distinguishing feature of this book is a focus not on extension of microelectronics fabrication, but rather on techniques applicable for building NEMS, biosensors, nanomaterials, photonic crystals, and other novel devices and structures that will revolutionize society in the coming years.

Group theoretical concepts elucidate fundamental physical phenomena, including excitation spectra of quantum systems and complex geometrical structures such as molecules and crystals. These concepts are extensively covered in numerous textbooks. The aim of the present monograph is to illuminate more subtle aspects featuring group theory for quantum mechanics, that is, the concept of dynamical symmetry. Dynamical symmetry groups complement the conventional groups: their elements induce transitions between states belonging to different representations of the symmetry group of the Hamiltonian. Dynamical symmetry appears as a hidden symmetry in the hydrogen atom and quantum rotator problem, but its main role is manifested in nano and meso systems. Such systems include atomic clusters, large molecules, quantum dots attached to metallic electrodes, etc. They are expected to be the building blocks of future quantum electronic devices and information transmitting algorithms. Elucidation of the electronic properties of such systems is greatly facilitated by applying concepts of dynamical group theory.

Starting from the traditional enzyme-based biosensing method to functionalized nanostructure-based sensors, this book provides a detailed overview of some of the advanced sensing methodologies based on photonic crystal cavity-based sensing devices. The authors have compiled the book keeping in mind the extraordinary success history of nanomaterials, their current strategical exploitation, and an unprecedented pool of possibilities they hold for the future. The book looks at the various sensors, such as for biosensing, electrochemical sensing, gas sensing, photo-electrochemical sensing, and colorimetric sensing, all of which have shown potential.

This book presents a comprehensive study on a new class of branched polymers, known as hyperbranched polymers (HBPs). It discusses in detail the synthesis strategies for these particular classes of polymers as well as biocompatible and biodegradable HBPs, which are of increasing interest to polymer technologists due to their immense potential in biomedical applications. The book also describes the one-pot synthesis technique for HBPs, which is feasible for large-scale production, as well as HBPs' structure-property relationship, which makes them superior to their linear counterparts. The alterable functional groups present at the terminal ends of the branches make HBPs promising candidates in the biomedical domain, and the book specifically elaborates on the suitable characteristic properties of each of the potential biological HBPs' applications. As such, the book offers a valuable reference guide for all scientists and technologists who are interested in using these newly developed techniques to achieve faster and better treatments.

Discover the ever-growing field of smart grid sensors, covering traditional and state-of-the-art sensor technologies, as well as data-driven and intelligent methods for using sensor measurements in support of innovative smart grid applications. Covers recent and emerging topics, such as smart meters, synchronized phasor measurements, and synchronized waveform measurements. Additional advanced topics and future trends are also discussed, such as situational awareness, probing, and working with off-domain measurements. Including real-world examples, exercise questions, and sample data sets, this is an essential text for students, researchers, and scientists, as well as field engineers and practitioners in the areas of smart grid and power systems.

"Fundamentals of Nanoscaled Field Effect Transistors" gives comprehensive coverage of thefundamental physical principles and theory behind nanoscale transistors.The specific issues that arise for nanoscale MOSFETs, such as quantum mechanical tunneling and inversion layer quantization, are fully explored. The solutions to these issues, such as high- technology, strained-Si technology, alternate devices structures and graphene technology are also given. Some case studies regarding the above issues and solution are also given in the book.