This book presents peer-reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Trends in Modern Physics (TiMP 2021) held at Assam Don Bosco University in Guwahati, India, between February 26 and 27, 2021. This conference was the 3rd in a series of annual conferences of the Department of Physics, ADBU, with the 1st and 2nd being national conferences. The conference was jointly organized by the Department of Physics, ADBU, and the Indian Association of Physics Teachers (IAPT) to promote greater synergy between thematic areas of astrophysics and cosmology, plasma physics, material and nanophysics, nuclear physics, and particle physics

This book presents selected peer-reviewed contributions from the 2020 International Conference on "Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications", PHENMA 2020 (26-29 March 2021, Kitakyushu, Japan), focusing on processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystal structures, materials, and composites with unique properties. It presents nanotechnological design approaches, environmental-friendly processing techniques, and physicochemical as well as mechanical studies of advanced materials. The selected contributions describe recent progress in computational materials science methods and algorithms (in particular, finite-element and finite-difference modelling) applied to various technological, mechanical, and physical problems. The presented results are important for ongoing efforts concerning the theory, modelling, and testing of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to promising devices with higher accuracy, increased longevity, and greater potential to work effectively under critical temperatures, high pressure, and in aggressive environments.

This book highlights current advanced developments in bioepoxy and bioepoxy/clay nanocomposites and an optimisation of material formulation and processing parameters on fabrication of bioepoxy/clay nanocomposites in order to achieve the highest mechanical properties in relation to their morphological structures, thermal properties, as well as biodegradability and water absorption, which is based on the use of Taguchi design of experiments with the consideration of technical and economical point of view. It also elaborates holistic theoretical modelling of tensile properties of such bionanocomposites with respect to the effect of contents of nanoclay fillers and epoxydised soybean oil (ESO).

Nanofluid Boiling presents valuable insights into boiling heat transfer mechanisms, offering state-of-the-art techniques for overcoming obstacles against nanofluid applications. In addition, the book points out emerging industrial applications and guides researchers and engineers in their research and design efforts. In addition, recommendations on future research directions and the design of systems involving nanofluids are presented at the end of each chapter. The book's authors comprehensively cover mechanisms, parametric effects and enhancement techniques in the boiling of nanofluids, providing updated, detailed information about recent developments and findings.

Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, Sixth Edition, provides a detailed examination of the mechanical behavior of metals, ceramics, polymers, and their composites. Offering an integrated macroscopic/microscopic approach to the subject, this comprehensive textbook features in-depth explanations, plentiful figures and illustrations, and a full array of student and instructor resources. Divided into two sections, the text first introduces the principles of elastic and plastic deformation, including the plastic deformation response of solids and concepts of stress, strain, and stiffness. The following section demonstrates the application of fracture mechanics and materials science principles in solids, including determining material stiffness, strength, toughness, and time-dependent mechanical response. Now offered as an interactive eBook, this fully-revised edition features a wealth of digital assets. More than three hours of high-quality video footage helps students understand the practical applications of key topics, supported by hundreds of PowerPoint slides highlighting important information while strengthening student comprehension. Numerous real-world examples and case studies of actual service failures illustrate the importance of applying fracture mechanics principles in failure analysis. Ideal for college-level courses in metallurgy and materials, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering, this popular is equally valuable for engineers looking to increase their knowledge of the mechanical properties of solids.

Graphene-electrolyte systems are commonly found in cutting-edge research on electrochemistry, biotechnology, nanoelectronics, energy storage, materials engineering, and chemical engineering. The electrons in graphene intimately interact with ions from an electrolyte at the graphene-electrolyte interface, where the electrical or chemical properties of both graphene and electrolyte could be affected. The electronic behavior therefore determines the performance of applications in both Faradaic and non-Faradaic processes, which require intensive studies. This book systematically integrates the electronic theory and experimental techniques for both graphene and electrolytes. The theoretical sections detail the classical and quantum description of electron transport in graphene and the modern models for charges in electrolytes. The experimental sections compile common techniques for graphene growth/characterization and electrochemistry. Based on this knowledge, the final chapter reviews a few applications of graphene-electrolyte systems in biosensing, neural recording, and enhanced electronic devices, in order to inspire future developments. This multidisciplinary book is ideal for a wide audience, including physicists, chemists, biologists, electrical engineers, materials engineers, and chemical engineers.

Nanoscience and technology is a rapidly developing area of research in physics, chemistry and materials. This volume comprises of papers presented at the Advanced Study Institute in Hong Kong and is a timely pubication of developments in novel structures in phenomena of nanostructured materials. The topics include:

* two dimensional nanoclusters on metal surfaces
* quantum dynamics of coupled quantum-dot qubits and dephasing effects induced by measurements
* coating of metal oxides onto surface of mesoporous silicas
* synthesis of boron nitride nanotube array

The volume is a useful source of reference for postgraduates, professionals and researchers in nanoscience and technology.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203390288

This book features selected works presented in the 28th National Conference on Condensed Matter Physics, "Condensed Matter Days (CMDAYS) 2020", which was held from December 11th to 13th December 2020. The conference brought together seasoned experts and upcoming researchers from all over India to share their research and ideas in the field of condensed matter physics. This book is a glimpse into the works and ideas that were discussed and presented at the conference. It includes works on diverse fields from nanomaterials to fuel cells, photocatalysis to ferromagnetism, application studies to fundamental studies.

This volume discusses the great potential of metal nanoparticle catalysts for complicated molecular synthesis and reviews the current progress of this field. The development of highly active and stable heterogeneous catalysts is a crucial subject in modern science. However, development of heterogeneous catalysts for fine chemical synthesis has lagged far behind those for bulk chemical process. In recent years metal nanoparticle catalysts have been of great interest in this area due to their unique activity, ease of heterogenization, and robustness. Therefore, metal nanoparticle catalysts are an excellent candidate for the above-mentioned active and robust heterogeneous catalysts and this book provides an overview of this area. The present volume summarizes recent progress on nanoparticle catalysis for various organic transformations from simple redox reactions to complex asymmetric C-C bond forming reactions and also presents seminal studies on new technologies. It comprehensively summarizes advances in metal nanoparticle catalysis across several aspects including reaction manners, mechanistic investigations and new synthetic methodologies to encourage the use of metal nanoparticle catalysts for future organic synthesis. This volume will be of interest to students, researchers and professionals focused on the next-generation of fine chemical synthesis.

This thesis addresses the problem of improving the alignment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in transistor applications, taking a unique approach using iptycenes acting as molecular tweezers in combination with a liquid crystal solvent. As part of a project to test the effectiveness of a multi-step method, the so-called Alignment Relay Technique (ART), this work contributed evidence for the selectivity and stability of ART, as well as providing the first proof-of-concept that ART can be used to create CNT field-effect transistors (FETs). The thesis effectively explains and illustrates the chemical synthesis of the tweezers, the concept and actualization of the technique, the various factors observed to influence deposition and selectivity, along with material fabrication using both photolithography and electron beam lithography. This research advances knowledge of transistors and expands the applications of small organic molecules in the field of materials science. Particular highlights of this thesis include: an extensive review of ART, its advantages, and limitations; development of new material chemistry methods for the optimization of semiconducting CNT selectivity; and a comprehensive exploration of fabrication and characterization of CNTFETs for future applications.

This book introduces the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces and some unique droplet behaviors during condensation and melting phase change on superhydrophobic surfaces, and discusses the relationship between droplet behavior and surface wettability. The contents in this book, which are all research hotspots currently, shall not only bring new insights into the physics of condensation and icing/frosting phenomena, but also provide theoretical support to solve the heat transfer deterioration, the ice/frost accretion and other related engineering problems. This book is for the majority of graduate students and researchers in related scientific areas.

This book explains the aspiring vision of a sustainable hydrogen generating system which employs nanotechnology one way or the other and presents a detailed update on research activities, achievements and challenges. It explores how nanotechnology is reshaping science in general and how this can be applied to the generation and storage of hydrogen energy. This book begins by highlighting the importance of hydrogen a source of sustainable energy and its impact on the technical advances of fuel cells, internal combustion engines, batteries and power plants. The book depicts the role of nanotechnology in the development of sustainable hydrogen. Comprehensive studies on various nanotechnologies involved in hydrogen generation are discussed in separate chapters, representing a complete picture of hydrogen generation utilizing nanotechnology. This book serves as a useful research tool for academics and practitioners looking towards new ways to develop and consume energy, without conceding our environment. Providing the advantages and disadvantages of each technology discussed, this book shows the benefits of utilizing nanotechnology in this field.

This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Trends in Materials and Devices (ICRTMD 2019) held in India. It brings together academicians, scientists and industrialists from various fields for the establishment of enduring connections to solve the common global challenges across a number of disciplines. The conference provides a platform to tackle complex problems from a range of perspectives, thereby modeling integrated, solution-focused thinking and partnerships.

This book highlights the growing applications of THz technology and various modules used for their successful realization. The enormous advantages of THz devices like higher resolution, spatial directivity, high-speed communication, greater bandwidth, non-ionizing signal nature and compactness make them useful in various applications like communication, sensing, security, safety, spectroscopy, manufacturing, bio-medical, agriculture, imaging, etc. Since the THz radiation covers frequencies from 0.1THz to around 10THz and highly attenuated by atmospheric gases, they are used in short-distance applications only. The book focuses on recent advances and different research issues in terahertz technology and presents theoretical, methodological, well-established and validated empirical works dealing with the different topics.

This book highlights some of the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe and beyond. It features contributions presented at the 8th International Science and Practice Conference Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials (NANO2020), which was held on August 26-29, 2020 at Lviv Polytechnic National University, and was jointly organized by the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), and Pierre and Marie Curie University (France). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key findings on material properties, behavior, and synthesis. This book's companion volume also addresses topics such as nano-optics, energy storage, and biomedical applications.

This book delves into the field of immobilizing biologically active and non-active molecules. It discusses the designing strategy of immobilization and the current state-of-the-art applications for advancing biomedical, agricultural, environmental and industrial practices. It focuses on aspects ranging from fundamental principles to current technological advances at multi-scale levels (macro, micro, and nano) which are suitable for cell, enzyme, and nano-catalyst based applications. Written by experts from across the globe, the contents deal with illustrated examples of molecular and cellular interactions with materials/scaffolds and discussions on factors that can affect the functionality and yield of the process. With its discussions on material science, design of delivery vehicles, separation science, additive manufacturing, agriculture and environmental science, this book will be a useful reference for researchers across multiple disciplines.

This book presents state-of-the-art coverage of synthesis of advanced functional materials. Unconventional synthetic routes play an important role in the synthesis of advanced materials as many new materials are metastable and cannot be synthesized by conventional methods. This book presents various synthesis methods such as conventional solid-state method, combustion method, a range of soft chemical methods, template synthesis, molecular precursor method, microwave synthesis, sono-chemical method and high-pressure synthesis. It provides a comprehensive overview of synthesis methods and covers a variety of materials, including ceramics, films, glass, carbon-based, and metallic materials. Many techniques for processing and surface functionalization are also discussed. Several engineering aspects of materials synthesis are also included. The contents of this book are useful for researchers and professionals working in the areas of materials and chemistry.

The book provides an introduction to nanostructured materials and guides the reader through their different engineering applications. It gives an overview of nanostructured materials applied in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. Materials for different applications in engineering such as those used in opto-electronics, energy, tribology, bio-applications, catalysis, reinforcement and many more have been described in this book. The book will be of interest to researchers and students who want to learn about applications of nanostructured materials in engineering.

This new edition of our 2016 book provides insight into designing intelligent materials and structures for special application in engineering. Literature is updated throughout and a new chapter on optics fibers has been added. The book discusses simulation and experimental determination of physical material properties, such as piezoelectric effects, shape memory, electro-rheology, and distributed control for vibrations minimization.

This book focuses on the latest fluorescent materials for cell imaging. Cell imaging is a widely used basic technique that helps scientists gain a better understanding of biological functions through studies of cellular structure and dynamics. In the past decades, the development of a variety of new fluorescent materials has significantly extended the applications of cellular imaging techniques. This book presents recently developed fluorescent materials, including semiconductor quantum dots, carbon dots, silicon nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, upconversion nanoparticles, conjugated polymers/polymer dots, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes, and coordination compounds, used for various cellular imaging purposes. It will appeal to cell biologists and other researchers in academia, industry and clinical settings who are interested in the technical development and advanced applications of fluorescence imaging in cells, tissues and organisms to explore the mechanisms of biological functions and diseases.

This book describes the main approaches for production and synthesis of nanostructured metals and alloys, taking into account the fatigue behavior of materials in additive manufactured components. Depending on the material type, form, and application, a deep discussion of fatigue properties and crack behavior is also provided. Pure nanostructured metals, complex alloys and composites are further considered. Prof. Cavaliere's examination is supported by the most up-to-date understanding from the scientific literature along with a thorough presentation of theory. Bringing together the widest range of perspective on its topic, the book is ideal for materials researchers, professional engineers in industry, and students interested in nanostructured materials, fracture/fatigue mechanics, and additive manufacturing. Describes in detail the relevance of nanostructures in additive manufacturing technologies; Includes sufficient breadth and depth on theoretical modelling of fatigue and crack behavior for use in the classroom; Identifies many open questions regarding different theories through experimental finding; Contextualizes the latest scientific results for readers in industry.

This book is an effort to tether all the exuberant observations on adding nanomaterial in the TPE matrix. With an enhanced processing property along with amplified recyclability and reprocessing feature, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) proves to be one of the most significant polymeric materials till date. As the scientific world evolves, these advanced materials have attuned themselves with various anisotropic nanomaterials to induce an enhanced property effect on the final product. On an additional note, authors have done extensive research on graphene, the most multifaceted element in the filler family keeping TPE and its derivate as the matrix martial. Cogitating the idea of a multidimensional readership, authors have analyzed the synthesis, derivatization, and properties of graphene and its derivatives separately. Apart from reviewing the future prospects and the potential application of these nano-filled advanced materials, they have kept the structure-property relationship of graphene-based composites at the cynosure to provide firm understanding on the blossoming of these elastomeric composites. The authors believe this book is a potential content for both professionals and academicians.

In this book, the authors use molecular dynamics simulations to conduct a comprehensive study of the compression/superheating limit and phase transition of 2D (monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer) water/ice constrained in graphene nanocapillaries. When subjected to nanoscale confinement and under ultrahigh pressure, water and ice behave quite differently than their bulk counterparts, partly because the van der Waals pressure can spark a water-to-ice transformation, known as the metastability limit of two-dimensional (2D) liquids. From a mechanical standpoint, this liquid-to-solid transformation characterizes the compression limit (or metastability limit) of 2D water. The findings presented here could help us to better understand the phase behavior of 2D confined water/ice.

This book commemorates the "Nobel Laureate Professor Suzuki Special Symposium" at the International Union of Material Research Society-International Conference on Advanced Materials (IUMRS-ICAM2017), which was held at Kyoto University, Japan, in 2017. The book begins with a foreword by Professor Akira Suzuki. Subsequently, many authors who attended the special symposium describe the latest scientific advances in the field of carbon materials and carbon nanomaterials including polymers, carbon nanocomposites, and graphene. Carbon-based materials have recently been the focus of considerable attention, given their wide range of potential applications. Fittingly, the chapters in this book cover both experimental and theoretical approaches in several categories of carbon-related materials.

This book brings together investigations which combine theoretical and experimental results related to such systems as flexure hinges and compliant mechanisms for precision applications, the non-linear analytical modeling of compliant mechanisms, mechanical systems using compliance as a bipedal robot and reconfigurable tensegrity systems and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as energy efficient micro-robots, microscale force compensation, magnetoelectric micro-sensors, acoustical actuators and the wafer bonding as a key technology for the MEMS fabrication. The volume gathers twelve contributions presented at the 5th Conference on Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms (MAMM), held in Ilmenau, Germany in November 2020. The aim of the conference was to provide a special opportunity for a know-how exchange and collaboration in various disciplines concerning systems pertaining to micro-technology. The conference was organized under the patronage of IFToMM (International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science).