Health has been conceptualized by world and national health organizations (WHO, CDC, Healthy People 2010) as more than the absence of disease. It involves a focus on physical, psychosocial, and functional aspects of life as well as the prevention of future illnesses. At this point in the development of quality health care for cancer survivors, there is sufficient knowledge and expert opinion to push efforts forward to improve the health of cancer survivors. Clearly there is more research in the most prevalent forms of cancers (e.g., breast cancer) than others that provide us with guidance on how to optimize their health, but there are data on other forms of cancers that can also better inform practice. There may also be general care practices that can cut across cancer types. There has been an emergence of epidemiological and clinical research in cancer survivors that can form the basis for a revolution in the quality and nature of health care that survivors receive. This book not only provides the reader with diverse perspectives and data but also integrates this information so it can serve as the foundation necessary to improve and maintain the health of cancer survivors. Reporting of symptoms to health care providers is a complex, multi-determined problem influenced not only by the pathophysiology but also, as we have learned over the years through pain research, by societal, cultural, and biobehavioral factors. This book will consider this important aspect of follow-up for millions of cancer survivors because of the strong reliance on symptom reporting for clinical decision making. In order for us to generate meaningful and effective treatment, we need to better understand the symptom experience in cancer survivors. This book provides much information that will assist us to better understand and manage this complicated end point. The presenting problems need to be articulated and "conceptualized" as clearly as possible by both parties so appropriate actions can be taken. Since health care costs are a major concern for patients, payers, and providers, this area will also be addressed in all the relevant sections. In taking an interdisciplinary perspective, this book illustrates the importance of a team approach to the improvement of health care and associated health, well-being, and functioning in cancer survivors. The 17 chapters cover critical topics of which physicians and providers of all types must be aware in order to provide the most comprehensive and responsive care for cancer survivors. All of the clinical care chapters include case studies to illustrate the real-world application of these approaches in cancer survivors. Information about sources of referral both within and outside the traditional health care communities will be provided in tabular form. There is no other text that provides both an overview of the problems and their challenges, case illustrations of direct application, and the reality of reimbursement for such care. The editors hope that there may be no need for the clinician or the survivor to adapt to a "new normal" if the presenting problems are understood and handled from an interdisciplinary perspective as outlined here.

Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of a particular malignancy? The few general oncology text books are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journal are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good in-depth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Unfortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes that aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass ofoncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, and easily available on a single library shelfor by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion: first, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdivisions such as lung cancer, genitourinary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc.;and second, by asking eminent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more."

Proceedings of the 5th Biannual International Meeting on Angiogenesis: From the Molecular to Integrative Pharmacology, held July 1-7, 1999, in Crete, Greece. Angiogenesis, as a vastly complex biological process, has challenged researchers from all basic scientific disciplines, including pharmacology, biochemistry, physiology, embryology and anatomy. The significance of this phenomenon for the study of disease states has also interested clinicians from a number of specialist fields. This multidisciplinary work reflects the growth of awareness of concepts such as angiogenesis based therapy, the enormous therapeutic and commercial potential of which has attracted major research and investment in recent years. This volume, which aims to bridge the gap between basic and clinical methodology and understanding, presents the most up-to-date developments in this field.

The Etiology and Prevention of Aerodigestive Tract Cancers.- Epidemiology of Vitamin A and Aerodigestive Cancer.- Multiple Primary Squamous Carcinomas of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract.- Genetic and Environmental Interactions as Risks for Aerodigestive Cancers.- Alcohol: A Cocarcinogen in Head and Neck Malignancies.- Smokeless Tobacco and Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: Recent Research Directions.- Biologic Markers as Predictors of Risk in Aerodigestive Tract Cancers.- Hamster Lung Cancer Model of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention.- The Hamster Cheek Pouch Model of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention.- Culture Conditions Affect Expression of the ?6?4 Integrin Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Head and Neck Cancer.- Growth Factors and Other Targets for Rational Application as Intervention Agents.- Hyperplasia and Squamous Metaplasia in the Tracheobronchial Epithelium: Alterations in the Balance of Growth and Differentiation Factors.- Micronuclei as Intermediate End Points in Intervention.- Study Design for the Prevention of Aerodigestive Tract Cancers.- Participant Enrollment, Participation, and Compliance in Chemoprevention Trials.- A Population-based Trial of ?-Carotene Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer.- Chemoprevention of Barrett's Esophagus and Oral Leukoplakia.- Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial: Lung Cancer Chemoprevention Trial in Heavy Cigarette Smokers and Asbestos-exposed Workers.- An Intervention Trial in High-Risk Asbestos-exposed Persons.- Chemoprevention-of Aerodigestive Epithelial Cancers.- Contributors.

This book presents a novel molecular description for understanding the regulatory mechanisms behind the autonomy and self-organization in biological systems. Chapters focus on defining and explaining the regulatory molecular mechanisms behind different aspects of autonomy and self-organization in the sense of autonomous coding, data processing, structure (mass) formation and energy production in a biological system. Subsequent chapters discuss the cross-talk among mechanisms of energy, and mass and information, transformation in biological systems. Other chapters focus on applications regarding therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine. Molecular Mechanisms of Autonomy in Biological Systems is an indispensable resource for scientists and researchers in regenerative medicine, stem cell biology, molecular biology, tissue engineering, developmental biology, biochemistry, biophysics, bioinformatics, as well as big data sciences, complexity and soft computing.

This book is a logical companion volume to Women at High Risk to Breast Cancer (Kluwer, 1989) edited by me previously. It distinguishes two aspects of current ap proaches to clinical breast cancer prevention. The first is the need to advise individ ual women on how they might reduce their personal risk, while the second is the design of measures aimed at reducing the total incidence of breast cancer in the community. While the former is a problem faced daily by clinicians, the latter is a goal which will involve large scale, carefully planned interventional studies. Because knowledge of the risk factors for breast cancer is incomplete and clinical trial reports are scarce, there is as yet, no scientifically-based model for personal breast cancer prevention. Nevertheless, widespread publicity associated with breast screening programmes has created a large group of highly anxious women who have been informed that they are at higher than average risk to the disease. They are con cerned by the personal threat posed by a family history of the disease and by the al leged dangers of obesity, diet, alcohol, or the use of hormonal agents such as oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy."

Targeted Nanomedicine for Breast Cancer Therapy provides a compilation of treatment approaches for breast cancer, including conventional receptor targeting methods and novel strategies like stimuli responsive methods and tumor micro-environment responsive strategies. This book compiles the most important information on the state-of-the-art therapeutics, including breast cancer biomarkers and design principles of bio-responsive nanosystems. Presented in two parts, sections cover basic and receptor mediated targeting approaches and examine tumor microenvironment mediated approaches. This is a useful book for pharmaceutical scientists and basic and clinical scientists working in the research area of breast cancer and drug discovery both from academics and industry. Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, however, breast cancer therapy is always challenging. This book aims to help researchers remain updated on the most targeted nanomedicine research available.

This book describes the latest methods of oncological and hematological diagnostics such as immunological, molecular genetic and histological essays. All methods are described in principle in their different variations and compared in their effectiveness and cost. At the end of each chapter a detailed description of the "how-to-do" is given. The book is written for scientists, clinicians and personnel from research laboratories, specialised laboratories and routine diagnostic laboratories in hospitals. It satisfies the increased demand for information on new methods in hematology and oncology.

Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality associated with cancer, and tumor genomic heterogeneity is a likely source for the cells that support cancer progression, resistance to therapy, and disease relapse. This book connects cancer metastasis with genomic instability in a comprehensive manner. Section 1 outlines the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these cellular and tissue phenotypes. Section 2 discusses in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used for the experimental study of these processes. Section 3 reviews emerging themes (ex., microenvironment, mechanotransduction, and immunomodulation), and Section 4 highlights new therapeutic approaches to overcome the unique challenges presented by the heterogeneous and metastatic tumor. This book is intended for undergraduates and postgraduates with an interest in the areas of medicine, oncology, and cancer biology as well as for the content expert searching for thorough reviews of current knowledge in these areas.

The combination of molecular biology, engineering and bioinformatics has revolutionized our understanding of cancer revealing a tight correlation of the molecular characteristics of the primary tumor in terms of gene expression, structural alterations of the genome, epigenetics and mutations with its propensity to metastasize and to respond to therapy. It is not just one or a few genes, it is the complex alteration of the genome that determines cancer development and progression. Future management of cancer patients will therefore rely on thorough molecular analyses of each single case. Through this book, students, researchers and oncologists will obtain a comprehensive picture of what the first ten years of cancer genomics have revealed. Experts in the field describe, cancer by cancer, the progress made and its implications for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. The deep impact on the clinics and the challenge for future translational research become evident.

Since their discovery over 60 years ago, eicosanoids have come to represent a diverse family of bioactive lipid modulators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, isoprostanes, hepoxilins, hydroxy acids, epoxy and hydroxy fatty acids. This book contains conference presentations regarding the regulation of eicosanoid enzymes and, in particular, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and phospholipases. In addition, the latest evidence over the last seven years has led to the identification of a number of receptors for these bioactive lipids. The new field of isoprostanes is also represented. It has become increasingly evident that eicosanoids play a critical role in signal transduction, both in normal cells and in pathological processes. These aspects are discussed in relation to cellular events, such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cancer prevention and treatment.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients by combining the antigen-targeting specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the cytotoxic potency of chemotherapeutic drugs. In Antibody-Drug Conjugates, expert researchers provide detailed protocols for many of the key ADC techniques necessary for working in the field. These chapters and methodologies are aimed at the key tasks necessary to identify a suitable target, properly design the mAb, the linker and the payload, as well as to conjugate them in a reproducible and scalable fashion. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) format, these detailed chapters include the kind of practical implementation advice that guarantees quality results. Authoritative and timely, Antibody-Drug Conjugates aims to further drive ADC development and thus help toward improving cancer treatments of the future.

This volume emphasizes metastasis/dissemination as im nective tissues, muscle, tumours of neuronal origins and portant processes in cancer growth and progression. teratomas. Previous volumes in this series have emphasized aspects of The broad array of neoplastic diseases, multiple target cancer progression, tumor invasion and tumor metastasis sites, and patterns of metastasis and dissemination underlie and the importance of these processes to the pathophysiol the importance of achieving crucial insights into particular ogy and morbidity of malignant disease. This volume builds neoplasms. An understanding of metastasis and dissemina on these earlier themes and emphasizes metastasis/disse tion in man remains an essential objective for the design of mination in man. Following a review of general patterns of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the therapy of metastatic spread in man, metastasis to, or progression of established metastatic disease and spread accompanying neoplasms in several organ systems are highlighted, includ site-specific tumor progression. ing: the central nervous system, esophageal cancer, the lung, the large intestine, the liver, bone, epithelial neoplasms, Series Editor Volume Editor endocrine cells, pigmented tissues, supporting tissues, con- Hans E. Kaiser Elizier L. Gorelik VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Inspiration and encouragement for this wide ranging project on cancer distribution and dissemination from a comparative biological and clinical point of view, was given by my late friend E. H. Krokowski.

The last decade has seen a renaissance of the concept of individualized chemotherapy in oncology, markedly stimulated by the development of new in vitro chemosensitivity assays. The clinical utility of drug response assays has been evaluated in clinical trials and the results suggest that assay-assisted therapy selection may improve survival as well as economic outcomes. This volume comprises the proceedings of the first Symposium of the International Society for Chemosensitivity Testing in Oncology, ISCO-1, held in Homburg/Saar, Germany, in September 2001. The topics include: new in vitro drug-testing methods, tumor chemosensitivity assays, and the clinical relevance of assay-directed therapy.

The "cancer stem cell" hypothesis postulates that cancer arises from a subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). While the idea of cancer stem cells has been around for more than a hundred years, evidence from the fields of hematology and cancer biology has now demonstrated the critical role of stem cells in hematological malignancies and suggested that these same mechanisms are also central to the initiation, progression, and treatment of solid cancers. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that CSCs exhibit many classical properties of normal stem cells, including a high self-renewal capacity and the ability to generate heterogeneous lineages; the requirement for a specific "niche"/microenvironment to grow; and an increased capacity for self-protection against harsh environments, toxins, and drugs. Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors represents a detailed overview of cancer stem cells and their role in solid cancers. Comprised of 24 chapters, this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of this important and evolving field. Topics covered include: Introduction of the CSC hypothesis Historical perspectives and the contributing lessons from leukemia Current knowledge regarding the identification and role of CSCs in various forms of solid cancer including breast, brain, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, melanoma, lung, ovarian, hepatocellular, and head and neck cancer Molecular pathways involved in driving CSC function, with a particular focus on the novel convergence of embryonic and tumorigenic signaling pathways In vitro and in vivo assays, model systems, and imaging modalities for studying CSCs The clinical importance of CSCs for cancer management and treatment, including important implications for prognosis, prediction, and treatment resistance Consideration of the controversy surrounding the CSC hypothesis and important unanswered questions in this field This collective work was written by a group of prominent international experts in cancer biology, oncology, and/or stem cell biology. It will serve as a valuable resource for established researchers, professors, health care professionals, and students in the medical and scientific community who are investigating stem cells and/or oncology.

Written for residents and practitioners of otolaryngology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, and maxiollofacial surgery, this book provides the reader with a comprehensive, concise discussion of the best evidence available on which to base clinical decisions needed when managing patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Because of its accessible and practical format, this book is considerably different than other related titles on the market. Formatted with questions at the beginning of each chapter that are then answered with evidence and best practices available for each case, each chapter addresses situations the clinician is likely to face in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of a patient with cancer of the head and neck. Most clinical decisions in the management of cancers of the head and neck region are based on the results of a few controlled, randomized clinical trial trials (Evidence Level I). However, most decision-making is based on the results of case-control studies (Evidence Level II), descriptive studies, reports of expert committees, or opinions of respected authorities (Evidence Level III). This information is scattered throughout the literature and often comingled with information about other topics. Therefore, there is a need for a publication in which the evidence pertinent to making decisions regarding a particular clinical problem is distilled from the literature and presented in a single concise, clinical, situation-driven source. Cancer of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx and Larynx: Evidence-Based Decision Making is just such a resource.

The purpose of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Pediatric Oncology for the Cancer Treatment and Research Series is to provide an up-to-date summary of how recent advances in cancer research are being applied to the care of children with solid tumors. The interface of cancer research with clinical practice in pediatric oncology has never been more intimate than today. While researchers are identifying oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and are studying their specific functions, clinicians are using knowledge of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes for diagnosing cancer in children, for therapeutic decision-making purposes, and for prognostic purposes. The first three chapters in this book describe models for understanding the causes of childhood cancer that were perhaps initially identified by clinicians and that are now being studied and understood by researchers. These chapters will describe research evidence that supports roles for the involvement of normal developmental regulatory genes in childhood oncogenesis, of abnormal immune regulation in childhood oncogenesis, and of heredity in childhood oncogenesis. The next eight chapters are devoted to descriptions of the appli cation of new research developments to clinical practice with reference to the most common forms of solid tumors of childhood outside the central nervous system. The final chapter will describe late effects of childhood cancer and its therapy and the impact research is having on understanding and perhaps preventing these late effects.

Philip Rosenthal, MD, and a panel of leading malaria experts drawn from academia, the military, and international health organizations survey the latest scientific understanding of antimalarial chemotherapy, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms of resistance and the description of important new targets. Their survey covers the current status of malarial and antimalarial chemotherapy, the relevant biology and biochemistry of malaria parasites, the antimalarial drugs currently available, new chemical approaches to chemotherapy, and possible new targets for chemotherapy. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Antimalarial Chemotherapy: Mechanisms of Action, Resistance, and New Directions in Drug Discovery clearly delineates all the basic and clinical research now addressing one of the world's major unresolved disease problems, work that is now powerfully driving the rapid pace of antimalarial drug discovery today.

Leading researchers and clinicians join forces to explain how malignant melanoma develops from its benign precursor cell type. The authors focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in melanogenesis, in the malignant transformation of melanocytes, and in the further progression of primary melanomas into invasive and metastatic melanomas. They also review recent advances in our understanding of the basic biology of melanocytes and the development, migration, and differentiation of melanoblasts into melanocytes. The book provides an up-to-date understanding of the progressive mechanisms of oncological development in malignant melanoma, a likely model of malignant progress for other types of cancer, and the ongoing development of novel therapeutics.

Biological Basis of Geriatric Oncology highlights research issues that are specific to geriatric oncology in the field of carcinogenesis and cancer prevention and treatment, based on the biologic interactions of cancer and age. It illustrates the benefit of the principles of geriatrics in the management of cancer in the older individual.

This volume provides a frame of reference for practicioners of any specialties involved in the management of older patients and for oncologists involved in the management of cancer of older individuals. It is a source for basic and clinical scientists exploring the interactions and emerging information of cancer and aging.

In Leukemia and Lymphoma: Detection of Minimal Residual Disease, hands-on experts describe and discuss the minimal residual disease (MRD) methods they have successfully pioneered for leukemias and lymphomas. They apply reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Other PCR methods are used for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and for the monitoring of follicular lymphoma. Additional chapters address the use of real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), the emergent method of choice, in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the evaluation of MRD techniques in clinical trials, and the application of flow cytometry techniques.

This volume reviews our current knowledge concerning can Several chapters discuss the contributions of genetic asp cer growth and progression as it relates to the etiology of ects, metabolism, endocrine-related aspects and nutrition to human cancer. As emphasized in Volumes I-V of this series, cancer progression. Moreover, our current knowledge con neoplastic diseases are multistep maladies. There are many cerning urbanization factors, radiation, therapy-induced causes for the appearance of neoplastic diseases. Earlier neoplasms, environmentally induced neoplasms (e. g., chapters in the series have reviewed molecular and cellular mesotheliomas induced by asbestos) and malignant neo aspects of tumor initiation, promotion and progression to plasms in organ transplant recipients are summarized. the invasive and metastatic phenotype. Contributions to the The impact of AIDS on neoplasm development is re initiation and progression of neoplastic diseases are made by viewed from an epidemiologic perspective that explores mul natural features of the environment and by its contaminants tiple facets of immunity, infectious disease, sexual behavior and by nutritional factors. Neoplastic diseases show a dis and blood transfusion. Other chapters investigate the in tinct relationship to a variety of environmental stimuli and fluence of the host immune response in oncogenesis and the to diseases of a non-neoplastic nature. For example, familial relationship between atherosclerotic plaques and tumors."

At the moment, there is no dedicated book to summarize the roles, the significance, and potential therapeutic targeting of transcriptional factors from the perspective of signaling cascade, and thus, directly impacting the functionality of transcriptional factors in cancer. In addition, this book will offer a comprehensive basic and clinical science behind the functions of representative core transcriptional factors. These chapters will serve as a treasure for all those who have an interest in the basis, progression, and targeting of human cancer. Each chapter will be intended to provide comprehensive, up-to-date information by the leaders about the physiologic and pathologic roles of TFs in specific representative organ systems of prime importance. The book will consist of chapters that will give biomedical students, under and graduate students, basic sciences and clinical cancer fellows, residents and researchers, and oncology educators will get a thorough summary of the overall subject. The readers will be able to understand the important current information and views on specific TFs and its role in cancer in areas outside their own expertise or experience. A special emphasis will be also placed on the "classic" papers as well as perspectives on future directions for the field.

When this book first appeared in 1981, it was the first to deal comprehensively with major issues in the psychotherapeutic treatment of cancer patients. It remains the standard volume in the field, drawing together a broad spectrum of work using psychological approaches to treatment of cancer patients and to understanding the disease's sociological and psychological implications. Distinguished contributors from medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, psychology, social work, family and group therapy, and nursing examine key issues, including the role of aggression in the onset and treatment of cancer; sexual functioning of patients; cancer as an emotionally regressive experience, cancer in children, and the countertransference responses of a therapist working with a cancer patient. This volume will be of particular value to helping professionals who deal with cancer patients and their families.

This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.