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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Diseases & disorders > Oncology
This open access book, published under a CC BY 4.0 license in the
Pubmed indexed book series Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology,
provides up-to-date information on best practice to improve
experimental design and quality of research in non-clinical
pharmacology and biomedicine.
This open access book summarizes the latest scientific findings
regarding the biological effects of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Plant (FNPP) accident in 2011. Various cases of changes in
animals and organisms have been reported since the FNPP accident.
However, it is often unknown whether they are actually due to
radiation, since the dose or dose-rate are not necessarily
associated with the changes observed. This book brings together the
works of radiation biologists and ecologists to provide reliable
radioecology data and gives insight into future radioprotection.
The book examines the environmental pollution and radiation
exposure, and contains valuable data from abandoned livestock in
the ex-evacuation zone and from wild animals including
invertebrates and vertebrates, aqueous and terrestrial animals, and
plants that are subjected to long-term exposure in the area still
affected by radiation. It also analyzes dose evaluation, and offers
new perspectives gained from the accident, as well as an overview
for future studies to promote radioprotection of humans and the
ecosystem. Since the biological impact of radiation is influenced
by various factors, it is difficult to scientifically define the
effects of low-dose/low-dose-rate radiation. However, the detailed
research data presented can be combined with the latest scientific
and technological advances, such as artificial intelligence, to
provide new insights in the future. This book is a unique and
valuable resource for researchers, professionals and anyone
interested in the impact of exposure to radiation or contamination
with radioactive materials.
This Open Access biography chronicles the life and achievements of
the Norwegian engineer and physicist Rolf Wideroe. Readers who meet
him in the pages of this book will wonder why he isn't better
known. The first of Wideroe's many pioneering contributions in the
field of accelerator physics was the betatron, the second, the
linear accelerator, both summarized in a 27 page PhD. The betatron
revolutionized the fields of cancer treatment through radiation
therapy and also nondestructive testing; hospitals worldwide
installed Wideroe's machine and today's modern radiation treatment
equipment is based on his inventions. The most recent renaissance
of the linac provides unprecedented x-ray intensities at Free
Electron Laser (FEL) facilities in operation and construction
worldwide. . Wideroe's story also includes a fair share of drama,
particularly during World War II when both Germans and the Allies
vied for his collaboration. Wideroe held leading positions in
multinational industry groups and was one of the consultants for
building the world's largest nuclear laboratory, CERN, in
Switzerland. He gained over 200 patents, received several honorary
doctorates and a number of international awards. The author, a
professional writer and maker of TV documentaries, has gained
access to hitherto restricted archives in several countries, which
provided a wealth of new material and insights, in particular in
relation to the war years. She tells here a gripping and
illuminating story.
This book describes, in detail, tested techniques for the
produc-tion and use of monoclonal antibodies. It covers those
aspects of interest to all scientists working with monoclonal
antibodies and presents methods in a step-by-step format for easy
refer-ence. The text serves as a laboratory manual; and discusses
rationale behind each method, and the choices between methods. It
also provides a rational basis where several alternative methods
are available.
This book highlights the wide applications of nanomaterials in
healthcare and environmental remediation. Presenting nano-based
materials that positively influence the growth and proliferation of
cells present in soft and hard tissue and are used for the
regeneration bone tissue and/or suppression of cancer cells, it
also discusses the natural products that can be incorporated in
nanofibers for the treatment of cancer. Further, it describes the
use of blending and functionalization to produce chitosan
nanofibers for biomedical applications, and reviews the role of
plasma-enhanced gold nanoparticles in diagnostics and therapeutics.
Lastly, the book also introduces various nanotechnology approaches
for the removal of waste metabolites in drinking water, and
explores the emerging applications of nanorobotics in medicine.
Given its scope, this book is a valuable resource for scientists,
clinicians, engineers and researchers aiming to gain a better
understanding of the various applications of nanotechnology.
Advances in Cancer Research, Volume 148, the latest release in this
ongoing, well-regarded serial, provides invaluable information on
the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research.
Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer
progression, this volume focuses on the extracellular matrix
components of the tumor microenvironment during cancer development.
Furthermore, it teaches readers about the roles of distinct
constituents of the tumor microenvironment and how they affect
cancer development. Topics include elastin, decorin, syndecan-1,
versican, lipoproteins, brevican, thrombospondin, and much more.
Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment:
Extracellular Matrix Components - Part B updates us on what we know
about the different aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well
as apprises us on the future advances in the field. For the newest
generation of researchers, this volume serves as a useful
introduction to the history of scientists' focus on the tumor
microenvironment, and explores how this knowledge is currently
applied in cancer treatments. The book is an essential text for
advanced cell biology and cancer biology students, as well as for
scientists seeking an update on the developments in tumor
microenvironment research. All of the chapters authors are renowned
international experts in the field of cancer biology, and in the
specific subfields that are the focus of their chapters.
This book sheds new light on "inducible" lymphoid organs (ILOs):
antigen presentation sites that are generated de novo in peripheral
tissues under various pathogenic conditions. Accomplished
immunologists demonstrate that the physiological role of these ILOs
is completely different from that of central lymphoid organs, i.e.,
the lymph nodes or spleen. In addition to the central organs, the
ILOs are considered essential structures for the efficient
elicitation of adaptive immune responses in lesions. The respective
chapters highlight examples from multiple sites, e.g. the skin,
lung, intestinal tract, genital tract, the synovial membrane of the
joints and artificial lymph nodes. Accordingly, readers will learn
that ILO structure and function can vary substantially, depending
on the context. Presenting the results of the latest immunological
research, the book offers a fascinating and insightful read for
both scientists and clinicians in the areas of infectious and
immune-associated diseases.
This book, written by key researchers in the field, provides a
comprehensive analysis and overview of the state of the art of
plasma-based cancer therapy. Recent progress in atmospheric plasmas
has led to non-thermal or cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) devices
with ion temperatures close to room temperature. In contrast to
many existing anti-cancer approaches, CAP is a selective
anti-cancer modality which has demonstrated significant potential
in cancer therapy.Written by a global, cross-disciplinary group of
leading researchers, this book covers basic theory, generation,
diagnostics, and simulation of cold atmospheric plasma, as well as
their clinical application in cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and
future outlook, giving a complete picture of the field. It is meant
for a broad audience, from students to engineers and scientists,
who are interested in the emerging world of plasma medical
applications. It presents recent advances, primary challenges, and
future directions of this exciting, cutting-edge field.
This book highlights information derived primarily from clinical
samples, with particular reference to theoretical and scientific
aspects of the human immune system. This text will focus on topics
that range from host-pathogen interactions in infectious disease to
host immune response in cancer, allergic diseases,
neuroinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. The reader
will also have a well-rounded understanding of the behavior of the
immune system with particular emphasis on the role of
immunoproteomics in immunotherapy, neuroprotective immunity for
neurodegenerative and neuroinfectious disease, leukemia-associated
dendritic cell induction of adaptive immunity dysregulation, and
the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer, infection, as
well as neuroinflammation. Taken together, the contents of this
book are intended for both clinicians and researchers in academia
and industry.
This thoroughly revised second edition is an up-to-date overview of
the new advances in the knowledge of the basic science in sarcoma
and osteosarcoma. It features detailed, in-depth discussions of
microRNAs in osteosarcoma, historical perspectives of chemotherapy
in the treatment of the disease, tumor targeted IL12 therapy and
HER2 targeted therapy, the role of enhancer elements in regulating
the prometastatic transcriptional program and more. Further, this
essential volume also includes new insights on Wnt signaling in
osteosarcoma, the role of genomics, genetically modified T-cell
therapy, liquid biopsy, oncolytic viruses, immunophenotyping,
receptor tyrosine kinases and epigenetic-focused approaches for
treatment of osteosarcoma metastases, as well as thoughts on the
current standard of treatment for patients suffering from these
cancers. In the years since the previous edition, there have been
numerous new developments in this rapidly changing field; this new
edition is both timely and urgently needed. When taken together
these companion volumes, Current Clinical (Book 1) and Scientific
(Book 2) Advances in Osteosarcoma, are a timely and urgently needed
guide for laboratory investigators and clinical oncologists.
This book is an introduction to cancer treatment, the basics of
radio- and chemotherapy, drug actions, the eradication of cancer
cells, and the origins and persistence of pharmacological and
toxicological effects of drugs. It further provides ideas for
research based on knowledge of cancer metastasis, invasive and
molecular pathways, and diagnosis and treatment. Many of the
adaptive features of cancer biology, clinical features, pathology
and treatment are reviewed. In addition to introducing the major
themes and theories, the book also advances the current discussion
by moving beyond explanations for clinical implementation. Key
Selling Features: Reviews basic cancer treatments Summarizes
chemotherapies Discusses radiotherapies Examines pharmacological
and toxicological approaches to treatment Introduces oncological
drug development
Epigenetic Cancer Therapy, Second Edition provides a comprehensive
discussion of healthy and aberrant epigenetic biology, along with
new discoveries to improve our understanding of cancer epigenetics
and therapeutics. The book encompasses large-scale
intergovernmental initiatives, as well as recent findings across
cancer stem cells, rational drug design, clinical trials, and
chemopreventative strategies. As a whole, the work articulates and
raises the profile of epigenetics as a therapeutic option in the
future management of cancer. Since the publication of the first
edition of this book, the field of epigenetics has undergone
significant change. New epigenetic therapies have been designed and
approved for clinical use. Our knowledge of the plasticity of the
epigenome in cancer and disease has expanded dramatically, with
increasing evidence linking pollution to epigenetic changes in
cancer development. This second edition has been fully updated to
address these changes, along with promising therapeutic programs
such as CRISPR/Cas9 mediated approaches, CAR-T based therapies,
epigenetic priming, histone modifications, and similar,
transformative advances across synthetic biology and cellular
engineering.
The book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of
phytochemicals as efficient cancer therapeutics. Over the last few
decades there has been a paradigm shift from conventional cancer
therapeutic approaches to alternative and complementary medicinal
approaches especially using phytoconstituents from natural
products. As such, the book provides an in-depth understanding of
phytochemicals targeting diverse signaling pathways involved in
cancer along with the evaluation of the cancer modulatory effects
of phytochemicals. It also highlights the potential modulatory
effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the
cancer-associated cellular pathways and their interactions with the
phytochemicals. Further, it analyzes the drug delivery methods,
bioavailability of active components of botanicals, and toxicity of
phytochemicals. Lastly, the book elucidates the 3D cell culture and
animal models systems to analyze the beneficial effects of
phytochemicals in cancer.
Artificial Intelligence in Cancer: Diagnostic to Tailored Treatment
provides theoretical concepts and practical techniques of AI and
its applications in cancer management, building a roadmap on how to
use AI in cancer at different stages of healthcare. It discusses
topics such as the impactful role of AI during diagnosis and how it
can support clinicians to make better decisions, AI tools to help
pathologists identify exact types of cancer, how AI supports tumor
profiling and can assist surgeons, and the gains in precision for
oncologists using AI tools. Additionally, it provides information
on AI used for survival and remission/recurrence analysis. The book
is a valuable source for bioinformaticians, cancer researchers,
oncologists, clinicians and members of the biomedical field who
want to understand the promising field of AI applications in cancer
management.
Protein kinases are fascinating enzymes that maintain the proper
function of nearly every task performed by the cells of the human
body. By extracting a phosphate from the energy molecule ATP and
linking it to another protein, protein kinases alter the structure
and ultimate function of other proteins. In this way, protein
kinases help monitor the extracellular environment and integrate
signaling cues that, for the most part, are beneficial for human
health and survival. However, protein kinases are often
dysregulated and responsible for the initiation and progression of
many types of cancers, inflammatory disorders, and other diseases.
Thus, decades of research have revealed much about how protein
kinases are regulated and approaches to inhibit these enzymes to
treat disease. However, nearly 30 years since the identification of
the first clinically beneficial small molecule protein kinase
inhibitor, there are only a few examples where these drugs provide
sustained and durable patient responses. The goal of this book is
to provide biomedical scientists, graduate, and professional degree
students insight into different approaches using small molecules to
block specific protein kinase functions that promote disease.
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