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Books > Science & Mathematics > Physics > Optics (light)
This book presents an overview of both the theory and experimental
methods required to realize high efficiency solar absorber devices.
It begins with a historical description of the study of spectrally
selective solar absorber materials and structures based on optical
principles and methods developed over the past few decades. The
optical properties of metals and dielectric materials are addressed
to provide the background necessary to achieve high performance of
the solar absorber devices as applied in the solar energy field. In
the following sections, different types of materials and
structures, together with the relevant experimental methods, are
discussed for practical construction and fabrication of the solar
absorber devices, aiming to maximally harvest the solar energy
while at the same time effectively suppressing the heat-emission
loss. The optical principles and methods used to evaluate the
performance of solar absorber devices with broad applications in
different physical conditions are presented. The book is suitable
for graduate students in applied physics, and provides a valuable
reference for researchers working actively in the field of solar
energy.
Hyperbolic metamaterials were originally introduced to overcome the
diffraction limit of optical imaging. Soon thereafter it was
realized that hyperbolic metamaterials demonstrate a number of
novel phenomena resulting from the broadband singular behavior of
their density of photonic states. These novel phenomena and
applications include super resolution imaging, new stealth
technologies, enhanced quantum-electrodynamic effects, thermal
hyperconductivity, superconductivity, and interesting gravitation
theory analogs. Here I review typical material systems, which
exhibit hyperbolic behavior and outline important new applications
of hyperbolic metamaterials, such as imaging experiments with
plasmonic hyperbolic metamaterials and novel VCSEL geometries, in
which the Bragg mirrors may be engineered in such a way that they
exhibit hyperbolic properties in the long wavelength infrared
range, so that they may be used to efficiently remove excess heat
from the laser cavity. I will also discuss potential applications
of self-assembled photonic hypercrystals. This system bypasses 3D
nanofabrication issues, which typically limit hyperbolic
metamaterial applications. Photonic hypercrystals combine the most
interesting features of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic
crystals.
This book presents contributions of deep technical content and high
scientific quality in the areas of electromagnetic theory,
scattering, UWB antennas, UWB systems, ground penetrating radar
(GPR), UWB communications, pulsed-power generation, time-domain
computational electromagnetics, UWB compatibility, target detection
and discrimination, propagation through dispersive media, and
wavelet and multi-resolution techniques. Ultra-wideband (UWB),
short-pulse (SP) electromagnetics are now being used for an
increasingly wide variety of applications, including collision
avoidance radar, concealed object detection, and communications.
Notable progress in UWB and SP technologies has been achieved by
investigations of their theoretical bases and improvements in
solid-state manufacturing, computers, and digitizers. UWB radar
systems are also being used for mine clearing, oil pipeline
inspections, archeology, geology, and electronic effects testing.
Like previous books in this series, Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse
Electromagnetics 10 serves as an essential reference for scientists
and engineers working in these applications areas.
This book gives an in-depth analysis of the physical phenomena of
thrust production by laser radiation, as well as laser propulsion
engines, and laser-propelled vehicles. It brings together into a
unified context accumulated up-to-date information on laser
propulsion research, considering propulsion phenomena, laser
propulsion techniques, design of vehicles with laser propulsion
engines, and high-power laser systems to provide movement for space
vehicles. In particular, the reader will find detailed coverage of:
designs of laser propulsion engines, operating as both
air-breathing and ramjet engines to launch vehicles into LEOs;
Assembly of vehicles whereby laser power from a remote laser is
collected and directed into a propulsion engine; and, the
laser-adaptive systems that control a laser beam to propel vehicles
into orbits by delivering laser power through the Earth's
atmosphere. This book is essential reading for researchers and
professionals involved in laser propulsion.
This book is based on a series of lectures for an Astrophysics of
the Interstellar Medium (ISM) master's degree in Astrophysics and
Cosmology at Padova University. From the cold molecular phase in
which stars and planetary systems form, to the very hot coronal gas
that surrounds galaxies and galaxy clusters, the ISM is everywhere.
Studying its properties is vital for the exploration of virtually
any field in astronomy and cosmology. These notes give the student
a coherent and accurate mathematical and physical approach, with
continuous references to the real ISM in galaxies. The book is
divided into three parts. Part One introduces the equations of
fluid dynamics for a system at rest and acoustic waves, and then
explores the real ISM through the role of thermal conduction and
viscosity, concluding with a discussion of shock waves and
turbulence. In Part Two, the electromagnetic field is switched on
and its role in modulating shock waves and contrasting gravity is
studied. Part Three describes dust and its properties, followed by
the main stellar sources of energy. The last two chapters
respectively address the various components of the ISM and
molecular clouds and star formation.
The book aims to the description of recent progress in studies of
light absorption and scattering in turbid media. In particular,
light scattering/oceanic optics/snow optics research community will
greatly benefit from the publication of this book.
This book covers a broad range of topics from the interdisciplinary
research field of ultrafast intense laser science, focusing on
atoms and molecules interacting with intense laser fields,
laser-induced filamentation, high-order harmonics generation, and
high power lasers and their applications. This sixteenth volume
features contributions from world-renowned researchers, introducing
the latest reports on probing molecular chirality with intense
laser fields, and the most recent developments in the Shanghai
Superintense Ultrafast Laser Facility project. The PUILS series
delivers up-to-date reviews of progress in this emerging
interdisciplinary research field, spanning atomic and molecular
physics, molecular science, and optical science, which has been
stimulated by the recent developments in ultrafast laser
technologies. Each volume compiles peer-reviewed articles authored
by researchers at the forefront of each of their own subfields of
ultrafast intense laser science. Every chapter opens with an
overview of the topics to be discussed, so that researchers
unfamiliar to the subfield, especially graduate students, can grasp
the importance and attractions of the research topic at hand; these
are followed by reports of cutting-edge discoveries.
This book systematically describes the weld pool behavior in laser
welding and its influencing factors from the perspectives of
testing technology, theoretical calculation and process simulation
technology, physical state transformation behavior of weld pools,
and the impact of technical conditions on the weld pool behavior.
The book covers extensive research achievements made in China in
this field, some of which represent the latest cutting-edging
researches conducted by the authors' research team. These latest
research efforts mainly relate to the weld pool behavior of
dual-beam laser welding, laser welding with filler wires,
full-penetration laser welding of very-thick parts, and laser
welding in vacuum and low vacuum conditions. The book is intended
for undergraduate, graduate students and researchers who are
interested in laser welding.
This monograph explores classical electrodynamics from a
geometrical perspective with a clear visual presentation
throughout. Featuring over 200 figures, readers will delve into the
definitions, properties, and uses of directed quantities in
classical field theory. With an emphasis on both mathematical and
electrodynamic concepts, the author's illustrative approach will
help readers understand the critical role directed quantities play
in physics and mathematics. Chapters are organized so that they
gradually scale in complexity, and carefully guide readers through
important topics. The first three chapters introduce directed
quantities in three dimensions with and without the metric, as well
as the development of the algebra and analysis of directed
quantities. Chapters four through seven then focus on
electrodynamics without the metric, such as the premetric case,
waves, and fully covariant four-dimensional electrodynamics.
Complementing the book's careful structure, exercises are included
throughout for readers seeking further opportunities to practice
the material. Directed Quantities in Electrodynamics will appeal to
students, lecturers, and researchers of electromagnetism. It is
particularly suitable as a supplement to standard textbooks on
electrodynamics.
From science fiction death rays to supermarket scanners, lasers
have become deeply embedded in our daily lives and our culture. But
in recent decades the standard laser beam has evolved into an array
of more specialized light beams with a variety of strange and
counterintuitive properties. Some of them have the ability to
reconstruct themselves after disruption by an obstacle, while
others can bend in complicated shapes or rotate like a corkscrew.
These unusual optical effects open new and exciting possibilities
for science and technology. For example, they make possible
microscopic tractor beams that pull objects toward the source of
the light, and they allow the trapping and manipulation of
individual molecules to construct specially-tailored nanostructures
for engineering or medical use. It has even been found that beams
of light can produce lines of darkness that can be tied in knots.
This book is an introductory survey of these specialized light
beams and their scientific applications, at a level suitable for
undergraduates with a basic knowledge of optics and quantum
mechanics. It provides a unified treatment of the subject,
collecting together in textbook form for the first time many topics
currently found only in the original research literature.
This book is a thoroughly modern and highly pedagogical
graduate-level introduction to quantum optics, a subject which has
witnessed stunning developments in recent years and has come to
occupy a central role in the 'second quantum revolution'. The
reader is invited to explore the fundamental role that quantum
optics plays in the control and manipulation of quantum systems,
leading to ultracold atoms, circuit QED, quantum information
science, quantum optomechanics, and quantum metrology. The building
blocks of the subject are presented in a sequential fashion,
starting from the simplest physical situations before moving to
increasingly complicated ones. This pedagogically appealing
approach leads to quantum entanglement and measurement theory being
introduced early on and before more specialized topics such as
cavity QED or laser cooling. The final chapter illustrates the
power of scientific cross-fertilization by surveying cutting-edge
applications of quantum optics and optomechanics in gravitational
wave detection, tests of fundamental physics, searches for dark
matter, geophysical monitoring, and ultraprecise clocks. Complete
with worked examples and exercises, this book provides the reader
with enough background knowledge and understanding to follow the
current journal literature and begin producing their own original
research.
This book highlights many fundamental aspects of optical fiber
transmission engineering while also focusing on current state of
the art applications and working examples of digital coherent
optical communications. Major engineering themes are reviewed and
analyzed in this book, including spectral and time-domain
characteristics of multi-level pseudo-random PAM signals, optical
QAM and SSB complex modulations and impulse response engineering of
linear amplifiers used in next-generation Gbaud transmission
systems. This book is balanced between theoretical and numerical
simulation approaches, showing numerous working examples developed
in Matlab. Presents an in-depth analysis of pseudo-random
multi-level signals and high-order complex modulations to support
coherent terabit transmission systems; Provides a unified approach
to challenging engineering issues encountered in the design of
Giga-baud coherent optical transmission systems using high-order
complex modulation formats; Reviews engineering themes and provides
in-depth analysis, modeling and quantitative examples and solutions
of state of the art and future applications.
This book presents a state-of-the-art overview of the major aspects
involved in the science, technology and applications of ceramics,
glasses and glass-ceramics. After providing an historical
perspective of the development and use of ceramics and glasses
along the Silk Road, the theoretical background and fabrication
techniques of such materials are described and discussed. A special
focus is dedicated to emerging high-tech applications in various
fields, including medicine, energy, optics and photonics, sensors,
sustainability and circular economy. The chapters are written by
leading experts in their respective fields and highlight the
contemporary challenges associated to each topic. This book will
serve as a valuable reference for both early-stage and skilled
researchers as well as industry professionals interested in the
broad field of glasses and ceramics.
Externally tunable properties allow for new applications of
magnetic hybrid materials containing magnetic micro- and
nanoparticles in sensors and actuators in technical and medical
applications. By means of easy to generate and control magnetic
fields, changes of the internal particle arrangements and the
macroscopic properties can be achieved. This monograph delivers the
latest insights into multi-scale modelling, experimental
characterization, manufacturing and application of those magnetic
hybrid materials.
This book is intended as a textbook on laser physics for advanced
undergraduates and first-year graduate students in physics and
engineering who need to use lasers in their labs and want to
understand the physical processes involved with the laser
techniques in their fields of study. This book aims to provide a
coherent theoretical framework on the light-matter interaction
involved with lasers in such a way that students can easily
understand the essential topics related to lasers and their
applications and get accustomed to the latest cutting-edge research
developments. Most of all, the content of this book is concise to
be covered in a semester.
This book offers a comprehensive introduction in to the various
theories of colour and how they developed over the centuries and
millennia. As colour is the perception of light by our brains, the
book captures not only the physical phenomena but also
psychological and philosophical aspects of colours. It starts with
ancient studies of Greek philosophers and their insights into light
and mirrors, then reviews the theory of colors in the middle ages
in Europe and Middle East. The last big part of the book explains
the theories of colours by modern scientists and philosophers,
starting with Isaac Newton and ending colour schemes of modern
digital pictures.
This book gives a complete spectral analysis of the
non-self-adjoint Schroedinger operator with a periodic
complex-valued potential. Building from the investigation of the
spectrum and spectral singularities and construction of the
spectral expansion for the non-self-adjoint Schroedinger operator,
the book features a complete spectral analysis of the
Mathieu-Schroedinger operator and the Schroedinger operator with a
parity-time (PT)-symmetric periodic optical potential. There
currently exists no general spectral theorem for non-self-adjoint
operators; the approaches in this book thus open up new
possibilities for spectral analysis of some of the most important
operators used in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics and optics.
Featuring detailed proofs and a comprehensive treatment of the
subject matter, the book is ideally suited for graduate students at
the intersection of physics and mathematics.
This book looks at advanced nanocomposites, introducing
long-awaited concepts towards bridging the gap between
nanostructured optical materials and next-generation imaging
systems. It investigates nanocomposites as bulk optical materials
and highlights the immense potential they hold for real-world
optical elements and systems, such as smartphone cameras. It covers
the full spectrum of nanocomposite optical materials from their
fundamental properties to analytical modeling and detailed
application examples. This book also provides an in-depth
discussion of the role these new materials play in the development
of broadband flat optics - diffractive optical elements used for
enhancing high-end broadband imaging systems. Written by an
industry expert, this book seamlessly connects fundamental research
and real-world applications. It is the ideal guide both for optical
engineers working towards integrating new technologies, and
researchers involved with fundamental research on optical
materials.
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