The Phonology of English offers a new approach to English phonology. It focuses on the prosody of the language, i.e. syllable and foot structure, and does so from an optimality-theoretic (OT) perspective. The focus is on surface distributional regularities and the results presented are based on extensive searches through various computerized lexicons. The outcome is a number of new generalizations about the phonology of English, along with confirmation of some familiar regularities. All of these empirical results are discussed in detail and presented in extensive charts with a plethora of examples. The Phonology of English also offers a unique OT analysis. This provides a detailed introduction to the intricacies of the theory as applied to a significant amount of data. A number of important theoretical proposals are developed in this model, and the analysis presents the idea that certain complex constraints and their ranking can be derived in restricted ways from more basic constraints. In addition, the book also develops the idea that syllables of English can contain from zero to three moras. It is suggested that the phonology of English only makes sense if partial morphemes of the cranberry sort are licensed more widely. The book is thus intended as a detailed presentation of novel empirical results about the sound system of English, along with important theoretical results about phonological theory.

This is the first comprehensive study of the intonation of different languages of the world, written by a team of leading scholars in the field, most of whom are native speakers of the language in question. Surveying twenty languages, the volume introduces a new system for the multilingual transcription of intonation patterns. The chapters are organized following the same general outline to highlight the differences among languages. The emphasis is on description and comparison, rather than on theory, making this an invaluable sourcebook for researchers in the field.

Over the last 20 years, phraseology has become a major field of pure and applied research in Western European and North American linguistics. This text consists of authoritative contributions from leading specialists who examine the increasingly crucial role played by ready-made word-combinations in language acquisition and adult language use. After a wide-ranging introduction by the editor, the book introduces the main theoretical approaches, analyzes the corpus data and phrase typology, and finally considers the application of phraseology to associated disciplines including lexicography, language learning, stylistics, and computational analysis. The series "Oxford Studies in Lexicography and Lexicology" is intended to provide a forum for the publication of substantial scholarly works on all issues of interest to lexicographers, lexicologists, and dictionary users. It is concerned with the theory and history of lexicography, lexicological theory, and related topics such as terminology, and computer applications in lexicography. It focuses attention too on the purposes for which dictionaries are compiled, on their uses, and on their reception and role in society today and in the pa

The Communicative Value of Intonation in English, originally published in 1985 by the English Language Research unit in Birmingham and revised in 1992, sets out David Brazil's description of the system of intonation in English.This model of English intonation takes a discourse-based approach and attempts to assign 'meaning' or a communicative value to the different aspects that make up the system of intonation. Chapters within the book descibe parts of the intonation system which vary according to speaker choice: the tone unit as a whole, prominence, key, pitch and orientation. Three chapters are devoted to tones and their communicative value.This is an important and controversial work, which has influenced scholars in the field and ELT materials writers alike.A cassette containing all the examples of intonation features in the book is available.

Initially described by Dickens as a 'savage stenographic mystery', shorthand was to become an essential and influential part of his toolkit as a writer. In this ground-breaking interdisciplinary study, Hugo Bowles tells the story of Dickens's stenographic journey from his early encounters with the 'despotic' shorthand symbols of Gurney's Brachygraphy in 1828 to his lifelong commitment to shorthand for reporting, letter writing, copying, and note-taking. Drawing on empirical evidence from Dickens's shorthand notebooks, Dickens and the Stenographic Mind forensically explores Dickens's unique ability to write in two graphic codes, offering an original critique of the impact of shorthand on Dickens's mental processing of language. The author uses insights from morphology, phonetics, and the psychology of reading to show how Dickens's biscriptal habits created a unique stenographic mindset that was then translated into novel forms of creative writing. The volume argues that these new scriptal arrangements, which include phonetic speech, stenographic patterns of letters in individual words, phonaesthemes, and literary representations of shorthand-related acts of reading and writing, created reading puzzles that bound Dickens and his readers together in a new form of stenographic literacy. Clearly written and cogently argued, Dickens and the Stenographic Mind not only opens up new evidence from a little known area of Dickens's professional life to expert scrutiny, but is highly relevant to a number of important debates in Victorian studies including orality and literacy in the nineteenth century, the role of voice and voicing in Dickens's writing process, his relationship with his readers, and his various writing personae as law reporter, sketch-writer, journalist, and novelist.

As is typical of African languages, there is little published material on Kimatuumbi, a Bantu language spoken in Tanzania. Apart from Professor Odden's own theoretically-oriented papers the only existing primary description of the language is Krumm's Grundriss einer Grammatik des Kimatubi (1912) which lacks any discussion of two of the most interesting and complex phonological properties of the language - vowel length and tone. The descriptive account of these properties and of rule interaction in Kimatuumbi phonology bears on a number of important theoretical issues including theories of interaction between phonology and syntax, lexical phonology, the geometric representation of vowel features, and the theory of prosodic representations. This study both broadens our understanding of the structure of African languages and provides data which are crucial for resolving certain questions in contemporary phonology theory.

Making New Words provides a detailed study of the 200 or so prefixes and suffixes which create new words in today's English. Alongside a systematic discussion of these forms, Professor Dixon explores and explains the hundreds of conundrums that seem to be exceptions to general rules. Why, for instance, do we say un-distinguished (with prefix un-) but in-distinguishable (with in-); why un-ceasing but in-cesssant? Why, alongside gold-en, do we say silver-y (not silver-en)? Why is it wood-en (not wood-ic) but metall-ic (not metall-en)? After short preliminary chapters, which set the scene and outline the criteria employed, there are accounts of the derivation of negative words, of other derivations which do not change word class, on making new verbs, new adjectives, new nouns, and new adverbs. The final chapter deals with combinations of suffixes, of prefixes, and of the two together. Within each chapter, derivational affixes are arranged in semantic groups, the members of which are contrasted with respect to meaning and function; for example, child-less and child-free. For each affix there is an account of its genetic origin (from Old English, Greek, Latin, French, and so on), its phonological form and implications for stress placement, the roots it can be attached to (and why), and how its range of meanings has developed over the centuries. The book is written in the author's accustomed style - clear and well-organised, with easy-to-understand explanations. The exposition is illustrated by examples, ranging from Shakespeare, W. S. Gilbert, and modern novels to what was heard on the radio. It will be an invaluable text and sourcebook for scholars and students of the English language and of general linguistics, from undergraduate level upwards. The many fascinating facts presented here, in such a lucid and accessible manner, will also appeal to the general reader interested in picking to pieces the English language to see how it works.

This major new textbook is designed for readers who wish to pursue the study of phonetics from an initial to an advanced stage. It moves from a discussion of general concepts to a total of eleven chapters on phonetic classification, and it includes discussion of other issues such as the relationship between phonetics and phonology. There are illustrations from over 500 of the world's languages. Principles of Phonetics will be required reading for all serious students of speech and language.

Der Autor weist in seiner Analyse nach, dass die Textsemantik des Antezedenten die semantische Funktion des Relativsatzes bestimmt und sich erst daraus ableiten lasst, ob ein Relativsatz "identifizierend" oder "pradizierend" ist. Das Buch thematisiert daruber hinaus die Zusammenhange zwischen der Morphosyntax des Relativsatzes und der semantischen Funktion des Relativsatzes. Hierbei analysiert der Autor die Kasus des Antezedenten und des Relativpronomens sowie die Kontakt- oder Distanzposition des Relativsatzes. Er stellt heraus, welche spezifischen Charakteristika fur die Zwischenelemente vor dem Relativsatz bei Distanzposition sowie fur die Restelemente nach dem Relativsatz bei Kontaktposition in Frage kommen.

This is an introduction to the phonology of present-day English. It deals principally with three varieties of English: "General American," Southern British "Received Pronunciation" and "Scottish Standard English." It offers a systematic and detailed discussion of the features shared by these major accents, and explains some major differences. Other varieties of English--Australian and New Zealand English, South African English and Hiberno-English--are also discussed briefly. Without focusing on current phonological theory and its evolution, the author demonstrates the importance of "theory," in whatever shape or form, in phonological argumentation. This textbook will be welcomed by all students of English language and linguistics.

La estructura del espanol es un repaso integro del espanol para estudiantes a nivel universitario. Ha sido concebido para estudiantes de herencia de habla hispana que no han recibido instruccion formal. Este texto tanto se puede usar en un nivel basico como a nivel intermedio, porque ha sido aumentado, con nuevas lecturas, nuevos ejercicios y un lenguaje mas inclusivo. Sus 15 capitulos han sido corregidos y modificados con vistas hacia un mejor y mas facil entendimiento del material, teniendo en cuenta la poblacion estudiantil para la que ha sido concebido. Es por esto que cada capitulo se presenta con minimas, pero precisas, explicaciones. Ademas de abarcar temas especificos de gramatica, este libro tambien incluye areas clave en el uso de consonantes o en la confusion entre ciertos pares de palabras y frases que suenan de forma muy parecida pero se escriben de modo muy distinto y no tienen el mismo significado. Se ha resaltado el estudio de cognados espanol/ingles ayudando asi a que el/la estudiante mejore la escritura de esas palabras. Se han incluido ejercicios adicionales en los que el/la estudiante puede poner a prueba su conocimiento de las reglas ortograficas. Este libro rinde mejores resultados cuando se emplea en cursos secuenciales a nivel de universidad y elimina la necesidad de comprar un libro de lectura adicional. Los/las estudiantes invierten en un libro de texto que integra en un solo volumen material adecuado y de calidad que provee una base firme para una sub-especializacion o para una carrera en espanol.

Articulatory Phonetics presents a concise and non-technical introduction to the physiological processes involved in producing sounds in human speech. * Traces the path of the speech production system through to the point where simple vocal sounds are produced, covering the nervous system, and muscles, respiration, and phonation * Introduces more complex anatomical concepts of articulatory phonetics and particular sounds of human speech, including brain anatomy and coarticulation * Explores the most current methodologies, measurement tools, and theories in the field * Features chapter-by-chapter exercises and a series of original illustrations which take the mystery out of the anatomy, physiology, and measurement techniques relevant to speech research * Includes a companion website at www.wiley.com/go/articulatoryphonetics with additional exercises for each chapter and new, easy-to-understand images of the vocal tract and of measurement tools/data for articulatory phonetics teaching and research * Password protected instructor s material includes an answer key for the additional exercises

In der generativen Phonologie lasst sich im Unterschied zur generativen Syntax der Wechsel von einem derivationellen Modell nicht so leicht dokumentieren. Phonologische Reprasentationen werden in diesem Band nicht als notarielle Variante zur linearen Phonologie verstanden, sondern als Ebene, auf der universelle Beschrankungen gelten.Folgende Problembereiche werden u.a. behandelt: - die phonetische Beschrankung phonologischer Segmente- universelle Beschrankungen suprasegmentaler Strukturen- Modelle der Interaktion von Phonologie und Morphologi

"Phonetic Data Analysis" examines the procedures involved in describing the sounds of a language and illustrates the basic techniques of experimental phonetics, most of them requiring little more than a tape recorder, a video camera, and a computer.
Examines the procedures involved in describing the sounds of a language and illustrates the basic techniques of experimental phonetics.
Written by Peter Ladefoged, one of the world's leading phoneticians.
Enables readers to work with a speaker in class or go out into the field and make their own discoveries about how the sounds of a language are made.
Provides full descriptions of techniques that are readily available and do not require the resources of a major phonetics laboratory.
Includes enlightening comments throughout about Ladefoged's own fieldwork experiences.

A broad range of competing theories, analytical strategies and notational systems are surveyed in a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of sound structure.

Although the illustrative material is drawn principally from English, general points are illustrated with a variety of languages to provide a new perspective on a confused and often controversial field of study.

Das Sprechen erfolgt durch die artikulatorische Realisation von Lauten und durch prosodische Merkmale, die sich unter anderem im verwendeten Tonhoehenverlauf aussern. Dem Tonhoehenbereich kommt als Ausdrucksmittel und Wikungsfaktor besondere Bedeutung zu und er ist fur die logopadische, sprech-erzieherische, phoniatrische und sprachdidaktische Arbeit relevant. Bisher wurde insbesondere die mittlere Sprechstimmlage beschrieben. In dieser Arbeit wird der gesamte Tonhoehenumfang sowie die Haufigkeit der Verwendung einzelner Tonhoehenbereiche betrachtet und die Wirkung eines sensiblen Bereiches fur das Deutsche akustisch und auditiv untersucht. Im Russischen wird dieser Bereich anders funktionell verwendet, wodurch Interferenzen in der Wahrnehmung deutsch sprechender Russen moeglich sind. Zur Beschreibung wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen Phonationsmodus und dem verwendeten sprachenspezifischen Sprechbereich hergestellt. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit munden in Empfehlungen fur den Deutschunterricht fur russische Muttersprachler und fur eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der aktuellen Terminologie.

Das Buch wirft ein voellig neues Licht auf die Wortartenklassifikation im Deutschen im Allgemeinen und die Adjektiv-Adverb-Opposition im Besonderen. Es liefert den Beweis dafur, dass sich in Wirklichkeit hinter dem Gegensatz zwischen Adjektiv und Adverb keine Wortarten-, sondern eine Satzteileopposition verbirgt. Deshalb wirbt es fur die Aufhebung von Adjektiv und Adverb als Wortarten und ihre Zusammenlegung zur neu einzufuhrenden Wortart der Spezifikatoren. Daruber hinaus widerlegt der Autor sowohl den morphosyntaktischen als auch den semantischen Ansatz zur Klassifikation der deutschen Wortarten generell und pladiert dafur, bei der Bestimmung der einzelnen Wortklassen ein funktionales Kriterium heranzuziehen.