Die Bedeutung von Satzen wird in der Satzmodusforschung im Wesentlichen uber syntaktische Operationen abgeleitet. Neben der Wortstellung leistet jedoch auch die Intonation einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Interpretation. Ziel der Arbeit ist zum einen die Beschreibung syntaktischer und intonatorischer Eigenschaften selbstandiger Satze und zum anderen die theoretische Rekonstruktion von Satzinterpretationen auf der Grundlage syntaktischer und intonatorischer Aspekte. Dabei bestimmt die Stellung des finiten Verbs zunachst abstrakt die Gultigkeit des Satzinhaltes in Bezug auf die Diskurswelt. Auf dieser Information operiert die Intonation und signalisiert, ob der Satzinhalt zum Common Ground hinzugefugt werden soll und in welchem Verhaltnis der Sprecher zum Satzinhalt steht.

Fur viele Sprachwissenschaftler ebenso wie fur Sprachbenutzer ist Nicht-Verstehen eine unabsichtlich entstehende Randerscheinung in der Kommunikation, die es zu vermeiden gilt. Die Beitrage in diesem Band rucken das negative Image des Nicht-Verstehens ein wenig zurecht. Sie analysieren und kategorisieren die Formen des Nicht-Verstehens aus unterschiedlichen ingenieurs- wie geisteswissenschaftlichen Blickwinkeln heraus fur verschiedene Sprachen und Medien. Nicht-Verstehen ist - mal mehr, mal weniger ausgepragt - in geschriebener wie gesprochener Sprache allgegenwartig und wird von Sprachbenutzern auch gezielt instrumentalisiert. Zudem werden einige Formen des Nicht-Verstehens uberschatzt - oder durch die Forschung selbst erst geschaffen, die das (Nicht-)Verstehen noch nicht verstanden hat.

The central concern here is the description and discussion of the findings of an empirical study on standard-language pronunciation in German-speaking Switzerland. Detailed consideration is also given to the factors potentially responsible for individual variations and to user attitudes to the standard language. A further section of the book is given over to discussion of the status of the standard language in Switzerland and the problems and history of standard pronunciation. Proposals are made for a Swiss pronunciation norm and a re-engagement with the phonological system.

Why do we speak the way we do, and what do our voices tell others about us? What is the truth behind the myths that surround how we speak? Jane Setter explores these and other fascinating questions in this engaging introduction to the power and the science of the voice. The book first takes us on a tour of the sounds in our language and how we produce them, as well as how and why those sounds vary in different varieties of English. The origins of our vast range of accents are explained, along with the prejudices associated with them: why do we feel such loyalty to our own accent, and what's behind our attitudes to others? We learn that much of what we believe about how we speak may not be true: is it really the case, for instance, that only young people use 'uptalk', or that only women use vocal fry? Our voices can also be used as criminal evidence, and to help us wear different social and professional hats. Throughout the book, Professor Setter draws on examples from the media and from her own professional and personal experience, from her work on the provenance of the terrorist 'Jihadi John' to why the Rolling Stones sounded American.

This is the first study of the practice of judicial summing-up to juries and of its 'survey of the evidence' as rhetoric, persuasive language, in the Crown Courts of England and Wales.

The transcripts of judicial summings-up to a jury can vary from a few to hundreds of pages, and are significant in that they break the flow between advocates' turn-taking, especially their final speeches, and the deliberation of the jury. In addition to its linguistic and rhetorical concerns, the book considers this practice of summing up as a legal problem - as unrecognized advocacy - and examines alternatives, such as the US States', Canadian and Scottish models. The Scottish model is prescribed for consideration by Anglo-Welsh judges with its insistence on parsimonious reference to the disputed narrative, only where relevant to the legal issues on which instruction is being given.

Hans Krech war der erste habilitierte Sprechwissenschaftler an der Universitat Halle und der erste Hochschullehrer Deutschlands, der auf eine Professur Sprechwissenschaft berufen wurde. Anlasslich seines 50. Todestages (2011) wird eine Auswahl seiner Schriften in drei Banden unter dem Titel Beitrage zur Sprechwissenschaft neu veroeffentlicht. Sie verdeutlichen vielfaltige Wurzeln heutiger sprechwissenschaftlicher Arbeit. Band III enthalt Schriften zur Phonetik, zur Sprechkunstlerischen Gestaltung und zur Fachgeschichte. Einen Schwerpunkt bildet die Dokumentation seines Wirkens als Begrunder der Orthoepieforschung an der Universitat Halle. Eine Audio-CD erganzt das Lehrbuch Einfuhrung in die deutsche Sprechwissenschaft/Sprecherziehung durch Klangbeispiele.

Este trabajo constituye una descripcion funcional de una variedad poco estudiada del guarani paraguayo: el guarani "correntino", modalidad tradicional del guarani del nordeste argentino. El estudio presenta las caracteristicas fonologicas y gramaticales de esta variedad en vistas a comprender el grado de su diferenciacion dialectal asi como su posicion dentro de los dialectos del guarani meridional - criollo e indigena - hablado en las tierras bajas sudamericanas. Con una vision comparativa, entablando una discusion permanente con destacados autores de esta larga tradicion de estudios (Emma Gregores y Jorge Suarez, Wolf Dietrich, Aryon Rodrigues, entre otros) este trabajo constituye no solo una aproximacion critica a los estudios de lenguas tupi-guaranies actuales, sino tambien una tesis novedosa e insoslayable en torno a la caracterizacion tipologica del guarani. La rica introduccion historica y sociolinguistica que precede la descripcion linguistica, por otra parte, hace de esta obra un estudio de gran interes no solo para la linguistica funcional, sino tambien para disciplinas afines como la dialectologia, el contacto linguistico, la creolistica y los estudios de lenguas minoritarias.

This book provides a fascinating account of the psycholinguistic and social factors behind variation in speech timing in US English. With detailed discussions of its methods and data, it also acts as a valuable model for conducting corpus (socio)phonetic research.

Auch nach 400 Jahren hat der Tesoro (1611) von Sebastian de Covarrubias nichts von seiner zentralen Bedeutung fur die Erforschung der spanischen Sprache verloren. So kann die Arbeit auf der Grundlage einer selektiv-exhaustiven Analyse der ersten zwei Drittel des Woerterbuchs sowie ausgewahlter Lemmata (e.g. mit den Anfangsbuchstaben I consonantica (= J, S, X und Z) erstmals einen kompletten atiologischen Ansatz entwickeln, der sowohl die Umgestaltung des mittelspanischen Lautsystems zur Aussprache des Neuspanischen auf dem Gebiet der S-Laute als auch die Aussprachedifferenzierung zwischen dem atlantischen Spanisch (Westandalusien, Kanarische Inseln, Lateinamerika) und dem peninsular-europaischen Spanisch schlussig zu erklaren vermag. Hinsichtlich Markierung und Evaluierung des prasentierten Sprachmaterials kann die UEberarbeitung der Bedeutungsprofile von Markern wie corrupto "korrumpiert", oder vulgar "volksprachlich, gemeinsprachlich, umgangssprachlich, vulgar" eine Revision der in der bisherigen Sekundarliteratur verbreiteten, haufig zu sehr vereinfachenden Lesarten leisten und eine Reihe von Interpretationstopoi ausraumen (e.g. Arabismenfeindlichkeit, Zuruckweisung der Volkssprache gegenuber dem Latein etc.). Kognitive Ansatze zu textgrammatischen (Partikelforschung, Schwammwoerter, etc.) und pragmatischen (Hoeflichkeit, performative Sprechakte) sowie wortbildungstechnischen Beobachtungen runden daneben auf dem Gebiet der Konzeptgeschichte unser Wissen zum Erkenntniswert des Tesoro (1611) ab, so dass die Quellenart Woerterbuch auch fur kunftige sprachgeschichtliche Forschungen imperativ bleiben wird.

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks, as well as studies that provide new insights by approaching language from an interdisciplinary perspective. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.

This volume contains 105 transcripts dealing with language and supplements Phonai volume 42 (= Part I) which contains 165 excerpts from interviews with German-speaking Jewish emigrants to Palestine/Israel largely on biographical subjects. The CD enclosed contains 41 of these excerpts and conveys an acoustic impression of the high proficiency and fluency of the speakers, all between the age of 60 and 100. The subsequent linguistic analysis divides into 10 subsections examining the sociolinguistic backgrounds of the cultivated 'educated' German displayed by the speakers and its grammatical and stylistic characteristics. Together the two volumes document and describe a variety of German distinguished first of all by its striking orientation to written and literary standards and models, and secondly by occasional lexical enrichments from the Hebrew-speaking world surrounding the speakers. This historically unique variety of German is doomed to disappear with the last generation of emigrants.

This collection of articles deals with phonetic and phonological aspects of the prosodic concepts 'syllable cut' and 'tonal accent'. Syllable cut refers to the way in which a vowel is modified ('cut') by the consonant following it. As such, the concept of syllable cut is a prosodic approach representing a viable alternative to more segmentally defined concepts like vowel quantity or quality. Tonal accents establish lexical/phonological contrasts at word level with the help of contrasting intonation curves. The volume presents new findings on syllable cut and tonal accents from the following research fields: historical phonology and graphemics, dialectology, auto-segmental phonology, acoustical phonetics, language typology.

Die interdisziplinar angelegte Studie verbindet ein sprachwissenschaftliches mit einem strafrechtlichen Erkenntnisinteresse: So werden aus sprachwissenschaftlicher Perspektive Entschuldigungs- und Entschuldigungsannahmehandlungen als spezifische Rituale in einem strafrechtlich relevanten Kontext, namlich dem Tater-Opfer-Ausgleich untersucht. Die Autorin spurt dabei theoretisch wie empirisch der sprachlichen Form dieses Rituals, seiner gesprachsorganisatorischen Lokalisierung sowie seiner pragmatischen Organisation als Sprechaktsequenz nach. Die entsprechenden Befunde werden strafrechtlich gerahmt: So zeigt die Autorin, in welche diskursiven Prozesse Entschuldigung und Entschuldigungsannahme im Rahmen des Tater-Opfer-Ausgleichs eingebettet sind, d.h. ob die Durchfuhrung dieses Rituals von den Mediatoren der Ausgleichsgesprache als Erfolgskriterium betrachtet wird und inwiefern sein Gelingen von der Sprachkompetenz aller Beteiligten abhangt.

In this monograph Katsura Aoyama presents a series of psycholinguistic investigations on consonantal distinctions in Finnish and Japanese. The author deftly describes differences in adult production, perception, and child acquisition of these distinctions. This is an important work for those interested in recent developments in theoretical and psycholinguistics.

Salomo A. Birnbaum (1891?1989) is the uncontested pioneer in two large closely related research areas, namely historical Jewish linguistics and the palaeography of Hebrew and all Jewish successor languages. This collection of essays provides a cross-section through Birnbaum s life s work. Volume I contains articles on Jewish philology and a survey of additional Jewish languages and individual studies. Volume II documents the development of Hebrew palaeography, which began to be established in the period between the 1930s and 1960s."

Ziel der Arbeit ist eine konfrontative und pragmatische Analyse der Verwendung und der Funktion von Abtoenungspartikeln im Deutschen und Polnischen. Dazu werden die Abtoenungspartikeln hinsichtlich ihrer Pragmatik, Lexikologie und Lexikographie fur beide Sprachen referiert. Weiterhin wird auf die wesentlichen pragmatischen Funktionen der deutschen und der polnischen Abtoenungspartikeln naher eingegangen, wobei lexikologische Fragen zum Vorhandensein von Homonymen in anderen Wortklassen und Fragen zu der syntaktischen Distribution der Abtoenungspartikeln hinsichtlich der Satzarten eroertert werden. Die Materialbasis bilden verschriftete Rundfunksendungen sowie funktional entsprechende Belege aus im Internet zuganglichen Korpora. Ziel der Analyse ist es, die von deutschen und polnischen Abtoenungspartikeln getragenen Funktionen und funktionalen Schattierungen systematisch zu beschreiben.

The Substance of Language Volume I: The Domain of Syntax Volume II: Morphology, Paradigms, and Periphrases Volume III: Phonology-Syntax Analogies John M. Anderson The three volumes of The Substance of Language collectively overhaul linguistic theory from phonology to semantics and syntax to pragmatics and offer a full account of how the form/function relationship works in language. Each explores the consequences for the investigation of language of a conviction that all aspects of linguistic structure are grounded in the non-linguistic mental faculties on which language imposes its own structure. The first and third look at how syntax and phonology are fed by a lexical component that includes morphology and which unites representations in the two planes. The second examines the way morphology is embedded in the lexicon as part of the expression of the lexicon-internal relationships of words. Phonology-Syntax Analogies looks at the substantive and structural analogies between phonology and syntax and the factors that cause such analogies to break down. It considers the degree to which analogies between syntax and phonology result from their both being representational subsystems within the overall system of language. At the same time it examines how far semantic and phonetic properties limit such analogies. The book presents a powerful argument against the notion of an ungrounded autonomous syntax, which it sustains and supports by detailed grammatical analyses and a powerfully coherent conceptual understanding of the nature of language The many detailed proposals of John Anderson's fine trilogy are derived from an over-arching conception of the nature of linguistic knowledge that is in turn based on the grounding of syntax in semantics and the grounding of phonology in phonetics, both convincingly subsumed under the notion of cognitive salience. The Substance of Language is a major contribution to linguistic theory and the history of linguistic thought.

Mundliche Kompetenz ist eine Schlusselqualifikation fur soziale und berufliche Kompetenz. Zu kooperieren, im Team zu handeln setzt voraus, sich zu verstandigen, sich anderen uberzeugend verstandlich zu machen. Grundlage dafur ist die Ausbildung der Fahigkeit, sich zielgerichtet, differenziert, uberzeugend und normorientiert zu aussern sowie berufsspezifische stimmliche und sprecherische Belastungen situations- und funktionsgerecht zu bewaltigen. Zielgruppen des Bandes sind Studierende mit stimm- und sprechintensiven Berufszielen, vor allem Lehramtsstudierende, sowie Personen, die ihre stimmlichen und sprecherischen Fahigkeiten entwickeln moechten. Einer Einfuhrung zu den Grundlagen, zum Gegenstand und den Teilgebieten des Faches schliessen sich praxisorientierte Schwerpunkte an: Atmung, Stimme, Standardaussprache, Stoerungen des Sprechprozesses, Sprechgestaltung, Rede- und Gesprachsrhetorik. UEbungen und Arbeitsblatter erganzen die jeweiligen Kapitel.

Which factors can be regarded as essential for the prosodic differentiation of oral text varieties? The study investigates this question on the basis of a corpus of French and Italian recordings of the text genres fairy-tale (fiaba) and radio news (giornale radio, radiojournal). After an overview of previous research, a detailed empirical survey identifies prosodic patterns specific to these text genres and tests them by means of a perception experiment. The results are discussed in a more general theoretical context of language and text perception.

What roles do the speaker and the listener play in communication processes? Providing an overall system view, this innovative textbook explains how those working in the area think about speech. Emphasising contextual and environmental perspectives, Tatham and Morton lead you through classical and modern phonetics alongside discussion of cognitive and biological aspects of speech. In explaining speech production-for-perception and the relationship between phonology and phonetics, this book shows the possible applications (such as language teaching, clinical practice, and speech technology) and how these are relevant to other disciplines, including sociolinguistics, cognitive neuroscience, psychology and speech acoustics. Key Features * Definition and Explanation boxes throughout the text to help you understand key terms and concepts * Tutorial sections in each chapter provide opportunities for you to expand or reinforce your learning * Encourages you to develop understanding of theoretical applications through explanation of traditional and contemporary theories * Evaluation sections enable you to compare the pros and cons of competing theories

Sociophonetics is one of the sub-branches of the discipline that has attracted a great deal of attention over the last decade. Recent advances in speech science and their technological simulations allow increasingly sophisticated studies of the progress of language contact and change. These studies, particularly those at the level of pronunciation, show that language variety is robust and socially embedded in interesting ways. Instrumental studies of language variety contact and change have focused on the role of social categories and attitudes in variety perception as well as production. Some of the studies presented in this volume look at the specific role of social factors in the formation, progress, and deterrence of intralingual contact and change; while others look at the ways in which social identities and beliefs influence a listener's ability to identify and comprehend varieties. These studies use detailed acoustic analyses of production speech data and of responses to samples of data based on such analyses. Although the book assumes some knowledge of basic acoustics and variationist studies, the general introduction provides a review of practices in the field, including those of collection, analysis, and interpretation.

A revival of interest in morphology has occurred during recent years. The Yearbook of Morphology series, published since 1988, has proven to be an eminent support for this upswing of morphological research, since it contains articles on topics which are central in the current theoretical debates which are frequently referred to.
In the Yearbook of Morphology 2002 a number of articles is devoted to the morphology of a variety of pidgin and creole languages which appear to have much more morphology than traditionally assumed.
A second topic of this volume is the morphological use of truncation for the coinage of proper names in Germanic and Romance languages, in particular endearment forms, with highly interesting consequences for the theory of phonology-morphology interaction.
Thirdly, this volume contains articles on how affixes are combined and ordered in complex words, and the complex linguistic principles behind these orderings.

A revival of interest in morphology has occurred during recent years. The aim of the Yearbook of Morphology series is to support and enforce this upswing of morphological research and to give an overview of the current issues and debates at the heart of this revival. The Yearbook of Morphology 1995 focuses on an important issue in the current morphological debate: the relation between inflection and word formation. What are the criteria for their demarcation, in which ways do they interact and how is this distinction acquired by children? The papers presented here concur in rejecting the split morphology hypothesis' that claims that inflection and word formation belong to different components of the grammar. This volume also deals with the marked phenomenon of subtractive morphology and its theoretical implications. Theoretical and historical linguists, morphologists, phonologists and psycholinguists interested in linguistic issues will find this book of interest.