Salomo A. Birnbaum (1891?1989) is the uncontested pioneer in two large closely related research areas, namely historical Jewish linguistics and the palaeography of Hebrew and all Jewish successor languages. This collection of essays provides a cross-section through Birnbaum s life s work. Volume I contains articles on Jewish philology and a survey of additional Jewish languages and individual studies. Volume II documents the development of Hebrew palaeography, which began to be established in the period between the 1930s and 1960s."

Mundliche Kompetenz ist eine Schlusselqualifikation fur soziale und berufliche Kompetenz. Zu kooperieren, im Team zu handeln setzt voraus, sich zu verstandigen, sich anderen uberzeugend verstandlich zu machen. Grundlage dafur ist die Ausbildung der Fahigkeit, sich zielgerichtet, differenziert, uberzeugend und normorientiert zu aussern sowie berufsspezifische stimmliche und sprecherische Belastungen situations- und funktionsgerecht zu bewaltigen. Zielgruppen des Bandes sind Studierende mit stimm- und sprechintensiven Berufszielen, vor allem Lehramtsstudierende, sowie Personen, die ihre stimmlichen und sprecherischen Fahigkeiten entwickeln moechten. Einer Einfuhrung zu den Grundlagen, zum Gegenstand und den Teilgebieten des Faches schliessen sich praxisorientierte Schwerpunkte an: Atmung, Stimme, Standardaussprache, Stoerungen des Sprechprozesses, Sprechgestaltung, Rede- und Gesprachsrhetorik. UEbungen und Arbeitsblatter erganzen die jeweiligen Kapitel.

A revival of interest in morphology has occurred during recent years. The Yearbook of Morphology series, published since 1988, has proven to be an eminent support for this upswing of morphological research, since it contains articles on topics which are central in the current theoretical debates which are frequently referred to.
In the Yearbook of Morphology 2002 a number of articles is devoted to the morphology of a variety of pidgin and creole languages which appear to have much more morphology than traditionally assumed.
A second topic of this volume is the morphological use of truncation for the coinage of proper names in Germanic and Romance languages, in particular endearment forms, with highly interesting consequences for the theory of phonology-morphology interaction.
Thirdly, this volume contains articles on how affixes are combined and ordered in complex words, and the complex linguistic principles behind these orderings.

A revival of interest in morphology has occurred during recent years. The aim of the Yearbook of Morphology series is to support and enforce this upswing of morphological research and to give an overview of the current issues and debates at the heart of this revival. The Yearbook of Morphology 1995 focuses on an important issue in the current morphological debate: the relation between inflection and word formation. What are the criteria for their demarcation, in which ways do they interact and how is this distinction acquired by children? The papers presented here concur in rejecting the split morphology hypothesis' that claims that inflection and word formation belong to different components of the grammar. This volume also deals with the marked phenomenon of subtractive morphology and its theoretical implications. Theoretical and historical linguists, morphologists, phonologists and psycholinguists interested in linguistic issues will find this book of interest.

A revival of interest in morphology has occurred during recent years. The Yearbook of Morphology series, published since 1988, has proven to be an eminent support for this upswing of morphological research, since it contains articles on topics which are central in the current theoretical debates which are frequently referred to. The Yearbook of Morphology 1999 focuses on diachronic morphology, and shows, in a number of articles by renowned specialists, how complicated morphological systems develop in the course of time. In addition, this volume deals with a number of hotly debated issues in theoretical morphology: its interaction with phonology (including Optimality Theory), the relation between inflection and word formation, and the formal modeling of inflectional systems. A special feature of this volume is an article on morphology in sign language, a very new and exciting area of research in linguistics. The relevant evidence comes from a wide variety of languages, amongst which Germanic, Romance, and Slavic languages are prominent. Audience: Theoretical, descriptive, and historical linguists, morphologists, phonologists, and psycholinguists will find this book of interest.

Linguistic academics and speech therapists will find here the first modern book-length empirical study and theoretical account of English truncatory processes. On the basis of a corpus comprising some 3000 derivatives, the book provides a systematic investigation of the structural properties of six different patterns of English name truncation and word clipping. All patterns are shown to be unique in terms of the structural requirements that they impose on their outputs.

A revival of interest in morphology has occurred during recent years. The Yearbook of Morphology, published since 1988, has proven to be an eminent support for this upswing of morphological research, since it contains articles on topics which are central in the current theoretical debates which are frequently referred to.

In the Yearbook of Morphology 2004 a number of papers is devoted to the topic morphology and linguistic typology . These papers were presented at the Fourth Mediterranean Morphology Meeting in Catania, in September 2003. Within the context of this denominator, a number of issues are discussed wich bear upon universals and typology. These issues include: universals and diachrony, sign language, syncretism, periphrasis, etc.

Sociophonetics is one of the sub-branches of the discipline that has attracted a great deal of attention over the last decade. Recent advances in speech science and their technological simulations allow increasingly sophisticated studies of the progress of language contact and change. These studies, particularly those at the level of pronunciation, show that language variety is robust and socially embedded in interesting ways. Instrumental studies of language variety contact and change have focused on the role of social categories and attitudes in variety perception as well as production. Some of the studies presented in this volume look at the specific role of social factors in the formation, progress, and deterrence of intralingual contact and change; while others look at the ways in which social identities and beliefs influence a listener's ability to identify and comprehend varieties. These studies use detailed acoustic analyses of production speech data and of responses to samples of data based on such analyses. Although the book assumes some knowledge of basic acoustics and variationist studies, the general introduction provides a review of practices in the field, including those of collection, analysis, and interpretation.

Das Arzt-Patient-Gesprach wurde als das "Herz der Medizin" bezeichnet. Unbestritten ist die Bedeutung fur die Gesundung und das Wohlbefinden der Patientinnen und Patienten, aber auch der AErztinnen und AErzte selbst. Wie viel wissen wir uber Gesprachsverlaufe und Auswirkungen des sprachlichen Handelns von AErztinnen und AErzten? Diese Arbeit zeigt, mit welcher Methodik vielfaltige Befunde der Gesprachsforschung systematisch in einer ubergreifenden Synthese zusammengefuhrt werden koennen. Das Ergebnis zeigt sich als Entwurf einer Systematik des sprachlichen Handelns von AErztinnen und AErzten in neun Gesprachskomponenten, die in 46 Handlungstypen entfaltet werden. Die Fulle dokumentierter Gesprachsausschnitte und systemtheoretischer UEberlegungen macht das Buch zur Fundgrube fur Praxis, Lehre und weiterfuhrende Forschung.

Thinking and speaking about time is ridden with puzzles and paradoxes. How do human beings conceptualize time? Why, for example, does the availability of tense vary in different languages? How do the lines of information from tense, aspect, temporal adverbs, and context interact in the mind? Does time describe events? If real time does not flow, where do the concepts of the past, present and future come from? Are they basic concepts or are they composed out of more primitive constituents? And, finally, what is the semantics of expressions with temporal reference? This book offers a new approach to the representation of meaning of temporally-located utterances and discourses. Temporality, the author suggests, should be taken to mean degrees of certainty, understood in turn as degrees of acceptability concerning the eventuality referred to in the speaker's utterance. She presents theoretical arguments and empirical evidence from Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages to show that speakers represent the past, present, and future as degrees of epistemic modality. She argues that temporality can be subsumed under the general label of acceptability or attitude and, rather like the semantic category of evidentiality, founded on the strength of evidence. In the approach she develops, modality provides basic conceptual building blocks for the concept of time and at the same time semantic building blocks for representing temporal expressions in her framework of Default Semantics. Dr Jaszczolt sets the results of her research in the context of linguistic and philosophical work in semantics and pragmatics.

Este volumen nace en el marco del grupo de investigacion VETERM de la Universidad de Verona, cuyo objetivo es describir los vocabularios especializados en las areas tematicas de la Gastronomia, la Enologia y la Nutricion. Es, asimismo, el resultado del Congreso Internacional "Terminologia, traduccion y comunicacion especializada", celebrado en Verona en octubre de 2007, en el que se reunieron eminentes especialistas, algunos de los cuales colaboran en este libro. El objetivo prioritario de esta obra es, por un lado, subrayar la importancia de la comunicacion especializada y sus terminologias y, por otro, abrir un espacio para la reflexion teorica y analizar, desde diferentes disciplinas y perspectivas, los varios ambitos de estudio relacionados con la transferencia del conocimiento.

Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung ist die spezifische Auspragung des Stimmhaftigkeitskontrastes deutscher Plosive beim Flustern als einem Sprechmodus, der durch das Fehlen von Stimmton gekennzeichnet ist. Anhand akustischer Daten sieben deutscher Sprecher werden temporale Korrelate des Stimmhaftigkeitskontrastes - Aspirationsdauer, Verschlussdauer und Dauer des vorangehenden Vokals - vergleichend fur geflusterte und normal gesprochene Plosive untersucht. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass die Auspragung dieser Korrelate weder durch den Stimmtonverlust beim Flustern beeintrachtigt noch im Sinne einer flusterspezifischen Kompensationsstrategie programmatisch verstarkt wird. Dieses Ergebnis geht konform mit den fur das Deutsche spezifizierten phonologischen Konzeptionen des Stimmhaftigkeitskontrastes als einer Gespanntheitsopposition.

This work marries qualitative ethnographic methods to quantitative acoustic methods. The analysis describes how internal and external factors in phonological change differ and demonstrates how these two forces interact to structure the phonological systems of Appalachian and African American Southern Migrant speakers in the Detroit, Michigan area.

Diese Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit Ausspracheproblemen chinesischer Deutschlernender im Rahmen von Einzelfallstudien. Die Untersuchung konzentrierte sich auf die Problembereiche Phonotaktik, suprasegmentale und segmentale Abweichungen unter Berucksichtigung der phonetisch-phonologischen Interferenzen des Deutschen und Chinesischen. Neben der kontrastiven Analyse wurden auch aussersprachliche Gesichtspunkte in die Untersuchung einbezogen, da sie ebenso wie sprachliche Faktoren beim Aussprachelernen zu beachten sind. So pragen schriftbasiertes und prufungsorientiertes Lernen den Lernalltag chinesischer Deutschlernender und auch die Curricula sind stark an (schriftlichen) Prufungen ausgerichtet, bei denen ublicherweise die Aussprache kein Bewertungskriterium darstellt.

Kinder mit spezifischen Sprachentwicklungsstoerungen (SSES) erlernen haufig nicht in einer normalen Qualitat und Zeit das Lesen und Schreiben. Eine Ursache fur den gestoerten Schriftspracherwerb bei Kindern mit SSES wird in vorschulisch ungenugend entwickelten metaphonologischen Fahigkeiten vermutet. In diesem Buch wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen geringem Wortschatzumfang, eingeschrankten metaphonologischen Fahigkeiten und gestoertem Erwerb der Schriftsprache besteht. Dazu werden aktuell vorliegende Erkenntnisse zum Wortschatzerwerb und zur Entwicklung metaphonologischer Fahigkeiten aufgezeigt. Insbesondere Zusammenhange zwischen Wortform und metaphonologischen Fahigkeiten sowie zum Schriftspracherwerb bei spezifisch sprachentwicklungsgestoerten und sprachnormalen Kindern finden Beachtung. Ferner wird eine empirische Untersuchung dargestellt, an der insgesamt 98 (Vor)Schulkinder teilnahmen. An zwei Testzeitpunkten konnten die zur Hypothesenabklarung notwendigen Daten gewonnen werden. Aus den Erkenntnissen lassen sich plassen sich padagogische Implikationen zur Pravention von Schriftspracherwerbsstoerungen sowie Forschungsdesiderate ableiten.

A range of electronic corpora is increasingly accessible via the WWW and CD-ROM. This development coincided with improved standards governing the collecting, encoding and archiving of such data. This book looks at developing similar standards for enriching and preserving unconventional data: dialects, child language and bilingual databases.

A range of electronic corpora has become accessible via the WWW and CD-ROM. This coincides with improvements in standards governing the collecting, encoding and archiving of such data. This book develops similar standards for enriching and preserving 'unconventional' data': the fragmentary texts and voices left to us as accidents of history.

The first study, based on instances of everyday talk, to analyze prosodic orientation, a conversational strategy by which speakers design their speaking voice according to the vocal patterns used by their conversational partners. The book explores forms and functions of prosodic orientation, and offers a new perspective on prosody in conversation.

This textbook introduces the main units and concepts you require to describe speech sounds accurately. By working through the book and the various exercises included, you will come to understand the need for a dedicated system of description and transcription for speech sounds, and for a degree of phonological abstraction to support our understanding of the behaviour of sounds in particular languages and varieties. You will learn to carry out elementary, broad phonetic transcription, and be able to establish contrastive vowel and consonant systems for your own varieties and to express simple generalisations reflecting the productive and predictable patterns of English sounds. At the end of the book there is a section guiding you through some of the exercises and there is also a detailed glossary which will be useful for assignments or revision during exams.

Working in Language and Law is a detailed account of the forensic linguistic work done by the author in the last 35 years. It provides exemplary insights into an ever-expanding field of expert testimony, focusing on the situation in Germany since the seventies and covering all major areas of the field.

This work provides a detailed account of word level pronunciation in England and Scotland between 1700 and 1900. All major and minor source materials are presented in depth and there is a close discussion of contemporary attitudes to pronunciation standards and orthographic reform. The materials are presented in three chronological periods: 1700-1750, 1750-1800 and the Nineteenth century, so that the reader is able not only to see the main characteristics of the pronunciation of both vowels and consonants in each period, but can also compare developments from one period to another, thus identifying ongoing changes to the phonology.

Warren Maguire examines Mid-Ulster English as a key case of new dialect formation, considering the roles of language shift and dialect contact in its phonological development. He explores the different processes which led to the development of MUE through contact between dialects of English, Scots and Irish and examines the history of a wide range of consonantal and vocalic features. In addition to determining the phonological origins of MUE, Maguire shows us why the dialect developed in the way that it did and considers what the phonology of the dialect can tell us about the nature of contact between the input language varieties. In doing so, he demonstrates the kinds of analysis and techniques that can be used to explain the development of extra-territorial varieties of English and colonial dialects in complex situations of contact, and shows that Irish English provides a useful testing-ground for models of new dialect formation. As one of the oldest 'new' extra-territorial varieties of English, one which developed in a context of language and dialect contact, MUE provides an excellent opportunity to study how new dialects develop in situations of settlement colonisation.