Die Erforschung des Spektrums zwischen Dialekt und Standard, die Perzeptionslinguistik und die Analyse von Dialektsyntax sind Aufgaben einer Dialektologie, die sich als Regionalsprachenforschung versteht. In zwoelf Beitragen diskutieren Nachwuchswissenschaftler diese Fragestellungen aus der Perspektive neuerer variationslinguistischer Theorien. Die Themen reichen von der Namenkunde bis zur Perzeptionslinguistik und umfassen sowohl niederdeutsche als auch hochdeutsche Varietaten. Schwerpunkte liegen auf der Betrachtung sprachlicher Variation und Dynamik der phonologischen und morphologischen Ebene sowie von Methoden und Befunden sozio- und wahrnehmungsdialektologischer Untersuchungen. Beitrage zum altsachsischen Heliand und zur bairischen Namenkunde erweitern das Themenfeld.

Dieser Band untersucht die Bedeutung von Interpunktion aus sprachwissenschaftlichen, sprachdidaktischen und literaturwissenschaftlichen Perspektiven. Die Autor_innen greifen in ihren romanistischen, germanistischen und anglistischen Beitragen unterschiedliche Fragestellungen auf, die unter anderem die Funktionen von Interpunktionszeichen in literarischen oder politischen Texten betreffen. Die Artikel fokussieren zudem die Rolle von Interpunktionszeichenvarianten aus grammatischer Sicht, eroertern Interpunktion als narratologisches Gestaltungsmittel, diskutieren Phanomene des Wandels bzw. des moeglichen Wandels und perspektivieren daruber hinaus Interpunktion aus sprachdidaktischer Sicht - fur das Leseverstehen, das Verstehen von Prasentationen sowie fur Korrekturen von Texten.

Phonetics is a fundamental building block not just in linguistics but also in fields such as communication disorders. However, introductions to phonetics can often assume a background in linguistics, whilst at the same time overlooking the clinical and scientific aspects of the field. This textbook fills this gap by providing a comprehensive yet accessible overview of phonetics that delves into the fundamental science underlying the production of speech. Written with beginners in mind, it focuses on the anatomy and physiology of speech, while at the same time explaining the very basics of phonetics, such as the phonemes of English, the International Phonetic Alphabet, and phonetic transcription systems. It presents the sounds of speech as elements of linguistic structure and as the result of complex biological mechanics. It explains complicated terminology in a clear, easy-to-understand way, and provides examples from a range of languages, from disorders of speech, and from language learning.

The BBC's Advisory Committee on Spoken English was set up to provide an authoritative guide to pronunciation and the use of language for BBC announcers. The results of its deliberations were published for general consumption in a series of pamphlets called Broadcast English. Based on primary sources, the compelling story of the Advisory Board during its crucial first 13 years is told here for the first time. It reveals how board members, including George Bernard Shaw and A. Lloyd James, soon discovered that standardization and regulation of spoken language is extremely challenging and highly controversial. The first two chapters describe the linguistic aspects of its work, particularly after it had taken on the role of standardizing spoken English, a task well beyond its mandate and the BBC Charter. The third and fourth chapters look at the challenges the Committee encountered in assuming their prescriptive role, the structural crisis which ensued, and the changes to linguistic policies which then followed. Chapter 5 and 6 document the final years of the Committee, explore the reasons for its failure in its role as guardian of 'properly' spoken English, and consider the legacy of the Committee in today's broadcasting. The book will appeal to linguists and historians generally, especially those interested in the English language and language policy.

This volume provides a broad introduction to Chinese linguistics, offering an accessible synthesis of the most relevant topics in the field. Despite the steady growth in interest in Chinese linguistics in recent years, this is one of very few books at introductory level written for a Western audience. The authors begin by outlining the history and typology of the Sinitic languages and the writing system of Chinese before moving on to discuss key topics in phonology, morphology and the lexicon, and syntax. Throughout the book, they incorporate and discuss examples from standard and non-standard varieties of Sinitic, and include new research on topics such as dialect writing, subjecthood, and word formation. The book will be a valuable reference both for researchers and scholars in the field of China studies and for linguists, including those with little or no previous knowledge of Chinese.

This book provides an overview of phonological typology: the study of how sounds are distributed across the languages of the world and why they display these distributions and patterns. It examines major phonological phenomena such as phoneme inventories, syllable structure, phonological alternations, stress, tone, intonation, and prosodic morphology, and investigates issues including how common certain types of sounds are cross-linguistically and why; how many languages differentiate questions and statements using intonation; which areas of the world tend to be associated with more complex tone distinctions; and the relationship between cross-linguistic and language-internal frequency. Data are drawn from existing typologies, from the results of a survey of various phonological patterns in the 100-language sample from the World Atlas of Language Structures, and from corpora of individual languages. Matthew Gordon analyses these data and explores the correlations between different - often superficially unrelated - phonological properties to gain insight into the driving forces behind these phenomena. He provides an overview of synchronic and diachronic explanations for the patterns observed and discusses how formal phonological theory has attempted to model the typological data. One of relatively few typological works devoted to phonology, this book will be a valuable resource for phonologists and phoneticians from advanced undergraduate level upwards, as well all those with an interest in language typology.

Modernhebraisch und Deutsch wurden bislang in keiner Studie kontrastiv analysiert: und das, obwohl die Lander, in denen diese Sprachen gesprochen werden - Israel und Deutschland -, durch eine tragische, aber auch fruchtbringende Vergangenheit miteinander verbunden sind. Ziel der Arbeit war es daher, erstens das Modernhebraische soziolinguistisch, genetisch und typologisch zu beschreiben. Zweitens galt es, die prosodischen Merkmale dieser Sprache im Vergleich zum Deutschen zu eroertern. Schliesslich wurden drittens empirisch die prosodischen Auffalligkeiten modernhebraischer Muttersprachler im Deutschen analysiert. Methodisch lag dabei der Schwerpunkt auf auditiven Analysen sowie auf Methoden der Feldforschung, der Soziolinguistik und der Gesprachsanalyse.

Dieses Buch bietet einen Gesamtuberblick uber die Entwicklung der Dependenz- und Valenzgrammatik sowie des Valenzbegriffes. Veranschaulicht am Sprachenpaar Deutsch-Spanisch eroeffnet es neuartige Wege zur Beschreibung der Verbvalenz. Besonderen Eingang finden die unterschiedlichen Ansatze im Rahmen der Valenzgrammatik, der Zusammenhang zwischen der Valenztheorie und anderen Theorien, die haufig genannten Beschreibungsgrenzen der Valenztheorie und die damit zusammenhangenden Missverstandnisse. Neben der kontrastiven Darstellung der Verbvalenz unter Berucksichtigung lexikographischer und grammatischer Aspekte erlautern die Autoren das lexikographische Verfahren, das der Erstellung des "Verbvalenzlexikons Deutsch-Spanisch" im zweiten Band zugrunde liegt.

Die in diesem Band publizierten Beitrage stammen ausnahmslos von jungen Sprechwissenschaftlerinnen und Sprechwissenschaftlern, die als Absolventen des Seminars fur Sprechwissenschaft und Phonetik der Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Beitrage fur die Bereiche Phonetik, Rhetorik sowie Sprach-, Sprech- und Stimmstoerungen vorgelegt haben. Die Themenpalette reicht von artikulatorisch-phonetischen Detailuntersuchungen uber Fragen der Aussprachekodifizierung bis hin zum Rap, von antiken medizinischen Quellen zur Stimmgesundheit und uber rhetorische Themen wie "Obama als orator perfectus" bis zu Sir Peter Ustinov. Auch fach- und gebietsubergreifende Arbeiten sind unter den Beitragen, beispielsweise zur Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation, zu argumentativen Strukturen im Kabarett und zu AEusserungsparametern bei Patienten mit neurologischen Lasionen.

This handbook compares the main analytic frameworks and methods of contemporary linguistics. It offers a unique overview of linguistic theory, revealing the common concerns of competing approaches. By showing their current and potential applications it provides the means by which linguists and others can judge what are the most useful models for the task in hand. Distinguished scholars from all over the world explain the rationale and aims of over thirty explanatory approaches to the description, analysis, and understanding of language. Each chapter considers the main goals of the model; the relation it proposes from between lexicon, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and phonology; the way it defines the interactions between cognition and grammar; what it counts as evidence; and how it explains linguistic change and structure. The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis offers an indispensable guide for everyone researching any aspect of language including those in linguistics, comparative philology, cognitive science, developmental philology, cognitive science, developmental psychology, computational science, and artificial intelligence. This second edition has been updated to include seven new chapters looking at linguistic units in language acquisition, conversation analysis, neurolinguistics, experimental phonetics, phonological analysis, experimental semantics, and distributional typology.

Around the world, children embark on learning to read in their home language or writing system. But does their specific language, and how it is written, make a difference to how they learn? How is learning to read English similar to or different from learning in other languages? Is reading alphabetic writing a different challenge from reading syllabic or logographic writing? Learning to Read across Languages and Writing Systems examines these questions across seventeen languages representing the world's different major writing systems. Each chapter highlights the key features of a specific language, exploring research on learning to read, spell, and comprehend it, and on implications for education. The editors' introduction describes the global spread of reading and provides a theoretical framework, including operating principles for learning to read. The editors' final chapter draws conclusions about cross-linguistic universal trends, and the challenges posed by specific languages and writing systems.

A new, thought-provoking book on the theory of grammar and language processing, based on the analysis of authentic speech produced in real time. Drawing on insights from cognitive psychology, neurology and conversation analysis, the author offers a fascinating, easy-to-follow account of why spoken English is structured the way it is. The traditional product-based approach to grammar is given up in favour of a speaker-based, dynamic perspective that integrates language-structural, neurocognitive and dialogic aspects of speech production. Based on fresh empirical research Haselow argues that grammatical knowledge rests upon two cognitive principles of linearization called 'microgrammar' and 'macrogrammar', which are shown to interact in various ways. The book discusses a broad range of speech phenomena under an integrated framework, such as the omnipresence of 'unintegrated' constituents (e.g. discourse markers), ellipses, or the allegedly 'fragmented' character of syntax, and explains the mechanisms of processing efficiency that guide syntactic planning.

This volume contains detailed surveys of the intonational phonology of fourteen typologically diverse languages, described in the Autosegmental-Metrical framework. Unlike the first volume, half of the languages, which vary in their word prosody as well as their geographic distribution, are understudied languages or researched through fieldwork. All chapters provide the prosodic structure and intonational categories of the language as well as a description of focus prosody. The book concludes with a chapter on the methodology of studying intonation from data collection to analysis and a chapter which proposes a new way of characterizing the intonation of the world's languages. The sound files which accompany the descriptions are available on the book's companion website.

Why our use of language is highly creative yet also constrained We use words and phrases creatively to express ourselves in ever-changing contexts, readily extending language constructions in new ways. Yet native speakers also implicitly know when a creative and easily interpretable formulation-such as "Explain me this" or "She considered to go"-doesn't sound quite right. In this incisive book, Adele Goldberg explores how these creative but constrained language skills emerge from a combination of general cognitive mechanisms and experience. Shedding critical light on an enduring linguistic paradox, Goldberg demonstrates how words and abstract constructions are generalized and constrained in the same ways. When learning language, we record partially abstracted tokens of language within the high-dimensional conceptual space that is used when we speak or listen. Our implicit knowledge of language includes dimensions related to form, function, and social context. At the same time, abstract memory traces of linguistic usage-events cluster together on a subset of dimensions, with overlapping aspects strengthened via repetition. In this way, dynamic categories that correspond to words and abstract constructions emerge from partially overlapping memory traces, and as a result, distinct words and constructions compete with one another each time we select them to express our intended messages. While much of the research on this puzzle has favored semantic or functional explanations over statistical ones, Goldberg's approach stresses that both the functional and statistical aspects of constructions emerge from the same learning mechanisms.

Auf Basis des Konzepts Graphotaktik entwickelt die Autorin eine Untersuchungsmethode, mit der sich das individuelle Korrespondenzverhalten von phonologischen Einheiten systematisch erforschen und flachendeckend offenlegen lasst. Dieses Konzept evaluiert die Idee, dass fur die geschriebene Sprache spezielle Regeln dafur gelten, wo bestimmte Einheiten auftreten koennen und wie beziehungsweise ob sie mit anderen verbunden werden durfen. Konzeptionell basiert das Verfahren auf der Annahme, dass sich das moegliche Auftreten von Verschriftlichungsvarianten fur ein Phonem jeweils nur auf bestimmte graphische Kontexte erstreckt. Praktisch findet der graphotaktische Analyseapparat Anwendung, indem die Autorin existente Korrespondenzbeziehungen einer lautlichen Einheit aus spezifischen graphischen Kontexten erfragt.

Das Buch untersucht die Semantik der Substantivkomposita des Mittelhochdeutschen. Grundlage ist das Korpus des Projekts "Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik" von Th. Klein, K.-P. Wegera und H.-J. Solms. Der Autor bestimmt die aktuellen Bedeutungen der Belege in ihrem jeweiligen UEberlieferungskontext, der moeglichst vollstandig mitgeteilt wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die Wortbildungsbedeutungen der einzelnen Woerter angesetzt, die wiederum Grundlage der anschliessenden semantischen Klassifizierung der Komposita sind. Das Bindungsverhaltnis zwischen Grundwort und Bestimmungswort wird nach einem bereits fur die Gegenwartssprache erprobten Raster ermittelt.

Der Band vereint linguistische Analysen und Ergebnisse zum Beraten in verschiedensten Handlungsfeldern wie Medizin, Psychiatrie, Pflege, Recht, Schule und Hochschule, Weiterbildung, Coaching, Philosophische Praxis, Psychotherapie, Supervision, Soziale Arbeit, Grundung und Wirtschaft. Jedes Einzelkapitel bietet eine detaillierte Beschreibung eines Beratungsformates und seiner spezifischen sprachlich-kommunikativen Merkmale. Davon ausgehend wird eine gesprachslinguistische Typologie entwickelt, die den Facettenreichtum des Beratens anhand einer Merkmalsmatrix abbildet. Diese erlaubt, Typen von Beraten zu bestimmen, miteinander zu vergleichen und zu differenzieren. Damit liefert der Band auch wichtige theoretische und methodologische Impulse fur gesprachslinguistische Typologisierungsansatze.

Phonological Architecture bridges linguistic theory and the biological sciences, presenting a comprehensive view of phonology from a biological perspective. Its back-to-basics approach breaks phonology into primitive operations and representations and investigates their possible origins in cognitive abilities found throughout the animal kingdom.
Bridget Samuels opens the discussion by considering the general properties of the externalisation system in a theory-neutral manner, using animal cognition studies to identify which components of phonology may not be unique to humans and/or to language. She demonstrates, on the basis of behavioural and physiological studies on primates, songbirds, and a wide variety of other species, that the cognitive abilities underlying human phonological representations and operations are present in creatures other than Homo sapiens (even if not to the same degree) and in domains other than phonology or, indeed, language proper. The second, more linguistically technical half of the book explores what is necessarily unique about phonology. The author discusses the properties of the phonological module which are dictated by the interface requirements of the syntactic module of Universal Grammar as well as different components of the human sensory-motor system (ie audition, vision, and motor control). She proposes a repertoire of phonological representations and operations which are consistent with Universal Grammar and human cognitive evolution. She illustrates the application of these operations with analyses of representative phonological data such as vowel harmony, reduplication, and tone spreading patterns. Finally, the author addresses the issue of cross-linguistic and inter-speaker variation.

The Bloomsbury Companion To Phonetics is designed to be the essential one-volume resource. It gives an overview of key areas in phonetics. It offers a survey of current research areas and new directions in the field as well as featuring a manageable guide to beginning or developing research. The book gives readers practical guidance for study in the area. The volume covers all the most important issues, concepts, movements and approaches in the field, looking at both the core and applied domains of phonetics and speech science. It offers insights into areas as diverse as the acquisition, production and perception of speech, and clinical and forensic phonetics. There is a state of the art exploration of voice and phonation, tone and intonation, phonetic pedagogy, speech technology and phonetic universals.

This volume brings together current research in theoretical syntax and its interfaces in the Polynesian language family, with chapters focusing on Hawaiian, Maori, Niuean, Samoan, and Tongan. Languages in this family present multiple characteristics of particular interest for comparative syntactic research, and in recent years, data from Polynesian languages has also contributed to advances in the fields of prosody and semantics, as well as to the study of parametric variation. The chapters in this volume offer in-depth analyses of a range of theoretical issues at the syntax-semantics and syntax-prosody interfaces, both within individual languages and from a comparative Polynesian perspective. They examine key topics including: word order variation, ergativity and case systems, causativization, negation, raising, modality and superlatives, and the left periphery of both the sentential and nominal domains. The findings not only shed light on the theoretical typology of Polynesian languages, but also have implications for linguistic theory as a whole.

This book explores the interaction of grammatical components in a wide variety of languages, and presents and exemplifies new experimental and analytic techniques for studying linguistic interfaces. Speaking a language requires access to the different aspects of its grammar -- semantic, syntactic, phonological, pragmatic, morphological, and phonetic. Knowing how these interact is crucial to understanding the operations of any specific language and to the explanation of how language in general operates in the mind. The new research presented here combines theoretical and experimental perspectives on one of the most productive fields in contemporary linguistics.
After the editors' introduction the volume is organized along four themes: the structural properties of sentences interfacing with meaning and the lexicon; internal word structure and its effect on the syntactic and phonological components; the syntax-phonology interface and its relation to the phonetics-phonology interface; and the implications of interfaces for language acquisition and language processing. The book will interest theoretical linguists and all those in linguistics and cognitive science working on the mental operations of language.

Die in diesem Band vereinigten Beitrage nehmen Bezug auf Forschungsgegenstande der Germanistik und angewandten Sprachwissenschaft, insbesondere der Morphologie, Syntax, Phraseologie, der Text- und Diskurslinguistik sowie der Translations- und Literaturwissenschaft. Die Autorinnen und Autoren wurdigen mit ihren Beitragen die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen der polnischen Germanistin und ehemaligen Prasidentin des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten Zofia Berdychowska, Professorin an der Jagiellonen-Universitat Krakow. Die Publikation erscheint anlasslich ihres 65. Geburtstages im Jahr 2016.

In this book leading scholars address the issues surrounding the syntax-phonology interface. These principally concern whether the phonological component can influence syntax and if so how far and in what ways: such questions are a prominent component of current work on the biolinguistics of speech production and reception. The problematic relationship between syntax and phonology has long piqued the interest of syntacticians and phonologists: the connections between sound and structure have played a key role in generative grammar from its inception, initially relating to focus and the prosodic marking of constituent structure and more recently to word-order constraints. This book advances this work in a series of critical and interlinked presentations of the latest thinking and research. In doing so it draws on data from a wide range of languages, evidence from disordered language, and related work in language acquisition.

The pervasive use of dislocations (as in Le chocolat, c'est bon) is a key characteristic of spoken French. This book offers various new and well-motivated insights, based on tests conducted by the author, on the syntactic analysis, prosody, and the interpretation of dislocation in spoken French. It also considers important aspects of the acquisition of dislocation by monolingual children learning different French dialects.
The author argues that spoken French is a discourse-configurational language, in which topics are obligatorily dislocated. She develops a syntactically parsimonious account, which maximizes the import of interfaces involved with discourse and prosody. She proposes clear diagnostics, following a reexamination of the status of subject clitics and a reevaluation of the characteristic prosody of dislocated constituents. The theoretical arguments throughout the book rest on data that comes from corpora of spontaneous production and from various elitication experiments.
This book throws new light on French syntax and prosody and makes an important and original contribution to the study of linguistic interfaces. Clearly expressed and tightly argued, it will interest scholars and advanced students of French and of its acquisition as a first language as well as linguistic theorists interested in the interfaces between syntax, discourse, and phonology.

Dieses Buch liefert eine neue Erkenntnisperspektive zur Deutung und Untersuchung der Fachlexik. Grundlage dafur stellen die anthropozentrische Linguistik und der epistemologische Ansatz zur Semantik dar. Aus dieser Perspektive zeigt der Autor, wie Fachlexeme entstehen und was ihnen an Prinzipien, Motiven oder Prioritaten zugrunde gelegt wird, wenn daruber entschieden wird, ein bestimmtes Fachlexem zu konstruieren und dieses als Fachneologismus durchzusetzen. Die Untersuchung stutzt sich dabei auf eine empirische Studie zu Fachneologismen aus dem Fachgebiet "Byzantinische Hymnographie und Musik".