Die in diesem Band publizierten Beitrage stammen ausnahmslos von jungen Sprechwissenschaftlerinnen und Sprechwissenschaftlern, die als Absolventen des Seminars fur Sprechwissenschaft und Phonetik der Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Beitrage fur die Bereiche Phonetik, Rhetorik sowie Sprach-, Sprech- und Stimmstoerungen vorgelegt haben. Die Themenpalette reicht von artikulatorisch-phonetischen Detailuntersuchungen uber Fragen der Aussprachekodifizierung bis hin zum Rap, von antiken medizinischen Quellen zur Stimmgesundheit und uber rhetorische Themen wie "Obama als orator perfectus" bis zu Sir Peter Ustinov. Auch fach- und gebietsubergreifende Arbeiten sind unter den Beitragen, beispielsweise zur Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation, zu argumentativen Strukturen im Kabarett und zu AEusserungsparametern bei Patienten mit neurologischen Lasionen.

This handbook compares the main analytic frameworks and methods of contemporary linguistics. It offers a unique overview of linguistic theory, revealing the common concerns of competing approaches. By showing their current and potential applications it provides the means by which linguists and others can judge what are the most useful models for the task in hand. Distinguished scholars from all over the world explain the rationale and aims of over thirty explanatory approaches to the description, analysis, and understanding of language. Each chapter considers the main goals of the model; the relation it proposes from between lexicon, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and phonology; the way it defines the interactions between cognition and grammar; what it counts as evidence; and how it explains linguistic change and structure. The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis offers an indispensable guide for everyone researching any aspect of language including those in linguistics, comparative philology, cognitive science, developmental philology, cognitive science, developmental psychology, computational science, and artificial intelligence. This second edition has been updated to include seven new chapters looking at linguistic units in language acquisition, conversation analysis, neurolinguistics, experimental phonetics, phonological analysis, experimental semantics, and distributional typology.

This book outlines a system of phonological features that is minimally sufficient to distinguish all consonants and vowels in the languages of the world. The extensive evidence is drawn from datasets with a combined total of about 1000 sound inventories. The interpretation of phonetic transcriptions from different languages is a long-standing problem. In this book, San Duanmu proposes a solution that relies on the notion of contrast: X and Y are different sounds if and only if they contrast in some language. He focuses on a simple procedure to interpret empirical data: for each phonetic dimension, all inventories are searched in order to determine the maximal number of contrasts required. In addition, every unusual feature or extra degree of contrast is re-examined to confirm its validity. The resulting feature system is surprisingly simple: fewer features are needed than previously proposed, and for each feature, a two-way contrast is sufficient. Nevertheless, the proposal is reliable in that the notion of contrast is uncontroversial, the procedure is explicit, and the result is repeatable. The book also offers discussion of non-contrastive differences between languages, sound classes, and complex sounds such as affricates, consonant-glide units, consonant-liquid units, contour tones, pre-nasalized stops, clicks, ejectives, and implosives.

Around the world, children embark on learning to read in their home language or writing system. But does their specific language, and how it is written, make a difference to how they learn? How is learning to read English similar to or different from learning in other languages? Is reading alphabetic writing a different challenge from reading syllabic or logographic writing? Learning to Read across Languages and Writing Systems examines these questions across seventeen languages representing the world's different major writing systems. Each chapter highlights the key features of a specific language, exploring research on learning to read, spell, and comprehend it, and on implications for education. The editors' introduction describes the global spread of reading and provides a theoretical framework, including operating principles for learning to read. The editors' final chapter draws conclusions about cross-linguistic universal trends, and the challenges posed by specific languages and writing systems.

A new, thought-provoking book on the theory of grammar and language processing, based on the analysis of authentic speech produced in real time. Drawing on insights from cognitive psychology, neurology and conversation analysis, the author offers a fascinating, easy-to-follow account of why spoken English is structured the way it is. The traditional product-based approach to grammar is given up in favour of a speaker-based, dynamic perspective that integrates language-structural, neurocognitive and dialogic aspects of speech production. Based on fresh empirical research Haselow argues that grammatical knowledge rests upon two cognitive principles of linearization called 'microgrammar' and 'macrogrammar', which are shown to interact in various ways. The book discusses a broad range of speech phenomena under an integrated framework, such as the omnipresence of 'unintegrated' constituents (e.g. discourse markers), ellipses, or the allegedly 'fragmented' character of syntax, and explains the mechanisms of processing efficiency that guide syntactic planning.

This volume contains detailed surveys of the intonational phonology of fourteen typologically diverse languages, described in the Autosegmental-Metrical framework. Unlike the first volume, half of the languages, which vary in their word prosody as well as their geographic distribution, are understudied languages or researched through fieldwork. All chapters provide the prosodic structure and intonational categories of the language as well as a description of focus prosody. The book concludes with a chapter on the methodology of studying intonation from data collection to analysis and a chapter which proposes a new way of characterizing the intonation of the world's languages. The sound files which accompany the descriptions are available on the book's companion website.

Auf Basis des Konzepts Graphotaktik entwickelt die Autorin eine Untersuchungsmethode, mit der sich das individuelle Korrespondenzverhalten von phonologischen Einheiten systematisch erforschen und flachendeckend offenlegen lasst. Dieses Konzept evaluiert die Idee, dass fur die geschriebene Sprache spezielle Regeln dafur gelten, wo bestimmte Einheiten auftreten koennen und wie beziehungsweise ob sie mit anderen verbunden werden durfen. Konzeptionell basiert das Verfahren auf der Annahme, dass sich das moegliche Auftreten von Verschriftlichungsvarianten fur ein Phonem jeweils nur auf bestimmte graphische Kontexte erstreckt. Praktisch findet der graphotaktische Analyseapparat Anwendung, indem die Autorin existente Korrespondenzbeziehungen einer lautlichen Einheit aus spezifischen graphischen Kontexten erfragt.

Why our use of language is highly creative yet also constrained We use words and phrases creatively to express ourselves in ever-changing contexts, readily extending language constructions in new ways. Yet native speakers also implicitly know when a creative and easily interpretable formulation-such as "Explain me this" or "She considered to go"-doesn't sound quite right. In this incisive book, Adele Goldberg explores how these creative but constrained language skills emerge from a combination of general cognitive mechanisms and experience. Shedding critical light on an enduring linguistic paradox, Goldberg demonstrates how words and abstract constructions are generalized and constrained in the same ways. When learning language, we record partially abstracted tokens of language within the high-dimensional conceptual space that is used when we speak or listen. Our implicit knowledge of language includes dimensions related to form, function, and social context. At the same time, abstract memory traces of linguistic usage-events cluster together on a subset of dimensions, with overlapping aspects strengthened via repetition. In this way, dynamic categories that correspond to words and abstract constructions emerge from partially overlapping memory traces, and as a result, distinct words and constructions compete with one another each time we select them to express our intended messages. While much of the research on this puzzle has favored semantic or functional explanations over statistical ones, Goldberg's approach stresses that both the functional and statistical aspects of constructions emerge from the same learning mechanisms.

Das Buch untersucht die Semantik der Substantivkomposita des Mittelhochdeutschen. Grundlage ist das Korpus des Projekts "Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik" von Th. Klein, K.-P. Wegera und H.-J. Solms. Der Autor bestimmt die aktuellen Bedeutungen der Belege in ihrem jeweiligen UEberlieferungskontext, der moeglichst vollstandig mitgeteilt wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die Wortbildungsbedeutungen der einzelnen Woerter angesetzt, die wiederum Grundlage der anschliessenden semantischen Klassifizierung der Komposita sind. Das Bindungsverhaltnis zwischen Grundwort und Bestimmungswort wird nach einem bereits fur die Gegenwartssprache erprobten Raster ermittelt.

Der Band vereint linguistische Analysen und Ergebnisse zum Beraten in verschiedensten Handlungsfeldern wie Medizin, Psychiatrie, Pflege, Recht, Schule und Hochschule, Weiterbildung, Coaching, Philosophische Praxis, Psychotherapie, Supervision, Soziale Arbeit, Grundung und Wirtschaft. Jedes Einzelkapitel bietet eine detaillierte Beschreibung eines Beratungsformates und seiner spezifischen sprachlich-kommunikativen Merkmale. Davon ausgehend wird eine gesprachslinguistische Typologie entwickelt, die den Facettenreichtum des Beratens anhand einer Merkmalsmatrix abbildet. Diese erlaubt, Typen von Beraten zu bestimmen, miteinander zu vergleichen und zu differenzieren. Damit liefert der Band auch wichtige theoretische und methodologische Impulse fur gesprachslinguistische Typologisierungsansatze.

Phonological Architecture bridges linguistic theory and the biological sciences, presenting a comprehensive view of phonology from a biological perspective. Its back-to-basics approach breaks phonology into primitive operations and representations and investigates their possible origins in cognitive abilities found throughout the animal kingdom.
Bridget Samuels opens the discussion by considering the general properties of the externalisation system in a theory-neutral manner, using animal cognition studies to identify which components of phonology may not be unique to humans and/or to language. She demonstrates, on the basis of behavioural and physiological studies on primates, songbirds, and a wide variety of other species, that the cognitive abilities underlying human phonological representations and operations are present in creatures other than Homo sapiens (even if not to the same degree) and in domains other than phonology or, indeed, language proper. The second, more linguistically technical half of the book explores what is necessarily unique about phonology. The author discusses the properties of the phonological module which are dictated by the interface requirements of the syntactic module of Universal Grammar as well as different components of the human sensory-motor system (ie audition, vision, and motor control). She proposes a repertoire of phonological representations and operations which are consistent with Universal Grammar and human cognitive evolution. She illustrates the application of these operations with analyses of representative phonological data such as vowel harmony, reduplication, and tone spreading patterns. Finally, the author addresses the issue of cross-linguistic and inter-speaker variation.

The Bloomsbury Companion To Phonetics is designed to be the essential one-volume resource. It gives an overview of key areas in phonetics. It offers a survey of current research areas and new directions in the field as well as featuring a manageable guide to beginning or developing research. The book gives readers practical guidance for study in the area. The volume covers all the most important issues, concepts, movements and approaches in the field, looking at both the core and applied domains of phonetics and speech science. It offers insights into areas as diverse as the acquisition, production and perception of speech, and clinical and forensic phonetics. There is a state of the art exploration of voice and phonation, tone and intonation, phonetic pedagogy, speech technology and phonetic universals.

This book explores the interaction of grammatical components in a wide variety of languages, and presents and exemplifies new experimental and analytic techniques for studying linguistic interfaces. Speaking a language requires access to the different aspects of its grammar -- semantic, syntactic, phonological, pragmatic, morphological, and phonetic. Knowing how these interact is crucial to understanding the operations of any specific language and to the explanation of how language in general operates in the mind. The new research presented here combines theoretical and experimental perspectives on one of the most productive fields in contemporary linguistics.
After the editors' introduction the volume is organized along four themes: the structural properties of sentences interfacing with meaning and the lexicon; internal word structure and its effect on the syntactic and phonological components; the syntax-phonology interface and its relation to the phonetics-phonology interface; and the implications of interfaces for language acquisition and language processing. The book will interest theoretical linguists and all those in linguistics and cognitive science working on the mental operations of language.

Die in diesem Band vereinigten Beitrage nehmen Bezug auf Forschungsgegenstande der Germanistik und angewandten Sprachwissenschaft, insbesondere der Morphologie, Syntax, Phraseologie, der Text- und Diskurslinguistik sowie der Translations- und Literaturwissenschaft. Die Autorinnen und Autoren wurdigen mit ihren Beitragen die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen der polnischen Germanistin und ehemaligen Prasidentin des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten Zofia Berdychowska, Professorin an der Jagiellonen-Universitat Krakow. Die Publikation erscheint anlasslich ihres 65. Geburtstages im Jahr 2016.

Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition of The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences provides an authoritative account of the key topics in both theoretical and applied areas of speech communication, written by an international team of leading scholars and practitioners. Combines new and influential research, along with articulate overviews of the key topics in theoretical and applied areas of speech communication Accessibly structured into five major sections covering: experimental phonetics; biological perspectives; modelling speech production and perception; linguistic phonetics; and speech technology Includes nine entirely new chapters on topics such as phonetic notation and sociophonetics, speech technology, biological perspectives, and prosody A streamlined and re-oriented structure brings all contributions up-to-date with the latest research, whilst maintaining the features that made the first edition so useful

In this book leading scholars address the issues surrounding the syntax-phonology interface. These principally concern whether the phonological component can influence syntax and if so how far and in what ways: such questions are a prominent component of current work on the biolinguistics of speech production and reception. The problematic relationship between syntax and phonology has long piqued the interest of syntacticians and phonologists: the connections between sound and structure have played a key role in generative grammar from its inception, initially relating to focus and the prosodic marking of constituent structure and more recently to word-order constraints. This book advances this work in a series of critical and interlinked presentations of the latest thinking and research. In doing so it draws on data from a wide range of languages, evidence from disordered language, and related work in language acquisition.

The pervasive use of dislocations (as in Le chocolat, c'est bon) is a key characteristic of spoken French. This book offers various new and well-motivated insights, based on tests conducted by the author, on the syntactic analysis, prosody, and the interpretation of dislocation in spoken French. It also considers important aspects of the acquisition of dislocation by monolingual children learning different French dialects.
The author argues that spoken French is a discourse-configurational language, in which topics are obligatorily dislocated. She develops a syntactically parsimonious account, which maximizes the import of interfaces involved with discourse and prosody. She proposes clear diagnostics, following a reexamination of the status of subject clitics and a reevaluation of the characteristic prosody of dislocated constituents. The theoretical arguments throughout the book rest on data that comes from corpora of spontaneous production and from various elitication experiments.
This book throws new light on French syntax and prosody and makes an important and original contribution to the study of linguistic interfaces. Clearly expressed and tightly argued, it will interest scholars and advanced students of French and of its acquisition as a first language as well as linguistic theorists interested in the interfaces between syntax, discourse, and phonology.

Dieses Buch liefert eine neue Erkenntnisperspektive zur Deutung und Untersuchung der Fachlexik. Grundlage dafur stellen die anthropozentrische Linguistik und der epistemologische Ansatz zur Semantik dar. Aus dieser Perspektive zeigt der Autor, wie Fachlexeme entstehen und was ihnen an Prinzipien, Motiven oder Prioritaten zugrunde gelegt wird, wenn daruber entschieden wird, ein bestimmtes Fachlexem zu konstruieren und dieses als Fachneologismus durchzusetzen. Die Untersuchung stutzt sich dabei auf eine empirische Studie zu Fachneologismen aus dem Fachgebiet "Byzantinische Hymnographie und Musik".

This book scrutinizes recent work in phonological theory from the perspective of Chomskyan generative linguistics and argues that progress in the field depends on taking seriously the idea that phonology is best studied as a mental computational system derived from an innate base, phonological Universal Grammar. Two simple problems of phonological analysis provide a frame for a variety of topics throughout the book. The competence-performance distinction and markedness theory are both addressed in some detail, especially with reference to phonological acquisition. Several aspects of Optimality Theory, including the use of Output-Output Correspondence, functionalist argumentation and dependence on typological justification are critiqued. The authors draw on their expertise in historical linguistics to argue that diachronic evidence is often mis-used to bolster phonological arguments, and they present a vision of the proper use of such evidence. Issues of general interest for cognitive scientists, such as whether categories are discrete and whether mental computation is probabilistic are also addressed. The book ends with concrete proposals to guide future phonological research.
The breadth and depth of the discussion, ranging from details of current analyses to the philosophical underpinnings of linguistic science, is presented in a direct style with as little recourse to technical language as possible.

Bis Anfang der 1990er Jahre war die Erforschung des Deutscherwerbs der Aserbaidschaner aus politisch-historischen Grunden ausschliesslich aus der Perspektive des Deutschen als Fremdsprache moeglich. Mit der Wende und der Migration der ehemaligen Sowjetburger, darunter auch Aserbaidschaner, in die BRD bekam Deutsch fur die aserbaidschanischen Einwanderer auch den Status des Deutschen als Zweitsprache. Die aus einem theoretischen und einem empirischen Teil bestehende Arbeit erforscht den Einfluss des Aserbaidschanischen als Muttersprache auf den Erwerb des Deutschen sowohl als Fremd- als auch Zweitsprache. Unter anderem geht sie der Frage nach, ob sich die Interferenzfehler der aserbaidschanischen Deutschlernenden beim gesteuerten und ungesteuerten Fremdsprachenerwerb voneinander sowohl qualitativ als auch quantitativ unterscheiden.

This book presents a comprehensive and critical overview of historical phonology as it stands today. Scholars from around the world consider and advance research in every aspect of the field. In doing so they demonstrate the continuing vitality and some continuing themes of one of the oldest sub-disciplines of linguistics. The book is divided into six parts. The first considers key current research questions, the early history of the field, and the structuralist context for work on segmental change. The second examines evidence and methods, including phonological reconstruction, typology, and computational and quantitative approaches. Part III looks at types of phonological change, including stress, tone, and morphophonological change. Part IV explores a series of controversial aspects within the field, including the effects of first language acquisition, the status of lexical diffusion and exceptionless change, and the role of individuals in innovation. Part V considers theoretical perspectives on phonological change, including those of evolutionary phonology and generative historical phonology. The final part examines sociolinguistic and exogenous factors in phonological change, including the study of change in real time, the role of second language acquisition, and loanword adaptation. The authors, who represent leading proponents of every theoretical perspective, consider phonological change over a wide range of the world's language families. The handbook is, in sum, a valuable resource for phonologists and historical linguists and a stimulating guide for their students.

This volume collects three decades of articles by the distinguished linguist Joan Bybee. Her articles essentially argue for the importance off frequency of use as a factor in the analysis and explanation of language structure. Her work has been very influential for a broad range of researchers in linguistics, particularly in discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, phonology, phonetics, and historical linguistics.

This book illustrates an approach to prosodic typology through descriptions of the intonation and the prosodic structure of thirteen typologically different languages based on the same theoretical framework, the 'autosegmental-metrical' model of intonational phonology, and the transcription system of prosody known as Tones and Break Indices (ToBI). It is the first book introducing the history and principles of this system and it covers European languages, Asian languages, an Australian aboriginal language, and an American Indian language. The book shows how languages and dialects are similar to or different from other languages or dialect varieties in terms of the prosodic structure, the intonational categories, and their realizations. This is the first book on intonation which is accompanied by a companion website hosting the sound files mentioned in each chapter.

Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung ist die Ermittlung und Beschreibung des Bestandes der mittelhochdeutschen Subjunktionen auf der Grundlage eines handschriftentreuen Textkorpus. Die Autorin analysiert und beschreibt die Funktionen der Subjunktionen, ihre Verteilung in Sprachraum, Zeit und Textart sowie ihre Herkunft und Entwicklung. So kann sie aufzeigen, welche der Subjunktionen absterben und welche neu aufkommen, wo es zu funktionalen Verschiebungen kommt und welche regionalen Unterschiede bei den Subjunktionen im Korpus beobachtbar sind.

La ricerca sistematizza le modalita di presentazione del sapere specialistico in linguistica. Si esplorano le forme del saggio e dell'articolo nelle riviste linguistiche moderne. La metodologia applicata combina la retorica con l'analisi dei generi del discorso. Le categorie retoriche dei genera dicendi, nonche quelle dell'inventio, della dispositio e dell'elocutio permettono di individuare regolarita, funzionali a diversi tipi di ricerche linguistiche. L'esemplificazione illustra come i linguisti elaborano il sapere disciplinare, costruendo descrizioni, analisi, interpretazioni, spiegazioni e predizioni. Il modello proposto offre criteri sistematici di segmentazione dei testi in parti funzionali. Permette inoltre di individuare le forme ibride dei generi del discorso.