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This book explores norm and anomaly in various contemporary Anglophone linguistic, didactic, literary and cultural studies. The authors provide an international forum for the discussion and exchange of ideas. They analyze, among others, humour in comics and sitcom discourse, riddles and their linguistic properties, idiomaticity in language teaching. They also set their focus on issues like the uses of antipassive-like and extraposed constructions, as well as problems related to order and chaos, expression and repression, autonomy and oppression, harmony and discord in modern and contemporary British and US literature and culture.

Over the past twenty years or so, the work on Japanese within generative grammar has shifted from primarily using contemporary theory to describe Japanese to contributing directly to general theory, on top of producing extensive analyses of the language. The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Linguistics captures the excitement that comes from answering the question, "What can Japanese say about Universal Grammar?" Each of the eighteen chapters takes up a topic in syntax, morphology, acquisition, processing, phonology, or information structure, and, first of all, lays out the core data, followed by critical discussion of the various approaches found in the literature. Each chapter ends with a section on how the study of the particular phenomenon in Japanese contributes to our knowledge of general linguistic theory. This book will be useful to students and scholars of linguistics who are interested in the latest studies on one of the most extensively studied languages within generative grammar.

Die Forschung zu Diagnostik und Behandlung von Dysphagien verschiedenster Stoerungsbilder bei Erwachsenen und Kindern hat in Deutschland in den letzten zwanzig Jahren deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der Arbeitskreis Dysphagie Ostwestfalen-Lippe in Kooperation mit dem Studiengang der Klinischen Linguistik an der Universitat Bielefeld befasst sich im Rahmen einer zweijahrig stattfindenden Tagung speziell mit aktuellen Fragen dieser Thematik. Der vorliegende Band diskutiert aktuelle Forschungsfragen und Ergebnisse aus Diagnostik und Therapie.

This volume explores the nature of ellipsis, the core phenomenon that results in various types of omission in sentences. The chapters adopt the popular 'silent structure' accounts of ellipsis, and investigate the question of when linguistic material becomes silenced during the derivation and realization of syntactic structure. The book begins with a detailed introduction from the editors that outlines the current generative syntactic approaches to the derivational timing of ellipsis. In the chapters that follow, internationally-recognized experts in the field address key topics including structure building, the architecture of grammar, the interaction of distinct modules with syntax, the order of operations in the post-syntactic component, and constraints on binding relations. The authors also present novel arguments for and against the derivational approaches to ellipsis, the licensing of ellipsis, and phonological constraints on elliptical sentences. The findings, based on data from English and other languages such as Armenian, Italo-Romance, Ossetic, Spanish, Taiwanese, and Turkish, facilitate a deeper understanding of the interaction between syntax and the neighbouring modules in the formation of elliptical utterances.

Spelling matters to people. In America and Britain every day, members of the public write to the media on spelling issues, and take part in spelling contests. In Germany, a reform of the spelling system has provoked a constitutional crisis; in Galicia, a 'war of orthographies' parallels an intense public debate on national identity; on walls, bridges and trains globally, PUNX and ANARKISTS proclaim their identities orthographically. The way we spell often represents an attempt to associate with, or dissociate from, other languages. In Spelling and Society, Mark Sebba explores why matters of orthography are of real concern to so many groups, as a reflection of culture, history and social practices, and as a powerful symbol of national or local identity. This 2007 book will be welcomed by students and researchers in English language, orthography and sociolinguistics, and by anyone interested in the importance of spelling in contemporary society.

This volume is the first to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive history of phonology from the earliest known examples of phonological thinking, through the rise of phonology as a field in the twentieth century, and up to the most recent advances. The volume is divided into five parts. Part I offers an account of writing systems along with chapters exploring the great ancient and medieval intellectual traditions of phonological thought that form the foundation of later thinking and continue to enrich phonological theory. Chapters in Part II describe the important schools and individuals of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who shaped phonology as an organized scientific field. Part III examines mid-twentieth century developments in phonology in the Soviet Union, Northern and Western Europe, and North America; it continues with precursors to generative grammar, and culminates in a chapter on Chomsky and Halle's The Sound Pattern of English (SPE). Part IV then shows how phonological theorists responded to SPE with respect to derivations, representations, and phonology-morphology interaction. Theories discussed include Dependency Phonology, Government Phonology, Constraint-and-Repair theories, and Optimality Theory. The part ends with a chapter on the study of variation. Finally, chapters in Part V look at new methods and approaches, covering phonetic explanation, corpora and phonological analysis, probabilistic phonology, computational modelling, models of phonological learning, and the evolution of phonology. This in-depth exploration of the history of phonology provides new perspectives on where phonology has been and sheds light on where it could go next.

What roles do the speaker and the listener play in communication processes? Providing an overall system view, this innovative textbook explains how those working in the area think about speech. Emphasising contextual and environmental perspectives, Tatham and Morton lead you through classical and modern phonetics alongside discussion of cognitive and biological aspects of speech. In explaining speech production-for-perception and the relationship between phonology and phonetics, this book shows the possible applications (such as language teaching, clinical practice, and speech technology) and how these are relevant to other disciplines, including sociolinguistics, cognitive neuroscience, psychology and speech acoustics. Key Features * Definition and Explanation boxes throughout the text to help you understand key terms and concepts * Tutorial sections in each chapter provide opportunities for you to expand or reinforce your learning * Encourages you to develop understanding of theoretical applications through explanation of traditional and contemporary theories * Evaluation sections enable you to compare the pros and cons of competing theories

The processes of gemination, lenition, and vowel lengthening are central to the study of phonology, as they reveal much about the treatment of quantity in a given language. Using data from older language stages, modern dialects and standard languages, this study examines the interdependence of vowel and consonant quantity in the history of the Germanic branch of Indo-European. Kurt Goblirsch focusses on the various geminations in Old Germanic languages (West Germanic gemination, glide strengthening, and expressive gemination), open syllable lengthening in German, Dutch, Frisian, English, and Scandinavian languages, and the major lenitions in High German, Low German, and Danish, as well as minor lenitions in Bavarian, Franconian, and Frisian dialects. All of these changes are related to the development of the Germanic languages from distinctive segmental length to complementary length to syllable cut. The discussion challenges traditional theoretical assumptions about quantity change in Germanic languages to argue for a new account whereby, gemination, lenition, and vowel lengthening are interrelated.

This volume provides a broad introduction to Chinese linguistics, offering an accessible synthesis of the most relevant topics in the field. Despite the steady growth in interest in Chinese linguistics in recent years, this is one of very few books at introductory level written for a Western audience. The authors begin by outlining the history and typology of the Sinitic languages and the writing system of Chinese before moving on to discuss key topics in phonology, morphology and the lexicon, and syntax. Throughout the book, they incorporate and discuss examples from standard and non-standard varieties of Sinitic, and include new research on topics such as dialect writing, subjecthood, and word formation. The book will be a valuable reference both for researchers and scholars in the field of China studies and for linguists, including those with little or no previous knowledge of Chinese.

Oscan was spoken in Southern Italy in the second half of the first millennium BC. Here, for the first time, all the evidence for the spelling of Oscan in the Greek alphabet is collected and examined. Understanding the orthography of these inscriptions has far-reaching implications for the historical phonology and morphology of Oscan and the Italic languages (for example providing unique evidence for the reconstruction of the genitive plural). A striking discovery is the lack of a standardised orthography for Oscan in the Greek alphabet, which seriously problematises attempts to date inscriptions by assuming the consistent chronological development of spelling features. There are also intriguing insights into the linguistic situation in South Italy. Rather than a separate community of Oscan-speakers who had adopted and subsequently adapted the Greek alphabet in isolation, we should posit groups who were in touch with contemporary developments in Greek orthography due to widespread Greek-Oscan bilingualism.

This book is a general introduction to the structures of the different medieval Romance vernaculars most commonly known as Old or Medieval Spanish, as preserved in texts from Spain from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries. After discussing general methodological questions concerning the description and analysis of an earlier historical stage of a modern language, the individual chapters in the first part of the book describe the orthography, phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary of medieval Hispano-Romance. Steven N. Dworkin offers the first systematic description of the language in English, and compares its structures with those found in the modern variety. In the second part of the book, the features of medieval Hispano-Romance are exemplified in an anthology of selected texts, one from each of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries, accompanied by linguistic commentary. The volume will be of interest to scholars and students of Romance linguistics, Spanish historical linguistics, and Spanish medieval literary and cultural studies.

This volume is the first to explore the formal linguistic expressions of emotions at different levels of linguistic complexity. Research on the language-emotion interface has to date concentrated primarily on the conceptual dimension of emotions as expressed via language, with semantic and pragmatic studies dominating the field. The chapters in this book, in contrast, bring together work from different linguistic frameworks: generative syntax, functional and usage-based linguistics, formal semantics and pragmatics, and experimental phonology. The volume contributes to the growing field of research that explores the interaction between linguistic expressions and the 'expressive dimension' of language, and will be of interest to linguists from a range of theoretical backgrounds who are interested in the language-emotion interface.

Sociophonetics - the interface of sociolinguistics and phonetics - is a field that has expanded rapidly in recent years. A subject that requires both methodological and theoretical assessment for study, sociophonetics has never before been presented in a way that ties these fundamental strands together so successfully.
This comprehensive and user friendly introduction seamlessly marries the dual cores of sociophonetics into one accessible text.
In a methodical and structured approach, "Sociophonetics: An Introduction"
* Provides detailed analysis of phonetic variables, discussing consonants, vowels, prosody and voice quality
* Includes clear and thorough explanations of how to measure linguistic phenomena and conduct acoustic analyses and perception experiments
* Contains almost 200 illustrations of phonetic processes and 'field marks' for the examination of sociolinguistic variables
* Covers a variety of theoretical approaches, including exemplar theory and cognitive sociolinguistics
* Examines, through theoretical issues, how sociolinguistics, phonetics and cognitive linguistics are linked
Thomas' innovative and friendly introduction to sociophonetics presents both a guide for advanced beginners as well as a basis for further development of professional research.

Este libro ofrece una introduccion a la diversidad linguistica del mundo hispano. Viajamos de manera virtual desde Espana a America para conocer los principales rasgos linguisticos de cada region y pais. En cada capitulo, el lector puede aprender sobre la pronunciacion, la gramatica, algunas palabras tipicas y todo lo que hace, linguisticamente hablando, diferente a cada pais hispano. Generalmente, el espanol se ve como una sola entidad, destacandose mayormente el espanol de Espana, y olvidandose de la enorme riqueza linguistica que ofrece cada pais y region hispana. Asimismo, en este libro introducimos algunos terminos basicos del estudio de la variacion linguistica, la dialectologia y la sociolinguistica. Ademas de la parte teorica, este libro incluye una variedad de ejercicios practicos e informacion sobre recursos adicionales disponibles en la red. Esta escrito en un espanol apropiado para hablantes de espanol intermedio alto, avanzado o superior (idealmente de tercer ano de carrera en EE. UU.) y para aquellos con o sin conocimientos previos de linguistica.Este libro es el perfecto companero de viaje a Espana o cualquier pais de Hispanoamerica.

"Spanish Phonology and Morphology" serves as an introduction to both the formal study of Spanish phonology and the framework of generative phonology.

Este libro ofrece una introduccion a la diversidad linguistica del mundo hispano. Viajamos de manera virtual desde Espana a America para conocer los principales rasgos linguisticos de cada region y pais. En cada capitulo, el lector puede aprender sobre la pronunciacion, la gramatica, algunas palabras tipicas y todo lo que hace, linguisticamente hablando, diferente a cada pais hispano. Generalmente, el espanol se ve como una sola entidad, destacandose mayormente el espanol de Espana, y olvidandose de la enorme riqueza linguistica que ofrece cada pais y region hispana. Asimismo, en este libro introducimos algunos terminos basicos del estudio de la variacion linguistica, la dialectologia y la sociolinguistica. Ademas de la parte teorica, este libro incluye una variedad de ejercicios practicos e informacion sobre recursos adicionales disponibles en la red. Esta escrito en un espanol apropiado para hablantes de espanol intermedio alto, avanzado o superior (idealmente de tercer ano de carrera en EE. UU.) y para aquellos con o sin conocimientos previos de linguistica.Este libro es el perfecto companero de viaje a Espana o cualquier pais de Hispanoamerica.

This handbook presents detailed accounts of current research in all aspects of language prosody, written by leading experts from different disciplines. The last four decades have seen major theoretical and empirical breakthroughs in the field, many of them informed by interdisciplinary approaches, as reflected in this volume. Following an introductory section covering the fundamentals of language prosody research, Parts II and III trace out the position of prosody in linguistic structure and explore prosody in speech perception and production. Part IV provides overviews of prosodic systems across the world, with case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia and the Pacific, and the Americas. The chapters in Parts V, VI, and VII investigate prosody in communication, in language processing, and in language acquisition, while Part VIII examines prosody in technology and the arts. The volume's comprehensive coverage and multidisciplinary perspectives will make it an invaluable resource for all researchers, students, and practitioners interested in prosody.

El objetivo de este libro es el analisis semantico-formal del componente morfologico de la lengua espanola. Para ello se ha recurrido a la semantica europea de Benveniste, Hjelmslev, Coseriu, etc. Siguiendo sus principios metodologicos, se han logrado establecer en este libro las principales oposiciones semanticas del sistema morfologico espanol, el significado invariante de cada una de sus unidades y sus particulares campos de uso.

Die Autorin untersucht den seit Jakob Grimm in der Forschung diskutierten Gegenstand der Paarformel anhand der spatmittelalterlich-fruhneuzeitlichen Textsorte der Stadtrechtsbucher. Sie behandelt 20 Texte, die sich auf den gesamten deutschen Sprachraum verteilen und den Zeitraum vom 13.-15. Jahrhundert abdecken. Die Analyse ist nach sehr weit gefassten modernen Rechtsbegriffen wie "naturliche Person" oder "Koerperverletzung" strukturiert, die jenseits ihrer historischen Andersartigkeit als Grundtatsachen des menschlichen Lebens gelten koennen. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass Paarformeln als Mittel zur Erfassung rechtsrelevanter Begrifflichkeiten dienen, berucksichtigt die Autorin neben Verwendung und Bedeutung auch die Funktion von Paarformeln im jeweiligen Kontext.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of current research in African languages, drawing on insights from anthropological linguistics, typology, historical and comparative linguistics, and sociolinguistics. Africa is believed to host at least one third of the world's languages, usually classified into four phyla - Niger-Congo, Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, and Khoisan - which are then subdivided into further families and subgroupings. This volume explores all aspects of research in the field, beginning with chapters that cover the major domains of grammar and comparative approaches. Later parts provide overviews of the phyla and subfamilies, alongside grammatical sketches of eighteen representative African languages of diverse genetic affiliation. The volume additionally explores multiple other topics relating to African languages and linguistics, with a particular focus on extralinguistic issues: language, cognition, and culture, including colour terminology and conversation analysis; language and society, including language contact and endangerment; language and history; and language and orature. This wide-ranging handbook will be a valuable reference for scholars and students in all areas of African linguistics and anthropology, and for anyone interested in descriptive, documentary, typological, and comparative linguistics.

In this volume, Ray Jackendoff and Jenny Audring embark on a major reconceptualization of linguistic theory as seen through the lens of morphology. Their approach, Relational Morphology, extends the Parallel Architecture developed by Jackendoff in Foundations of Language (2002), Simpler Syntax (2005), and Meaning and the Lexicon (2010). The framework integrates morphology into the overall architecture of language, enabling it to interact insightfully with phonology, syntax, semantics, and above all, the lexicon. The first part of the book situates morphology in the language faculty, and introduces a novel formalism that unifies the treatment of all morphological patterns, inflectional or derivational, systematic or marginal. Central to the theory is the lexicon, which both incorporates the rules of grammar and explicitly encodes relationships among words and among grammatical patterns. Part II puts the theory to the test, applying it to a wide range of familiar and less familiar morphological phenomena. Part III connects Relational Morphology with issues of language processing and language acquisition, and shows how its formal tools can be extended to a variety of linguistic and nonlinguistic phenomena outside morphology. The value of Relational Morphology thus lies not only in the fact that it can account for a range of morphological phenomena, but also in how it integrates linguistic theory, psycholinguistics, and human cognition.

Using an innovative approach, this book focuses on a widely debated area of phonetics and phonology: intonation, and specifically its relation to metrics, its interface with syntax, and whether it can be attributed more to phonetics or phonology, or equally to both. Drawing on data from six Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan and Romanian), whose rich intonation patterns have long been of interest to linguists, Philippe Martin challenges the assumptions of traditional phonological approaches, and re-evaluates the data in favour of a new usage-based model of intonation. He proposes a unified description of the sentence prosodic structure, focusing on the dynamic and cognitive aspects of both production and perception of intonation in speech, leading to a unified grammar of Romance languages' sentence intonation. This book will be welcomed by researchers and advanced students in phonetics and phonology.