This accessible textbook provides a clear and practical introduction to phonetics, the study of speech. Assuming no prior knowledge of the topic, it introduces students to the fundamental concepts in phonetic science, and equips them with the essential skills needed for recognizing, describing and transcribing a range of speech sounds. Numerous graded exercises enable students to put these skills into practice, and the sounds introduced are clearly illustrated with examples from a variety of English accents and other languages. As well as looking at traditional articulatory description, the book introduces acoustic and other instrumental techniques for analysing speech, and covers topics such as speech and writing, the nature of transcription, hearing and speech perception, linguistic universals, and the basic concepts of phonology. Providing a solid foundation in phonetics, Introducing Phonetic Science will be invaluable to all students beginning courses in linguistics, speech sciences, language pathology and language therapy. Further exercises will be available on an accompanying website.

"Word Identification Strategies: Building Phonics into a Classroom Reading Program, Fifth Edition," gives pre- and in-service teachers essential information for planning and implementing effective word identification in elementary classroom reading programs-plus the tools to carry it out.

Trotz der langen Tradition und ihrer zentralen Rolle in der Grammatikschreibung gelten Wort und Wortarten als problematische Einheiten. Die Autorin greift die Kategorien umfassend auf und strebt eine Neuperspektivierung der Klassifikationen mit Berucksichtigung der gesprochenen Sprache an. Als Grundlage fur dieses Vorhaben ist die Erarbeitung der Basis unentbehrlich. Ausgehend von den Merkmalen der konzeptionellen Mundlichkeit erarbeitet die Autorin die inhaltlichen Merkmale des Wortes aus der Sicht der gesprochenen Sprache und sucht die formale Realisierung zur Inhaltsseite. Sie zeigt, dass vieles, was man mit dem traditionellen Wortbegriff assoziiert, bei diesem Identifikationsprozess ausgeblendet werden muss.

The question of complexity, as in what makes one language more 'complex' than another, is a long-established topic of debate amongst linguists. Recently, this issue has been complemented with the view that languages are complex adaptive systems, in which emergence and self-organization play major roles. However, few students of the phenomenon have gone beyond the basic assessment of the number of units and rules in a language (what has been characterized as 'bit complexity') or shown some familiarity with the science of complexity. This book reveals how much can be learned by overcoming these limitations, especially by adopting developmental and evolutionary perspectives. The contributors include specialists of language acquisition, evolution and ecology, grammaticization, phonology, and modeling, all of whom approach languages as dynamical, emergent, and adaptive complex systems.

Das Buch prasentiert einen Gesamtblick auf die Getrennt- und Zusammenschreibung im Deutschen von 1700-1900. Dazu hat Susan Herpel ein Analyseraster erarbeitet, das alle Wortartenbereiche einschliesst. Dieses dient der Untersuchung der Getrennt-, Bindestrich- und Zusammenschreibung in orthographischen Regelwerken sowie Grammatiken und in Gebrauchstexten des Deutschen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Die Ergebnisse setzt die Autorin zueinander und zur heute gultigen Orthographie in Relation. Entwicklungslinien der GZS werden so fur alle Wortartenbereiche fur die Zeit von 1700-1900 prazise beschrieben. Tabellarische UEbersichten, die den zeitgenoessischen Schreibgebrauch durch die Aufnahme aller fur die GZS relevanten Textbelege dokumentieren, koennen ausserdem online abgerufen werden.

Die Autoren untersuchen offene Probleme phraseologischer Abgrenzungen und konzentrieren sich auf sprach- und textvergleichende Ansatze. Phraseologie ist ein Forschungsfeld, das standig erweitert und erneuert wird, sowohl bezuglich des Gegenstandsbereichs, der Untersuchungsmethoden und Zugange als auch hinsichtlich der angestrebten Anwendungsbereiche der erzielten Ergebnisse. Die Beitrage in diesem Buch wie auch in Band II sind das Ergebnis eines internationalen Austausches zum Thema "Phraseologie als Schnittstelle von Lexik, Grammatik, Pragmatik und Kultur", organisiert an der Jagiellonen-Universitat Krakow.

Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung ist die spezifische Auspragung des Stimmhaftigkeitskontrastes deutscher Plosive beim Flustern als einem Sprechmodus, der durch das Fehlen von Stimmton gekennzeichnet ist. Anhand akustischer Daten sieben deutscher Sprecher werden temporale Korrelate des Stimmhaftigkeitskontrastes - Aspirationsdauer, Verschlussdauer und Dauer des vorangehenden Vokals - vergleichend fur geflusterte und normal gesprochene Plosive untersucht. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass die Auspragung dieser Korrelate weder durch den Stimmtonverlust beim Flustern beeintrachtigt noch im Sinne einer flusterspezifischen Kompensationsstrategie programmatisch verstarkt wird. Dieses Ergebnis geht konform mit den fur das Deutsche spezifizierten phonologischen Konzeptionen des Stimmhaftigkeitskontrastes als einer Gespanntheitsopposition.

Word stress has long presented challenges to phonologists, as they have sought to uncover patterns in its distribution, and devise models to account for its behaviour and formal representation both within single languages and cross-linguistically. In this collection, a team of world-renowned researchers present a variety of viewpoints on the methods and problems involved. Offering fresh perspectives on the topic and its study, this book is specifically concerned with basing theoretical work on broad typological surveys and focuses on the collection, selection and use of data in the analysis of word stress and word rhythm, including their phonetic manifestations. An extensive introduction presents a state-of-the-art review of stress research. The contributors also present StressTyp2, a project in an advanced stage of development, which intends to make publicly available information on word stress in a broad sample of languages and will offer new ways of understanding this key research area.

Using an innovative approach, this book focuses on a widely debated area of phonetics and phonology: intonation, and specifically its relation to metrics, its interface with syntax, and whether it can be attributed more to phonetics or phonology, or equally to both. Drawing on data from six Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan and Romanian), whose rich intonation patterns have long been of interest to linguists, Philippe Martin challenges the assumptions of traditional phonological approaches, and re-evaluates the data in favour of a new usage-based model of intonation. He proposes a unified description of the sentence prosodic structure, focusing on the dynamic and cognitive aspects of both production and perception of intonation in speech, leading to a unified grammar of Romance languages' sentence intonation. This book will be welcomed by researchers and advanced students in phonetics and phonology.

Giovanni Pontano, who adopted the academic sobriquet "Gioviano," was prime minister to several kings of Naples and the most important Neapolitan humanist of the quattrocento. Best known today as a Latin poet, he also composed dialogues depicting the intellectual life of the humanist academy of which he was the head, and, late in life, a number of moral essays that became his most popular prose works. The De sermone (On Speech), translated into English here for the first time, aims to provide a moral anatomy, following Aristotelian principles, of various aspects of speech such as truthfulness and deception, flattery, gossip, loquacity, calumny, mercantile bargaining, irony, wit, and ridicule. In each type of speech, Pontano tries to identify what should count as the virtuous mean, that which identifies the speaker as a person of education, taste, and moral probity.

In this book, some of today's leading neurolinguists and psycholinguists provide insight into the nature of phonological processing using behavioural measures, computational modeling, EEG and fMRI. The essays cover a range of topics including categorization, acoustic variability and invariance, underspecification, talker-specificity and machine learning, focusing on the acoustics, perception, acquisition and neural representation of speech.

The English language has undergone many sound changes in its long history. Some of these changes had a profound effect on the pronunciation of the language. A number of these significant instances of language evolution are generally grouped together and termed the 'Great Vowel Shift'. These changes are generally considered to be unrelated to other, similar long-vowel changes taking place a little earlier. This book assesses an extensive range of irregular Middle English spellings for all these changes, with a view to identifying the real course of events: the dates, the chronology, and the dialects that stand out as being innovative. Using empirical evidence to offer a fresh perspective and drawing new, convincing conclusions, Stenbrenden offers an interpretation of the history of the English language which may change our view of sound change completely.

Is Your Voice Telling on You? How to Find and Use Your Natural Voice, Third Edition is designed to help the reader find and use his or her natural voice and appreciate the effect of emotions on voice. It is also a useful tool for both vocal coaches and speech-language pathologist who work with patients with voice disorders. The reader will find that some emotions heard in our voices, such as anger or fear, can be reduced or eliminated by making some simple vocal changes.This user-friendly third edition includes self-tests and vocal exercises and addresses various topics: practical methods for increasing breath control with specific guidelines for increasing loudness and voice projection, voice management tips for women who have high demands on their voice, steps for increasing the friendliness of one's voice, exercises that increase voice efficiently with sharper voice focus, and biological and environmental tips to help professional voice users maintain optimal voicing under difficult demanding conditions.New features include:*Voice changes to hide negative emotions*Tips to increase the friendliness of one's voice*Techniques for a more masculine or feminine voice*Recommendations for recovering from the tired voice*Management practices for people who have high voice demands (such as teachers and sales people)*Ten steps for finding and keeping the voice you want and need

This volume provides the most comprehensive treatment of phonological weight to date, bringing together traditional notions of categorical, rime-based weight and new developments in statistical prosodic phonology. The book demonstrates that while some systems treat weight as a simple (heavy vs. light) distinction, others treat it as a rich continuum of heaviness. Following an introduction to weight-sensitive systems in phonology, Kevin Ryan explores the range of phenomena that interact with prosodic weight. Chapters examine the analysis of scales in terms of prominence rather than moraic coercion; prosodic minimality in the context of larger prosodic constituents; syllable weight in metrics; and the relationship between prosodic end-weight and stress. Throughout, the analysis is based on a survey of weight systems both within and across the world's languages, which yields a number of valuable generalizations and points towards a universal theory of weight in human language.

Speech is the most effective medium humans use to exchange and transmit knowledge, ideas and experiences. It exists physiologically as neural and muscular activity, and subsequent articulatory, acoustic and auditory events, and as an abstract, rule-governed system at the psychological level. Together, both levels produce communication by speech. To appreciate speech and its communicative function, all of its characteristics must be understood. This book offers the most comprehensive and accessible coverage of the three areas of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory or speech perception. Students without a linguistics background can be daunted by phonetics, so clear language is used to define linguistics and phonetics concepts with examples and illustrations to ensure understanding. Furthermore, each chapter concludes with comprehension exercises to reinforce understanding. Online exercises and recordings of speech stimuli from various languages provide additional opportunity to hone perception, production, phonetic transcription skills and acoustic analysis measurement practice.

This book conducts a thorough investigation of the variation in tone sandhi patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu using quantitative rating experiments. Although Shanghai Wu has been well documented, to date there has never been any quantitative study that systematically investigates the factors that influence variability - a research gap this book fills. Further, Wuxi Wu is investigated as an additional case that demonstrates the unique phonological nature of tone sandhi, and how it changes how speakers learn and internalize the variable tone sandhi pattern. The findings presented here will shed new light on important issues of wordhood, the interface of morphosyntax and phonology, and the formal model of variability in phonology.

A proper understanding of intelligibility is at the heart of effective pronunciation teaching, and with it, successful teaching of speaking and listening. Far from being an optional 'add-it-on-if-we-have-time' language feature, pronunciation is essential because of its tremendous impact on speech intelligibility. Pronunciation dramatically affects the ability of language learners to make themselves understood and to understand the speech of others. But not all elements of pronunciation are equally important. Some affect intelligibility a great deal, while others do not. With a strong emphasis on classroom practice and how pronunciation teaching can be more effectively approached in different teaching contexts, this book provides an important resource for pronunciation researchers, with a distinctly practical focus. It shows how intelligibility research informs pronunciation teaching within communicative classrooms, enabling language teachers to incorporate intelligibility findings into their teaching. Professionals interested in oral communication, pronunciation, and speech perception will find the book fascinating.

This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of intonation and prosodic structure. Taking a phonological perspective, it shows how morpho-syntactic constituents are mapped to prosodic constituents according to well-formedness conditions. Using a tone-sequence model of intonation, it explores individual tones and how they combine, and discusses how information structure affects intonation in several ways, showing tones and melodies to be 'meaningful' in that they add a pragmatic component to what is being said. The author also shows how, despite a superficial similarity, languages differ in how their tonal patterns arise from tone concatenation. Lexical tones, stress, phrase tones, and boundary tones are assigned differently in different languages, resulting in great variation in intonational grammar, both at the lexical and sentential level. The last chapter is dedicated to experimental studies of how we process prosody. The book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in linguistics, and particularly in phonological theory.

The subject of the volume is the presentation of a cognitively oriented model of the generation of prosodic features and constituents and their computer-linguistic implementation in the framework of a language production system. The study develops feature-based representations for prosodic features, constituents, and rules (e.g. focus-accent imaging, tonal planning). Prosodic processes are specified generating prosodic features and structures with relation to semantic, syntactic, lexical, and phonological knowledge and mapping them onto phonetic parameters. Based on psycholinguistic findings, prosodic processes are allocated to different levels of language production.

This textbook introduces the reader to the field of phonology, from allophones to faithfulness and exemplars. It assumes no prior knowledge of the field, and includes a brief review chapter on phonetics. It is written within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics, but covers a wide range of historical and contemporary theories, from the Prague School to Optimality Theory. While many examples are based on American and British English, there are also discussions of some aspects of French and German colloquial speech and phonological analysis problems from many other languages around the world. In addition to the basics of phoneme theory, features, and morphophonemics there are chapters on casual speech, first and second language acquisition and historical change. A final chapter covers a number of issues in contemporary phonological theory, including some of the classic debates in Generative Phonology (rule ordering, abstractness, derivationalism ) and proposals for usage-based phonologies.

Das Buch prasentiert Forschungsergebnisse zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache in Polen sowie in Mittel- und Osteuropa. Die Autoren untersuchen anhand historischer Texte die Siedlungsorte von Deutschen wahrend der Ostkolonisation und die Wanderungsbewegung, die bereits im Mittelalter einsetzte. Die Bandbreite der analysierten Texte reicht dabei von mittelalterlichen Dokumenten des ausgehenden 14. Jahrhunderts uber Briefe aus dem 16. und 17. Jahrhundert, bis zur kritisch betrachteten Reiseliteratur des 20. Jahrhunderts. Fur die Betrachtung vergangener Lebensumstande dient die fixierte Sprache den Beitragern als Spiegel der Geschichte dieser Regionen und der Geschichte Europas.

Dieser Band vereint Beitrage aus der GAL-Sektion "Grammatik und Grammatikographie", die seit 2008 regelmassig tagt. Die Kapitel geben einen UEberblick uber aktuelle Themen in der angewandten Grammatikforschung. Sie zeigen den Einsatz und die Rolle von Korpora in der Erforschung grammatischer Konstruktionen auf, sammeln Erkenntnisse uber den Erwerb von grammatischem Wissen in Erst-, Zweit- und Fremdsprache (inklusive sprachdidaktischer Ausblicke) und eroeffnen eine Diskussion zu moeglichen Schnittstellen von Lexik und Grammatik. In diesem Kontext eroertert ein Teil der Beitrage, welche Konsequenzen die in konstruktionsgrammatischen Ansatzen postulierte Aufhebung einer klaren Dichotomie zwischen Lexikon und Grammatik fur die Woerterbuch- und Grammatikschreibung hat, beziehungsweise wie und in welchem Umfang grammatische Informationen in Referenzwerken reprasentiert werden sollten.

Mundliche Kompetenz ist eine Schlusselqualifikation fur soziale und berufliche Kompetenz. Zu kooperieren, im Team zu handeln setzt voraus, sich zu verstandigen, sich anderen uberzeugend verstandlich zu machen. Grundlage dafur ist die Ausbildung der Fahigkeit, sich zielgerichtet, differenziert, uberzeugend und normorientiert zu aussern sowie berufsspezifische stimmliche und sprecherische Belastungen situations- und funktionsgerecht zu bewaltigen. Zielgruppen des Bandes sind Studierende mit stimm- und sprechintensiven Berufszielen, vor allem Lehramtsstudierende, sowie Personen, die ihre stimmlichen und sprecherischen Fahigkeiten entwickeln moechten. Einer Einfuhrung zu den Grundlagen, zum Gegenstand und den Teilgebieten des Faches schliessen sich praxisorientierte Schwerpunkte an: Atmung, Stimme, Standardaussprache, Stoerungen des Sprechprozesses, Sprechgestaltung, Rede- und Gesprachsrhetorik. UEbungen und Arbeitsblatter erganzen die jeweiligen Kapitel.