Is Your Voice Telling on You? How to Find and Use Your Natural Voice, Third Edition is designed to help the reader find and use his or her natural voice and appreciate the effect of emotions on voice. It is also a useful tool for both vocal coaches and speech-language pathologist who work with patients with voice disorders. The reader will find that some emotions heard in our voices, such as anger or fear, can be reduced or eliminated by making some simple vocal changes.This user-friendly third edition includes self-tests and vocal exercises and addresses various topics: practical methods for increasing breath control with specific guidelines for increasing loudness and voice projection, voice management tips for women who have high demands on their voice, steps for increasing the friendliness of one's voice, exercises that increase voice efficiently with sharper voice focus, and biological and environmental tips to help professional voice users maintain optimal voicing under difficult demanding conditions.New features include:*Voice changes to hide negative emotions*Tips to increase the friendliness of one's voice*Techniques for a more masculine or feminine voice*Recommendations for recovering from the tired voice*Management practices for people who have high voice demands (such as teachers and sales people)*Ten steps for finding and keeping the voice you want and need

This volume discusses all phonetic aspects of speech production: the articulatory apparatus and the way it is controlled, measurement and modeling of articulatory movements, segmental and prosodic aspects of articulation control. In addition, the author proposes a complete phonetic model of speech production proceeding from the level of articulation planning for utterances and charting the generation of articulatory movements, vocal tract geometries and acoustic speech signals.

Although the illustrative material is drawn principally from English, general points are illustrated with a variety of languages to provide a new perspective on a confused and often controversial field of study.

En esta obra se analiza la realizacion informativa, sintactica y entonativa de un tipo de acto de habla especialmente interesante en los intercambios dialogicos: la peticion de informacion. En una perspectiva intra- e interlinguistica, se comparan dos lenguas afines, el italiano y el espanol, con el objetivo de definir cuales son las estrategias y los recursos linguisticos empleados por los hablantes cuando necesitan solicitar una informacion. Pese a algunas analogias entre las dos lenguas, los mismos tipos de peticiones presentan una realizacion en italiano distinta a la del espanol, sobre todo en el nivel entonativo. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan datos utiles en el ambito de la ensenanza del italiano y del espanol como lenguas extranjeras.

This volume provides the most comprehensive treatment of phonological weight to date, bringing together traditional notions of categorical, rime-based weight and new developments in statistical prosodic phonology. The book demonstrates that while some systems treat weight as a simple (heavy vs. light) distinction, others treat it as a rich continuum of heaviness. Following an introduction to weight-sensitive systems in phonology, Kevin Ryan explores the range of phenomena that interact with prosodic weight. Chapters examine the analysis of scales in terms of prominence rather than moraic coercion; prosodic minimality in the context of larger prosodic constituents; syllable weight in metrics; and the relationship between prosodic end-weight and stress. Throughout, the analysis is based on a survey of weight systems both within and across the world's languages, which yields a number of valuable generalizations and points towards a universal theory of weight in human language.

This book conducts a thorough investigation of the variation in tone sandhi patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu using quantitative rating experiments. Although Shanghai Wu has been well documented, to date there has never been any quantitative study that systematically investigates the factors that influence variability - a research gap this book fills. Further, Wuxi Wu is investigated as an additional case that demonstrates the unique phonological nature of tone sandhi, and how it changes how speakers learn and internalize the variable tone sandhi pattern. The findings presented here will shed new light on important issues of wordhood, the interface of morphosyntax and phonology, and the formal model of variability in phonology.

Die linguistische Studie untersucht die Interaktion zwischen Agentivitat, Telizitat und Auxiliar- bzw. Verbpartikelwahl im Chinesischen (-le/-zhe) und Deutschen (sein/haben). Dafur fuhrte die Autorin fur das Chinesische eine Fragebogenstudie mit chinesischen Bewegungsverben durch, die semantisch hinsichtlich Agentivitat, Telizitat und -le/-zhe-Wahl flexibel sind. Die Akzeptabilitat der Satze im Fragebogen wurde auf einer Vier-Punkte-Skala bewertet. Fur das Deutsche wurde eine parallele Fragebogenstudie konzipiert und von einem Autorenkollektiv unter der Fuhrung von Tim Graf durchgefuhrt. Die Ergebnisse beider Experimente stutzen eine harmonische Korrelation zwischen Agentivitat und Telizitat fur die getesteten Bewegungsverben im Chinesischen und Deutschen.

Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Beitrage zu Dialektologie, Sprachkontakt, Namenkunde und Sprachgeschichte stehen die Besonderheiten der deutschen Regionalsprachen in Mittel- und Sudosteuropa. Die Autoren behandeln phonetische, morphologische und lexikalische Aspekte der deutschen Varietaten in Ungarn, Polen und Rumanien; der Band ist eine Wurdigung des Banater Forschers und Lehrers Peter Kottler.

Diese Monographie verfolgt das Ziel, die zentralen Begriffe der Semantik von Phraseologismen - ihre Idiomatizitat, Motiviertheit, Bildhaftigkeit, Bildlichkeit, Ambiguitat - aus kognitiver Perspektive zu beschreiben. Die Autorin arbeitet ein Verfahren heraus und erprobt es in korpusbasierten Detailstudien, mit dem semantische Aspekte der Idiome in ihrer Komplexitat und Vielfalt anhand eines kongruenten Instrumentariums, unter koharenten theoretischen Pramissen, erlautert werden. Der wissenschaftliche Wert des Buches liegt in seiner Interdisziplinaritat: Hier treffen die empirisch breit abgesicherten Theorien zu Metapher und Metonymie, kognitiver Semantik, mentalen Reprasentationen, literaler und figurativer Sprache, mit der Korpuslinguistik und Phraseologie zusammen.

L'auteur concoit la modalite comme une categorie semantico-fonctionnelle, independante des elements qui l'expriment et du niveau de la structure grammaticale dont ils relevent. Pour definir la modalite, il tient compte egalement de ses caracteristiques structurelles ainsi que de phenomenes relevant de niveaux cognitifs plus hauts et plus bas. Cela permet de porter un regard critique sur les recherches anterieures, de developper un cadre theorique conciliant les differentes approches et d'analyser systematiquement les expressions de la modalite en francais (verbes et adverbes modaux, modes verbaux etc.). L'interaction entre plusieurs elements modaux dans le meme enonce peut declencher trois types d'interaction et produit des phenomenes modaux particulierement complexes.

Dieses Buch liefert theoretisch-methodische und deskriptive Grundlagen einer Varianzstilistik des Russischen im Wandel, die sowohl standard- als auch non-standard-sprachliche Phanomene integriert. Im Fokus der Non-Standard-Darstellung stehen dabei diverse Soziolekte, die auf russischem Boden spatestens seit 1917 eine Schlusselrolle in der Etablierung des Non-Standards in Standard-Domanen spielen. Die stilistisch und asthetisch, aber auch ideologisch bedingte Varianz zwischen dem Non-Standard und Standard wird in der vorliegenden Untersuchung im Spannungsfeld von alternativem kunstlerischem Diskurs und offiziellem linguistischem Diskurs empirisch erfasst.

Internationalismen sind in mindestens drei Sprachen formal und inhaltlich ahnliche sprachliche Einheiten. Die Untersuchung vergleicht potentielle Internationalismen in zehn Sprachen im Hinblick auf die AEhnlichkeit (Kongruenz) ihrer Schreibung. Der Vergleich findet dabei nicht nur mit dem deutschen Lexem statt, sondern auch mit den Lexemen der anderen Sprachen untereinander. Die vorgestellten Kriterien zur Bestimmung von Kongruenz erlauben die Berechnung von Kongruenzwerten. So ist es moeglich, graphematische AEhnlichkeiten auf einer Skala anzuordnen und die Lexempaare dadurch prazise vergleichbar zu machen.

Las actuales dinamicas linguistico-culturales de las sociedades andinas se caracterizan por corrientes parcialmente contradictorias. Por un lado, diversas formas de expresion circulan en un "hiperespacio global", por otro se enfatiza lo local que se manifiesta en una creciente conciencia emancipadora de la propia identidad andina. El volumen reune estudios de distintos enfoques bajo el concepto cultural turn en los que se intenta comprender, analizar y valorar esta acelerada dinamica linguistico-cultural. El compromiso especial de las editoras es presentar no solo el analisis de las lenguas y las culturas de la region andina, sino tambien contribuciones escritas en lengua quechua con traduccion espanola. Esto es un comienzo y una aventura con el fin de estimular la comunicacion inter y transcultural.

Proceeding from a systematic analysis of excerpts from televised verbal exchanges, the study demonstrates how prosody, gesture and gaze can mark syntactic boundaries and support linguistic 'repair jobs'. This underlines their cardinal significance for the perception of syntax and comprehension processes in conversational intercourse. By contrast, prosodic and nonverbal means of expression are not determined by syntax but function as signalling systems in their own right providing their users with a variety of additional semantic or stylistic/pragmatic differentiation resources.

Dieser Sammelband setzt sich zum Ziel, sowohl die sprachliche Konstruktion von Fremdheit und Andersartigkeit als auch den Einfluss dieses Prozesses auf die Sprache und Kultur auf diskursiver, glottodidaktischer und lexikalisch-semantischer Ebene zu verdeutlichen. Das breite Spektrum der aufgegriffenen Themenbereiche eroeffnet viele Perspektiven: Die Studien blicken unter anderem auf kulturspezifische Konzeptualisierungen von Fremdheit und Andersartigkeit in der Sprache, medienspezifische Verbalisierung/Konstruierung des Fremden und der Fremden, wertende Urteile wie ironische, humorvolle Stellungnahmen uber das Fremde und die Fremden, Emotionalisierungsstrategien der Fremdheit und Andersartigkeit sowie stereotype Wahrnehmung des Fremden und der Fremden.

This volume explores how linguistic research can support the teaching and learning of Chinese as a second language. It responds to a rapidly growing interest in the Chinese language all over the world, and answers the need for a strong research background for the discipline. Without that, Chinese language learning remains only a unique experience and/or a useful education challenge. The first section explores crucial issues about the structure and use of Chinese as a Second Language such as word-order, noun-noun compounds, meaning-making in writing, pronunciation and stress and tone. The second section explores the learning of Chinese by seeking answer to questions about difficulties, expectations, beliefs, use of corpus and learning how to express necessity. The authors coming from eight different countries demonstrate how existing knowledge has been generated, bring together different lines of research, point out tendencies in the field, demonstrate and explain what tools and methods researchers can use to address major issues in the field, and give direction to what future research should focus on.

Las formas de tratamiento en el ambito hispanico y lusofono representan uno de los temas mas complejos y, a la vez, mas estudiados. La diversidad de alternativas y usos a ambos lados del Atlantico es bien conocida, aunque la mayoria de estudios se concentra en casos aislados de una ciudad o region muy determinada, o bien muestra un analisis descriptivo de los pronombres de cortesia. Ademas, los especialistas han prestado mas atencion a la casuistica de las variedades americanas y menos a la situacion del espanol y portugues europeos. Este estudio pretende dar cuenta de la evolucion de las formas de tratamiento en la Peninsula Iberica en los ultimos cien anos, con un especial enfasis en el fenomeno de nivelacion que se atestigua en la zona suroccidental. De forma pionera, se expone el comportamiento geolinguistico, sociolinguistico y gramatical de dicha nivelacion, aplicando metodos estadisticos y los programas de cartografia mas actuales. Todo ello, auspiciado por una metodologia innovadora y un corpus cuantitativo que refleja la estrecha relacion que guardan el espanol y el portugues, no solo en la cortesia, sino a nivel linguistico, derivando en un Sprachbund que tiene como foco el suroccidente de la Peninsula Iberica.

This book presents a novel experimental approach to investigating the mental representation of linguistic alternatives. Combining theoretical and psycholinguistic questions concerning the nature of alternative sets, it sheds new light on the theory of focus and the cognitive mechanisms underlying the processing of alternatives. In a series of language comprehension experiments, the author shows that intonational focus and focus particles such as 'only' shape the representation of alternatives in a listener's mind in a fundamental way. This book is relevant to researchers interested in semantics, pragmatics, language processing and memory.

Der Sammelband umfasst (sprach-)wissenschaftliche Beitrage der Romanistik aus den Bereichen Lexikologie und -graphie; Philologie; Semantik, Pragmatik und Grammatik; Etymologie und Entlehnungen. In diesen Themenkomplexen hat sich Jutta Langenbacher-Liebgott durch ihre Forschung und ihr Wirken an der Universitat Paderborn in der internationalen Romanisten-Community fest etabliert. Zudem arbeiten in einer interdisziplinaren Sektion auch Wissenschaftler aus anderen Fachgebieten, wie beispielsweise der Rechtswissenschaft und der Politik, die Verbindung zur Sprache heraus. Diese Festschrift wurde anlasslich der Emeritierung und zu Ehren von Frau Professor Dr. Jutta Langenbacher-Liebgott von ihren langjahrigen Wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitern, Anna-Susan Franke und Dr. Vicente Alvarez Vives, als Zeichen des Danks und Respekts herausgegeben.

In this volume, Ray Jackendoff and Jenny Audring embark on a major reconceptualization of linguistic theory as seen through the lens of morphology. Their approach, Relational Morphology, extends the Parallel Architecture developed by Jackendoff in Foundations of Language (2002), Simpler Syntax (2005), and Meaning and the Lexicon (2010). The framework integrates morphology into the overall architecture of language, enabling it to interact insightfully with phonology, syntax, semantics, and above all, the lexicon. The first part of the book situates morphology in the language faculty, and introduces a novel formalism that unifies the treatment of all morphological patterns, inflectional or derivational, systematic or marginal. Central to the theory is the lexicon, which both incorporates the rules of grammar and explicitly encodes relationships among words and among grammatical patterns. Part II puts the theory to the test, applying it to a wide range of familiar and less familiar morphological phenomena. Part III connects Relational Morphology with issues of language processing and language acquisition, and shows how its formal tools can be extended to a variety of linguistic and nonlinguistic phenomena outside morphology. The value of Relational Morphology thus lies not only in the fact that it can account for a range of morphological phenomena, but also in how it integrates linguistic theory, psycholinguistics, and human cognition.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of current research in African languages, drawing on insights from anthropological linguistics, typology, historical and comparative linguistics, and sociolinguistics. Africa is believed to host at least one third of the world's languages, usually classified into four phyla - Niger-Congo, Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, and Khoisan - which are then subdivided into further families and subgroupings. This volume explores all aspects of research in the field, beginning with chapters that cover the major domains of grammar and comparative approaches. Later parts provide overviews of the phyla and subfamilies, alongside grammatical sketches of eighteen representative African languages of diverse genetic affiliation. The volume additionally explores multiple other topics relating to African languages and linguistics, with a particular focus on extralinguistic issues: language, cognition, and culture, including colour terminology and conversation analysis; language and society, including language contact and endangerment; language and history; and language and orature. This wide-ranging handbook will be a valuable reference for scholars and students in all areas of African linguistics and anthropology, and for anyone interested in descriptive, documentary, typological, and comparative linguistics.

This new edition of Understanding Morphology has been fully revised in line with the latest research. It now includes 'big picture' questions to highlight central themes in morphology, as well as research exercises for each chapter. Understanding Morphology presents an introduction to the study of word structure that starts at the very beginning. Assuming no knowledge of the field of morphology on the part of the reader, the book presents a broad range of morphological phenomena from a wide variety of languages. Starting with the core areas of inflection and derivation, the book presents the interfaces between morphology and syntax and between morphology and phonology. The synchronic study of word structure is covered, as are the phenomena of diachronic change, such as analogy and grammaticalization. Theories are presented clearly in accessible language with the main purpose of shedding light on the data, rather than as a goal in themselves. The authors consistently draw on the best research available, thus utilizing and discussing both functionalist and generative theoretical approaches. Each chapter includes a summary, suggestions for further reading, and exercises. As such this is the ideal book for both beginning students of linguistics, or anyone in a related discipline looking for a first introduction to morphology.