The History of English Spelling reveals the history of Modern English spelling, tracing its origins and development from Old English up to the present day. * Includes a wealth of information and data on English spelling not available anywhere else * Features a complementary website with additional material at www.historyofenglishspelling.info * Includes detailed coverage of the contributions from French, Latin, Greek - and the many other languages - to our current orthography * Serves as a companion volume to Geoffrey Hughes's A History of English Words in the same series

Galilee has been a crossroads of cultures, religions, and languages for centuries, as illustrated in these fascinating Bedouin folktales, which offer excellent examples of the Arabic narrative tradition of the Middle East. Bedouin Folktales from the North of Israel collects nearly 60 traditional folktales, told mostly by women, that have been carefully translated in the same colloquial style in which they were told. These stories are grouped into themes of love and devotion, ghouls and demons, and animal stories. The work also includes phonetic transcription and linguistic annotation. Accompanying each folktale is a comprehensive ethnographic, folkloristic, and linguistic commentary, placing the tales in context with details on Galilee Bedouin dialects and the tribes themselves. A rich, multifaceted collection, Bedouin Folktales from the North of Israel is an invaluable resource for linguists, folklorists, anthropologists, and any reader interested in a tradition of storytelling handed down through the centuries.

This new edition of Understanding Morphology has been fully revised in line with the latest research. It now includes 'big picture' questions to highlight central themes in morphology, as well as research exercises for each chapter. Understanding Morphology presents an introduction to the study of word structure that starts at the very beginning. Assuming no knowledge of the field of morphology on the part of the reader, the book presents a broad range of morphological phenomena from a wide variety of languages. Starting with the core areas of inflection and derivation, the book presents the interfaces between morphology and syntax and between morphology and phonology. The synchronic study of word structure is covered, as are the phenomena of diachronic change, such as analogy and grammaticalization. Theories are presented clearly in accessible language with the main purpose of shedding light on the data, rather than as a goal in themselves. The authors consistently draw on the best research available, thus utilizing and discussing both functionalist and generative theoretical approaches. Each chapter includes a summary, suggestions for further reading, and exercises. As such this is the ideal book for both beginning students of linguistics, or anyone in a related discipline looking for a first introduction to morphology.

This textbook introduces the main units and concepts you require to describe speech sounds accurately. By working through the book and the various exercises included, you will come to understand the need for a dedicated system of description and transcription for speech sounds, and for a degree of phonological abstraction to support our understanding of the behaviour of sounds in particular languages and varieties. You will learn to carry out elementary, broad phonetic transcription, and be able to establish contrastive vowel and consonant systems for your own varieties and to express simple generalisations reflecting the productive and predictable patterns of English sounds. At the end of the book there is a section guiding you through some of the exercises and there is also a detailed glossary which will be useful for assignments or revision during exams.

This empirical study on the region of Bavarian Swabia (Bayerisch-Schwaben) investigates how dialect speakers render the pronunciation of their basic local dialect(s) in written form using the 'ordinary' alphabet (so-called indirect method). Tables and maps are then used to compare these spellings with phonetic transcriptions collected at the same places. The results are interpreted, and individual comparisons are also made with the material indirectly collected by Wenker in the late 19th century.

The author investigates the origin and development of umlauts in the history of the Nordic and West German languages. The author asks: which phonological processes occasion umlauts in language; how the historical layering of the i/j umlaut is represented; and how the absence of the phonetic i/j umlaut in certain contexts can be explained. To answer these questions, the author presents a comprehensive, structurally-based model which turns away from syncope-oriented research.

The traditional concept of rhythm equates it with metre and consequently separates off rhythm from meaning, the subject, and indeed language altogether. This is illustrated with reference to existing discussion of rhythm (as exemplified by Heusler) and various linguistic concepts of rhythm dealt with in the first part of the study. The second part takes its bearings from Henri Meschonnic's concept of rhythm, which in line with the pre-Platonic meaning of the word conceives of rhythm as the given shaping of meaning in discourse. The study closes with an analysis of three texts (Goethe, Benn, Grimm) in terms of the semantic function performed by rhythm.

A concise overview of key findings and ideas in sign language phonology and its contributions to related fields, including historical linguistics, morphology, prosody, language acquisition and language creation. Working on sign languages not only provides important new insights on familiar issues, but also poses a whole new set of questions about phonology, because of the use of the visual communication modality. This book lays out the properties needed to recognize a phonological system regardless of its modality. Written by a leading expert in sign language research, the book describes the current state of the field and addresses a range of issues that students and researchers will encounter in their work, as well as highlighting the significant impact that the study of sign languages has had on the field of phonology as a whole. It includes lists of further reading materials, and a full glossary, as well as helpful illustrations that demonstrate the important aspects of sign language structure, even to the most unfamiliar of readers. A text that will be useful to both specialists and general linguists, this book provides the first comprehension overview of the field.

The Handbook of English Pronunciation presents a comprehensive exploration of English pronunciation with essential topics for applied linguistics researchers and teachers, including language acquisition, varieties of English, historical perspectives, accent s changing role, and connections to discourse, technology, and pedagogy. * Provides thorough descriptions of all elements of English pronunciation * Features contributions from a global list of authors, reflecting the finest scholarship available * Explores a careful balance of issues and topics important to both researchers and teachers * Provides a historical understanding of the importance of pronunciation and examines some of the major ways English is pronounced today throughout the world * Considers practical concerns about how research and practice interact in teaching pronunciation in the classroom

In dieser Monografie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen emotionalen Sprechweisen und deren prosodischen Eigenschaften thematisiert. Als Grundlage dienten die Aufnahmen von neun Sprechausdrucksweisen, die jeweils von 23 Sprechern realisiert wurden. Nach der Uberprufung der Rezeptionsgenauigkeit der verschiedenen Darstellungen wurden die am besten erkannten Sprechweisen partiell einer engen phonetischen Analyse unterzogen. Die Analyse der prosodischen Eigenschaften erfolgte mittels zweier methodischer Wege, wobei auch neue Erhebungsverfahren entwickelt wurden. Insgesamt zeigen die Resultate, dass dem Timbre und verschiedenen Tonhoheneigenschaften eine besondere Bedeutung bei der suprasegmentalen Enkodierung emotionaler Sprechausdrucksweisen zukommt.

Spelling and pronunciation dictionaries are generally organized alphabetically. This system of ordering the vocabulary of a language has become almost second nature to us. There is however a very good case to be made for arranging and studying the words in a dictionary phonologically, e.g. assembling those words beginning with the fricative [f-] regardless of the graphemic representation as, or, aligning onset fillers with one or more consonants, studying the nature and frequency of a given syllabic nucleus, shifts of accent and other phonotactic phenomena and problems of syllable phonology. The volume presents the entire vocabulary of present-day German in its standard spoken form using the characters of the International Phonetic Alphabet and arranges it into a motivated order of vowels and consonants with the respective graphemic equivalents and, where necessary, comments on compounds and derivation groups.

On the basis of a phonological analysis of a tape recording in Eastern Yiddish made by a speaker from Lublin, the authors begin by establishing the contrasts to standard German. They go on to discuss the problems posed by the analysis of an idiolect, ranging from the question of specifically idiolectal realisation to the production of a 'normative' Eastern Yiddish variety for the Lublin area. The authors further examine the recording from the point of view of modern language contact research. Finally, they attempt to place this individual utterance in an ethnographic and above all a culture-historical context.

The central concern here is the description and discussion of the findings of an empirical study on standard-language pronunciation in German-speaking Switzerland. Detailed consideration is also given to the factors potentially responsible for individual variations and to user attitudes to the standard language. A further section of the book is given over to discussion of the status of the standard language in Switzerland and the problems and history of standard pronunciation. Proposals are made for a Swiss pronunciation norm and a re-engagement with the phonological system.

This handbook brings together past and current research on all aspects of lying and deception, with chapters contributed by leading international experts in the field. We are confronted daily with cases of lying, deception, bullshitting, and 'fake news', making it imperative to understand how lying works, how it can be defined, and whether it can be detected. A further important issue is whether lying should always be considered a bad thing or if, in some cases, it is simply a useful instrument of human cognition. This volume is the first to offer a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of these and other issues from the combined perspectives of linguistics, philosophy, and psychology. Chapters offer precise definitions of lying and its subtypes, and outline the range of fields in which lying and deception play a role, from empirical lie detection and the acquisition of lying to its role in fiction, metaphor, and humour. They also describe the tools and approaches that are used by scholars researching lying and deception, such as questionnaire studies, EEG, neuroimaging, and the polygraph. The volume will be an essential reference for students and researchers in a range of fields who are looking to deepen their understanding of all aspects of lying and deception, and will contribute to establishing the vibrant new field of interdisciplinary lying research.

If Phonetics is a comparatively recent subject for European students of foreign languages and is eyed by them with some sus picion as an invention that is meant to make their studies difficult, it is even more so with English Phonetics for African students. Have not Africans been learning English for over a century, and with good results in many cases, without giving a thought to its phonetics? Why introduce this new subject and add to the number of books they have to read and the number of examinations they have to pass before they can get their degree? Yet if the study of a foreign language is to be up to date its phonetics cannot be neglected; on the contrary, it is as important as the study of its spelling, if not more so. With the invention of radio and telephone, of gramophone and tape-recorders, the importance of the spoken word has increased immensely and it is far more essential now than it was a hundred years ago that those who learn a foreign language should learn to speak it properly. Thus a new subject has been added to the schedule of language students and teachers: the study and practice of the sounds of the language, and for the teachers also the study of how to teach these sounds.

The new edition of the leading textbook for English applied phonetics and phonology A leading textbook for English Phonetics and Phonology, the fourth edition of Applied English Phonology is an accessible, authoritative introduction to the English sound system. Providing clear explanations and numerous illustrative examples, this new edition has been fully updated with the latest research and references. Detailed discussions of fundamental concepts of applied English phonology cover phonetic elements, phonemics, English consonants and vowels, stress and intonation, structural factors in second language phonology, and much more. Designed for students and professionals in both theoretical and applied linguistics, education, and communication sciences and disorders, this textbook contains new material throughout, including a new chapter introducing typical phonological development, patterns of simplification, and disordered phonology. Expanded sections explore topics such as contracted forms, issues in consonant and vowel transcription conventions, and regional dialects of American English. The essential introduction to phonetics and phonology, this textbook: Presents new and revised exercises, references, and recommended readings Covers developmental disorders relevant to the field of speech pathology Includes end-of-chapter passages that help students check their phonetic transcriptions Features an enhanced companion website which contains instructor resources and sound files for transcription exercises Written by an internationally recognized scholar and educator, Applied English Phonology, Fourth Edition is essential reading for anyone in applied phonetics and phonology courses, as well as students and practitioners in areas of language and linguistics, TESOL, and communication sciences and disorders.

This is the first study of the practice of judicial summing-up to juries and of its 'survey of the evidence' as rhetoric, persuasive language, in the Crown Courts of England and Wales.

The transcripts of judicial summings-up to a jury can vary from a few to hundreds of pages, and are significant in that they break the flow between advocates' turn-taking, especially their final speeches, and the deliberation of the jury. In addition to its linguistic and rhetorical concerns, the book considers this practice of summing up as a legal problem - as unrecognized advocacy - and examines alternatives, such as the US States', Canadian and Scottish models. The Scottish model is prescribed for consideration by Anglo-Welsh judges with its insistence on parsimonious reference to the disputed narrative, only where relevant to the legal issues on which instruction is being given.

This volume contains 105 transcripts dealing with language and supplements Phonai volume 42 (= Part I) which contains 165 excerpts from interviews with German-speaking Jewish emigrants to Palestine/Israel largely on biographical subjects. The CD enclosed contains 41 of these excerpts and conveys an acoustic impression of the high proficiency and fluency of the speakers, all between the age of 60 and 100. The subsequent linguistic analysis divides into 10 subsections examining the sociolinguistic backgrounds of the cultivated 'educated' German displayed by the speakers and its grammatical and stylistic characteristics. Together the two volumes document and describe a variety of German distinguished first of all by its striking orientation to written and literary standards and models, and secondly by occasional lexical enrichments from the Hebrew-speaking world surrounding the speakers. This historically unique variety of German is doomed to disappear with the last generation of emigrants.

Salomo A. Birnbaum (1891?1989) is the uncontested pioneer in two large closely related research areas, namely historical Jewish linguistics and the palaeography of Hebrew and all Jewish successor languages. This collection of essays provides a cross-section through Birnbaum s life s work. Volume I contains articles on Jewish philology and a survey of additional Jewish languages and individual studies. Volume II documents the development of Hebrew palaeography, which began to be established in the period between the 1930s and 1960s."