In "Hacking Cyberspace" David J. Gunkel examines the metaphors applied to new technologies, and how those metaphors inform, shape, and drive the implementation of the technology in question. The author explores the metaphorical tropes that have been employed to describe and evaluate recent advances in computer technology, telecommunications systems, and interactive media. Taking the stance that no speech is value-neutral, Gunkel examines such metaphors as "the information superhighway" and "the electronic frontier" for their political and social content, and he develops a critical investigation that not only traces the metaphors' conceptual history, but explicates their implications and consequences for technological development. Through "Hacking Cyberspace," David J. Gunkel develops a sophisticated understanding of new technology that takes into account the effect of technoculture's own discursive techniques and maneuvers on the actual form of technological development.

This translation of the German edition first published in 1970, introduces the standard text on the comparative-historical method to an English-speaking audience. After surveying the general principles of diachronic-comparative linguistics, the book uses these principles to analyze the phonological and morphological structure of the Indo-European language group. Each section of the book has a detailed bibliography, so readers can progress from the general overview to a more in-depth examination of particular topics.

Childhood speech and language disorders from symptom to intervention Phonological Disability in Children: Studies in Disorders of Communication provides a detailed look at the field's current body of knowledge. Covering speech and language disorders as well as their detection, causes, and intervention options, this book provides therapists, teachers, and parents with invaluable insight into a variety of disorders. Topics include childhood apraxia, orofacial myofunctional disorders, stuttering, selective mutism, preschool language disorders, alternative communication, learning disabilities, and more. Suitable for graduate-level study, this book provides a useful resource for anyone working with affected children.

This textbook has been carefully designed to provide a thorough introduction to the study of speech. It assumes no technical background, and students from the wide variety of disciplines contributing to this new and exciting field will find the exposition always accessible. Each chapter progresses from simple examples to more detailed discussions of recent primary research and concludes with problem sets which student's will find interesting and enlightening. All the topics that are essential for a basic understanding of the field are covered - the physiological, biological, and neurological bases of speech; the physics of sound; the source-filter theory of speech production; and the principles underlying electrical and computer models of speech production. All students, whatever their area of special interest speech therapy, phonological theory, psycholinguistics. neurolinguistics, anthropology, etc. - will discover in this text the challenge and fascination of the scientific study of speech. The authors undoubtedly succeed in their explicit aim: not only, to prepare students to evaluate critically the latest research, but also to encourage them to undertake their own research projects.

Thomas Berg challenges context-free theories of linguistics; he is concerned with the way the term 'explanation' is typically used in the discipline. He argues that real explanations cannot emerge from a view which asserts the autonomy of language, but only from an approach which seeks to establish a connection between language and the contexts in which it is embedded. The author examines the psychological context in detail. He uses an interactiveactivation model of language processing to derive predictions about synchronic linguistic patterns, the course of linguistic change, and the structure of poetic rhymes. The majority of these predictions are borne out, leading the author to conclude that the structure of language is shaped by the properties of the mechanism which puts it to use, and that psycholinguistics thus qualifies as one likely approach from which to derive an explanation of linguistic structure.

The essays in this volume explore the educational implications of unsettling shifts in contemporary culture associated with postmodernism. These shifts include the fragmentation of established power blocs, the emergence of a politics of identity, growing inequalities between the haves and the have-nots in a new global economy, and the rise in influence of popular culture in defining who we are. In the academy, postmodernism has been associated with the emergence of new theoretical perspectives that are unsettling the way we think about education. These shifts, the authors suggest, are deeply contradictory and may lead in divergent political directions--some of them quite dangerous. "Power/Knowledge/Pedagogy" examines these issues with regard to four broad domains of educational inquiry: state educational policy and curriculum reform, student identity formation, the curriculum as a text, and critical pedagogy. The book contributes to the dialogue on the forging of a new commonsense discourse on democratic educational renewal, attuned to the changing times in which we live.

Giovanni Pontano, who adopted the academic sobriquet "Gioviano," was prime minister to several kings of Naples and the most important Neapolitan humanist of the quattrocento. Best known today as a Latin poet, he also composed dialogues depicting the intellectual life of the humanist academy of which he was the head, and, late in life, a number of moral essays that became his most popular prose works. The De sermone (On Speech), translated into English here for the first time, aims to provide a moral anatomy, following Aristotelian principles, of various aspects of speech such as truthfulness and deception, flattery, gossip, loquacity, calumny, mercantile bargaining, irony, wit, and ridicule. In each type of speech, Pontano tries to identify what should count as the virtuous mean, that which identifies the speaker as a person of education, taste, and moral probity.

The clear and easy way to get a handle on the science of speech

The science of how people produce and perceive speech, phonetics has an array of real-world applications, from helping engineers create an authentic sounding Irish or Canadian accent for a GPS voice, to assisting forensics investigators identifying the person whose voice was caught on tape, to helping a film actor make the transition to the stage. Phonetics is a required course among students of speech pathology and linguistics, and it's a popular elective among students of telecommunications and forensics. The first popular guide to this fascinating discipline, "Phonetics For Dummies" is an excellent overview of the field for students enrolled in introductory phonetics courses and an ideal introduction for anyone with an interest in the field.

Bonus instructional videos, video quizzes, and other content available online for download on the dummies.com product page for this book.

Linguistic Concepts and Methods in CSCW is the first book devoted to the innovative new area of research in CSCW. It concentrates on the use of language in context - the area most widely researched in conjunction with CSCW - but also examines grammatical construction, semantics and the significance of the spoken, written and graphic mediums. A variety of other related topics, such as sociolinguistics, stylistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, and applied linguistics are also covered.
This book will be of interest to researchers in CSCW, linguistics and computational linguistics. It will also provide invaluable reading for industrial and commercial researchers who are interested in the implications of such research for the design of marketable systems.

A direct successor to Searle's Speech Acts (C.U.P. 1969), Expression and Meaning refines earlier analyses and extends speech-act theory to new areas including indirect and figurative discourse, metaphor and fiction.

Based on 30 years of research, this book presents a theory about the 'speech sounds' that occur in human spoken and signed languages. Identifying the ultimate elements of which speech sounds consist, Harry van der Hulst proposes a radical theory that recognises only two elements: |C| and |V|. Based on a small set of first principles, the book explains what a possible speech sound is and provides explicit structures for all speech sounds that occur in the world's languages. With numerous examples from hundreds of languages, including Dutch, Czech, Japanese, Kabardian, Hungarian, Korean and Zulu, the book also provides insight into current theories of segmental structure, commonly used feature systems and recurrent controversies.

Series Information:
Routledge Language Family Series

This book has both a descriptive and a theoretical purpose. It is the first full phonological description of Slovak, a language spoken by some four-and-a-half million people in Central and Eastern Europe; and it is a study of the theories of lexical, autosegmental, and prosodic phonology, with a particular emphasis on syllable structure. In a synthesis of these two aims, the author demonstrates how the theories can be integrated in a description of a single language. Particular importance is attached to the problem of phonological representations which, it is shown, must be three-dimensional. Both the independence and the interaction of the melodic, skeletal, and syllabic tiers are investigated in detail. The theoretical linguist will find here a detailed and comprehensive description of the language, deepened by an extensive debate on current phonological theory. For the Slavicist - of whatever theoretical persuasion - the book offers a discussion of the most recent theoretical developments in phonology, couched in the framework of a familiar type of linguistic material.

In der modernen Offentlichkeit wird die Stimme als das Medium einer demokratischen und sozialen Ordnung betrachtet. Sie steht im Zentrum eines umfangreichen Wortfeldes: Stimmrecht, Abstimmung, Volkes Stimme, eine Stimme haben oder die Stimme ergreifen. Ahnlich prominent ist die Stimme im ubertragenen Sinne, in der gegenwartigen Kultur- und Literaturtheorie. Sei es in der beruhmten Frage: "Wer spricht?," im Konzept der Polyphonie oder der Intertextualitat, in dem es um das Echo der Zitate in der Kunst geht. Was aber kommt zum Ausdruck, wenn "nur" die Stimme zu horen ist, wenn Klang, Rhythmus, Schrei, Atem und Stocken der Stimme jenseits aller Worte, aller Bedeutungen und Signifikate vernehmbar sind? Die langjahrige monomanische Verehrung der Schriftreligion und Bildersucht durchbrechend, soll mit den hier versammelten Beitragen eine Kultur- und Mediengeschichte der Stimme skizziert werden. Neben dem Verhaltnis von Stimme und Schrift und der Rolle der Stimme in Politik und Jurisprudenz, gilt die Aufmerksamkeit vor allem Themenbereichen wie der Opern-, Musik- und Filmgeschichte sowie der Technikgenese modernerer Aufzeichnungssysteme."

This study investigates the oral and written story productions of 56 10-12-year-old Greek-German and Greek-English bilingual children in order find out to which extent their narrative abilities develop conjointly across their two languages and which factors affect this. Quantitative and qualitative measures of narrative discourse ability are related to a composite score of bilingual language dominance (Bilingual Index Score). Results indicate that the degree to which bilinguals can share abilities across their two languages is highly dependent on the type of ability and the degree of dominance and - to a lesser degree - on crosslinguistic differences and modality of production. As such, this study reveals nontrivial implications for the educational support of bi- and multilingual children.

This book is about the ways in which rhyme in French verse produces shapes or interferes with meaning - a topic which, despite its centrality, has hitherto received little critical attention. Part 1 examines those features which are peculiar to French rhyme - the different degrees of rhyme, rhyme gender, the frequency of rhymes on suffixes and endings - and explores the contributions they make to a poem's structure and semantic productivity. Its concern is twofold: to test the adequacy of the current methods of classifying rhymes and to demonstrate how comprehensive interpretations of a poem can be constructed from its rhyme-data. But wider issues are also confronted, including the relationships between rhyme and textuality, between rhyme and truth, between rhyme and rhythm. Part 2 analyses specific plays, poems and collections of poems: Racine's Mithridate, Moliere's Les Femmes Savantes, Voltaire's Poeme sur le Desastre de Lisbonne, Verlaine's Fetes galantes and Aragon's Les Yeux d'Elsa.

This book contains some of the material which originally appeared in my Ph. D. thesis Lexical Phonology, submitted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but it can hardly be called a revised version of the thesis. The theory that I propose here is in many ways radically different from the one that I proposed in the thesis, and there is a great deal of new data and analyses from English and Malayalam. Chapter VI is so new that I haven't even had the time to try it out on my friends. As everyone knows, research is a collective enterprise, even though an individual's name appears on the first page of the book or article. I would think of this book as a joint project involving dozens of people, in which I acted as the project coordinator, collecting suggestions from a wide variety of sources. Four major influences on what the book contains were Morris Halle, Paul Kiparsky, Mark Liberman, and Joan Bresnan. I learned the ropes of doing research on phonology, phonetics, and morphology from them, and almost everything that I discuss in this book owes its shape ultimately to one of them. Among the others who contributed generously to this book are: Jay Keyser, James Harris, Douglas Pulleyblank, Diana Archangeli, Donca Steriade, Elizabeth Selkirk, Francois Dell, Noam Chomsky, Philip Lesourd, Mohammed Guerssel, Michel Kenstovicz, Raj Singh, Will Leben, Joe Perkell, Victor Zue, Paroo Nihalani. P. Madhavan, and Stephanie Shattuck-Hafnagel.

This book is a revised version of my Ph.D. dissertation that was submitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983. Although much of the analysis and argumentation of the dissertation has survived rewriting, the organization has been considerably changed. To Paul Kiparsky and Morris Halle, lowe a major debt. Not only has it been a great privilege to work on phonology with both of them, but it is hard to imagine what this piece of research would have looked like without them. (They, of course, may well imagine a number of appropriate ways in which the work could be different had I not been involved .... ) In addition, special thanks are due to Ken Hale, the third member of my thesis committee. Our discussions of a variety of topics (including tone) helped me to keep a broader outlook on language than might have otherwise been the result of concentrating on a thesis topic.

The book offers a significant theoretical and empirical contribution to the ongoing vigorous debate on loanword phonology, its major mechanisms and various interpretations. It provides an in-depth analysis of a rich body of novel experimental data on online adaptation of Polish consonant clusters, absent in English, by native speakers of British English. The analysis is couched within the framework of Optimality Theory. The author argues for the phonological approach to loanword adaptation as well as for the core-periphery structure of the English lexicon and shows that the proposed perspective allows for a deep insight into the nature of the collected language data.

This is the first in-depth historical treatment of the grammar of the Neapolitan dialect, providing an exhaustive documentation and description of all aspects of the phonology, morphology and syntax of the dialect (and neighbouring varieties spoken in and around the Bay of Naples) which is comprehensive enough to qualify as a reference grammar, but is formulated within a conceptual framework which allows individual facts to be studied as part of a coherent system and compared with other Romance languages. In this respect, it makes a significant contribution towards cataloguing the linguistic typology of dialects within the Italian peninsula.

De fonologie beschouwt het als haar taak, de klanksystemen der verschillende talen alsmede de functies van elk hunner elementen te bestuderen. En die taak vloeit voort uit het inzicht, dat de klanken ener taal een geordend systeem vormen, waarin elk hunner een bepaalde plaats inneemt. (N. van Wijk, Phon%gie een hoofdstuk uit de structurele taalwetenschap) 1. 1. Het onderwerp van dit boek De bekende Amerikaanse fonoloog James Harris begint in zijn laatste boek (Harris 1983) een uiteenzetting over de Spaanse lettergreep als voIgt: "Consider the word huey 'ox' ." Zo'n mooie openingszin hebben wij voor dit boek niet kunnen bedenken, maar we zijn het weI met Harris eens dat een inleiding het gemakkelijkst begonnen kan worden met een voorbeeld. We beginnen daarom met de volgende zin: (1) De groep praatte als een stelletje gladiolen over de dwarsdruknorm. Aan de hand van deze zin kan een grote hoeveelheid taalkunde worden geillustreerd. Met een deel daarvan benje ongetwijfeld bekend, met een deel misschien een beetje, en met een groot deel (kunnen we zonder schroom aannemen) totaal niet. In het deel waarmee je redelijk goed bekend bent, huist hoogstwaarschijnlijk bijvoorbeeld de simpele observatie dat het eerste woord van de zin een zogenaamd lidwoord is; ook dat het eerste zelfstandig naamwoord van de zin bestaat uit de opeenvolging van klanken g. r. oe en p; dat het werkwoord be staat uit de klanken t, p, r, a en de zwakke klinker e, maar dan in een andere volgorde, enzovoort.

Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and wonder. These issues come to the forefront in the phonetic manifestation of stress and accent, their cross-linguistic variation and the subtle and intricate laws they obey in individual languages. Understanding the nature of stress and accent systems informs all aspects of linguistic theory, methods, typology and especially the grammatical analysis of language data. These themes form the organizational backbone of this book. Bringing together a team of world-renowned phonologists, the volume covers a range of typological and theoretical issues in the study of stress and accent. It will appeal to researchers who value synergistic approaches to the study of stress and accent, careful attention to cross-linguistic variation, and detailed analyzes of both well-studied and understudied languages. The book is a lively testimony of a field of inquiry that shows progress, while also identifying questions for ongoing research.

This book presents a morphosyntactic account of vowel length in contemporary Czech. The present approach is strictly decompositional on both the phonological and the morphosyntactic side. It assumes prosodic affixes in contemporary Czech. The focus is on prosodic affixes which realize morphosyntactic parts of diminutives and hypocoristics.