Douglas Biber's new book extends and refines the research and methodology reported in his ground-breaking Variation Across Speech and Writing (1988), and adds for the first time a diachronic dimension. In it he gives a linguistic analysis of register in four widely differing languages: English, Nukulaelae Tuvaluan, Korean, and Somali. Striking similarities as well as differences emerge, allowing Biber to predict for the first time cross-linguistic universals of register variation.

Two research traditions dominate the phonological description of rhythm. One is the typology of syllabic and accentual languages, the other metrical phonology. The first of these approaches determines rhythmic quality in temporal terms, the second in terms of accent. The present monograph sets out to show that both these approaches are problematical for a universal phonology of rhythm seeking to place equal emphasis on time and accentual prominence and supported by evidence culled from phonetics, psycholinguistics, and a poetological approach to metre.

This volume discusses all phonetic aspects of speech production: the articulatory apparatus and the way it is controlled, measurement and modeling of articulatory movements, segmental and prosodic aspects of articulation control. In addition, the author proposes a complete phonetic model of speech production proceeding from the level of articulation planning for utterances and charting the generation of articulatory movements, vocal tract geometries and acoustic speech signals.

Sound symbolism is the study of the relationship between the sound of an utterance and its meaning. In this interdisciplinary collection of new studies, twenty-four leading scholars discuss the role of sound symbolism in a theory of language. They consider sound-symbolic processes in a wide range of languages from Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North and South America. Beginning with an evocative typology of sound-symbolic processes, they go on to examine not only the well-known areas of study, such as onomatopoeia and size-sound symbolism, but also less frequently discussed topics such as the sound-symbolic value of vocatives and of involuntary noises, and the marginal areas of "conventional sound symbolism", such as phonesthemes. The book concludes with a series of studies on the biological basis of sound symbolism, and draws comparisons with the communication systems of other species. This is a definitive work on the role of sound symbolism in a theory of language. The wide-ranging new research presented here reveals that sound symbolism plays a far more significant role in language than scholarship has hitherto recognized.

This book analyses and challenges the metatheoretical framework which supports information-processing models of human speech perception. The first part consists of a review of speech perception research in the information-processing paradigm; an overview of the cognitivist philosophy from which this approach takes its justification; and an introduction to some relevant themes of phenomenological philosophy. The second half uses the phenomenological insights discussed to demonstrate some inadequacies of cognitivism; to show how these inadequacies underlie problems with the information-processing theory; and suggests an alternative framework with significant change of focus.

This 1991 book was the first extended study written within the framework of Government Phonology. Following the presentation of the main aspects of this theory, the process of vowel-zero alternations is addressed and analysed together with the idea that phonological processes are determined by principles of Universal Grammar along with parameters that distinguish languages. By using predominantly the alternation between schwa and zero in French, Monik Charette demonstrates that vowel-zero alternations are neither cases of insertion nor of deletion. Rather, they involve the interpretation of 'empty nuclei', i.e. nuclei with no segmental content, which must be licensed by proper government. It is when proper government fails to apply that a vowel is realized. Dr Charette also gives consideration to the constraints to which proper government is subject. She argues that these constraints result from phonological principles in conflict. This book represents a major development in the analysis of phonological processes. The extension of grammatical principles and parameters to phonological phenomena is well argued, and will interest theoretical phonologists and specialists of French alike.

Proceeding from a systematic analysis of excerpts from televised verbal exchanges, the study demonstrates how prosody, gesture and gaze can mark syntactic boundaries and support linguistic 'repair jobs'. This underlines their cardinal significance for the perception of syntax and comprehension processes in conversational intercourse. By contrast, prosodic and nonverbal means of expression are not determined by syntax but function as signalling systems in their own right providing their users with a variety of additional semantic or stylistic/pragmatic differentiation resources.

In der modernen Offentlichkeit wird die Stimme als das Medium einer demokratischen und sozialen Ordnung betrachtet. Sie steht im Zentrum eines umfangreichen Wortfeldes: Stimmrecht, Abstimmung, Volkes Stimme, eine Stimme haben oder die Stimme ergreifen. Ahnlich prominent ist die Stimme im ubertragenen Sinne, in der gegenwartigen Kultur- und Literaturtheorie. Sei es in der beruhmten Frage: "Wer spricht?," im Konzept der Polyphonie oder der Intertextualitat, in dem es um das Echo der Zitate in der Kunst geht. Was aber kommt zum Ausdruck, wenn "nur" die Stimme zu horen ist, wenn Klang, Rhythmus, Schrei, Atem und Stocken der Stimme jenseits aller Worte, aller Bedeutungen und Signifikate vernehmbar sind? Die langjahrige monomanische Verehrung der Schriftreligion und Bildersucht durchbrechend, soll mit den hier versammelten Beitragen eine Kultur- und Mediengeschichte der Stimme skizziert werden. Neben dem Verhaltnis von Stimme und Schrift und der Rolle der Stimme in Politik und Jurisprudenz, gilt die Aufmerksamkeit vor allem Themenbereichen wie der Opern-, Musik- und Filmgeschichte sowie der Technikgenese modernerer Aufzeichnungssysteme."

This book presents an experimental-phonetic approach to the study of intonation, defined as the ensemble of pitch variations in speech. It brings together in a single volume a detailed explication of the stylization method used in the analysis of intonation; theoretical insights and the experimental evidence that supports them, the results of physiological measurements that substantiate hypotheses about the production of intonation; and applications arising from the research. Johan't Hart, Rene Collier and Antonie Cohen argue that a perception-oriented approach, carried out by studying the perceptual consequences of deliberate manipulations of the speech signal, is the only way in which it can be decided what, out of the abundant information in the acoustic domain, is important for the listener and hence may be relevant for communication. The method they employ is fruitful not only for the analysis of Dutch, but also of British English, German and Russian intonation.

The book offers a significant theoretical and empirical contribution to the ongoing vigorous debate on loanword phonology, its major mechanisms and various interpretations. It provides an in-depth analysis of a rich body of novel experimental data on online adaptation of Polish consonant clusters, absent in English, by native speakers of British English. The analysis is couched within the framework of Optimality Theory. The author argues for the phonological approach to loanword adaptation as well as for the core-periphery structure of the English lexicon and shows that the proposed perspective allows for a deep insight into the nature of the collected language data.

From the early seventies in particular, sound recording has been a frequent research tool in the field of linguistics. The volume documents the recording of spoken German made for linguistic purposes with the aim of providing an overview of the material thus collected and encouraging multiple utilisation of data assembled with considerable effort and expense.

Edinburgh (now the Angus McIntosh Centre for Historical Linguistics), such as eLALME (the electronic version A Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English), LAEME (A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English) and LAOS (A Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots), this volume illustrates how traditional methods of historical dialectology can benefit from new methods of data-collection to test out theoretical and empirical claims. In showcasing the results that these resources can yield in the digital age, the book highlights novel methods for presenting, mapping and analysing the quantitative data of historical dialects, and sets the research agenda for future work in this field. Bringing together a range of distinguished researchers, the book sets out the key corpus-building strategies for working with regional manuscript data at different levels of linguistic analysis including syntax, morphology, phonetics and phonology. The chapters also show the ways in which the geographical spread of phonological, morphological and lexical features of a language can be used to improve our assessment of the geographical provenance of historical texts.

This book is about the ways in which rhyme in French verse produces shapes or interferes with meaning - a topic which, despite its centrality, has hitherto received little critical attention. Part 1 examines those features which are peculiar to French rhyme - the different degrees of rhyme, rhyme gender, the frequency of rhymes on suffixes and endings - and explores the contributions they make to a poem's structure and semantic productivity. Its concern is twofold: to test the adequacy of the current methods of classifying rhymes and to demonstrate how comprehensive interpretations of a poem can be constructed from its rhyme-data. But wider issues are also confronted, including the relationships between rhyme and textuality, between rhyme and truth, between rhyme and rhythm. Part 2 analyses specific plays, poems and collections of poems: Racine's Mithridate, Moliere's Les Femmes Savantes, Voltaire's Poeme sur le Desastre de Lisbonne, Verlaine's Fetes galantes and Aragon's Les Yeux d'Elsa.

This is the first in-depth historical treatment of the grammar of the Neapolitan dialect, providing an exhaustive documentation and description of all aspects of the phonology, morphology and syntax of the dialect (and neighbouring varieties spoken in and around the Bay of Naples) which is comprehensive enough to qualify as a reference grammar, but is formulated within a conceptual framework which allows individual facts to be studied as part of a coherent system and compared with other Romance languages. In this respect, it makes a significant contribution towards cataloguing the linguistic typology of dialects within the Italian peninsula.

This book contains some of the material which originally appeared in my Ph. D. thesis Lexical Phonology, submitted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but it can hardly be called a revised version of the thesis. The theory that I propose here is in many ways radically different from the one that I proposed in the thesis, and there is a great deal of new data and analyses from English and Malayalam. Chapter VI is so new that I haven't even had the time to try it out on my friends. As everyone knows, research is a collective enterprise, even though an individual's name appears on the first page of the book or article. I would think of this book as a joint project involving dozens of people, in which I acted as the project coordinator, collecting suggestions from a wide variety of sources. Four major influences on what the book contains were Morris Halle, Paul Kiparsky, Mark Liberman, and Joan Bresnan. I learned the ropes of doing research on phonology, phonetics, and morphology from them, and almost everything that I discuss in this book owes its shape ultimately to one of them. Among the others who contributed generously to this book are: Jay Keyser, James Harris, Douglas Pulleyblank, Diana Archangeli, Donca Steriade, Elizabeth Selkirk, Francois Dell, Noam Chomsky, Philip Lesourd, Mohammed Guerssel, Michel Kenstovicz, Raj Singh, Will Leben, Joe Perkell, Victor Zue, Paroo Nihalani. P. Madhavan, and Stephanie Shattuck-Hafnagel.

The aim of this study is to establish whether conversational competence competes with grammatical competence (as suggested by the 'grammar for conversation' approach) or whether it is limited to the kinds of scope left open for it by grammar. Three detailed analyses of phenomena displayed by present-day German taken from corpora of everyday conversation demonstrate that the latter is in fact the case. These phenomena are phrase order in sentences, accent collisions and speech tempo. Another point that emerges from the study is that the scope provided by grammar rules and hence the potential impact of conversation strategies vary according to the type of phenomenon in question.

This book is a revised version of my Ph.D. dissertation that was submitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983. Although much of the analysis and argumentation of the dissertation has survived rewriting, the organization has been considerably changed. To Paul Kiparsky and Morris Halle, lowe a major debt. Not only has it been a great privilege to work on phonology with both of them, but it is hard to imagine what this piece of research would have looked like without them. (They, of course, may well imagine a number of appropriate ways in which the work could be different had I not been involved .... ) In addition, special thanks are due to Ken Hale, the third member of my thesis committee. Our discussions of a variety of topics (including tone) helped me to keep a broader outlook on language than might have otherwise been the result of concentrating on a thesis topic.

The Handbook of Phonological Theory, second edition offers an innovative and detailed examination of recent developments in phonology, and the implications of these within linguistic theory and related disciplines. * Revised from the ground-up for the second edition, the book is comprised almost entirely of newly-written and previously unpublished chapters * Addresses the important questions in the field including learnability, phonological interfaces, tone, and variation, and assesses the findings and accomplishments in these domains * Brings together a renowned and international contributor team * Offers new and unique reflections on the advances in phonological theory since publication of the first edition in 1995 * Along with the first edition, still in publication, it forms the most complete and current overview of the subject in print

De fonologie beschouwt het als haar taak, de klanksystemen der verschillende talen alsmede de functies van elk hunner elementen te bestuderen. En die taak vloeit voort uit het inzicht, dat de klanken ener taal een geordend systeem vormen, waarin elk hunner een bepaalde plaats inneemt. (N. van Wijk, Phon%gie een hoofdstuk uit de structurele taalwetenschap) 1. 1. Het onderwerp van dit boek De bekende Amerikaanse fonoloog James Harris begint in zijn laatste boek (Harris 1983) een uiteenzetting over de Spaanse lettergreep als voIgt: "Consider the word huey 'ox' ." Zo'n mooie openingszin hebben wij voor dit boek niet kunnen bedenken, maar we zijn het weI met Harris eens dat een inleiding het gemakkelijkst begonnen kan worden met een voorbeeld. We beginnen daarom met de volgende zin: (1) De groep praatte als een stelletje gladiolen over de dwarsdruknorm. Aan de hand van deze zin kan een grote hoeveelheid taalkunde worden geillustreerd. Met een deel daarvan benje ongetwijfeld bekend, met een deel misschien een beetje, en met een groot deel (kunnen we zonder schroom aannemen) totaal niet. In het deel waarmee je redelijk goed bekend bent, huist hoogstwaarschijnlijk bijvoorbeeld de simpele observatie dat het eerste woord van de zin een zogenaamd lidwoord is; ook dat het eerste zelfstandig naamwoord van de zin bestaat uit de opeenvolging van klanken g. r. oe en p; dat het werkwoord be staat uit de klanken t, p, r, a en de zwakke klinker e, maar dan in een andere volgorde, enzovoort.

In diesem Buch werden die sprachlichen Moeglichkeiten fur den Ausdruck von Schmerz im Deutschen analysiert. Die Studie basiert sowohl auf schriftsprachlichen Daten als auch auf Gesprachsdaten, die aus Arzt-Patienten-Gesprachen und aus Gesprachen mit Schmerzpatientinnen stammen. Bei der Auswertung des umfangreichen Datenkorpus werden die Methoden der Construction Grammar und der Gesprachsanalyse miteinander verbunden. Im ersten Teil der Untersuchung werden mit Methoden der Rahmensemantik (Frame Semantics) und der Construction Grammar die syntaktischen Konstruktionen beschrieben, die im Deutschen zum Ausdruck von koerperlichem Schmerz zur Verfugung stehen, wie z. B. "Ich habe Schmerzen" oder "Mein Bein tut weh". Im zweiten Teil wird der Gebrauch dieser Schmerzkonstruktionen im Gesprach analysiert. Dabei wird systematisch gepruft, in welcher Weise die gesamten sprachlichen Moeglichkeiten beim Ausdruck koerperlicher Schmerzen im Gesprach genutzt werden und wie sie sequenziell eingeordnet werden koennen. Zum Schluss werden die Muster bei der mundlichen Darstellung chronischer Schmerzen untersucht. Dieser letzte Teil ist in erster Linie auch fur Mediziner und andere sprachwissenschaftliche Laien von Interesse.

The History of English Spelling reveals the history of Modern English spelling, tracing its origins and development from Old English up to the present day. * Includes a wealth of information and data on English spelling not available anywhere else * Features a complementary website with additional material at www.historyofenglishspelling.info * Includes detailed coverage of the contributions from French, Latin, Greek - and the many other languages - to our current orthography * Serves as a companion volume to Geoffrey Hughes's A History of English Words in the same series

Galilee has been a crossroads of cultures, religions, and languages for centuries, as illustrated in these fascinating Bedouin folktales, which offer excellent examples of the Arabic narrative tradition of the Middle East. Bedouin Folktales from the North of Israel collects nearly 60 traditional folktales, told mostly by women, that have been carefully translated in the same colloquial style in which they were told. These stories are grouped into themes of love and devotion, ghouls and demons, and animal stories. The work also includes phonetic transcription and linguistic annotation. Accompanying each folktale is a comprehensive ethnographic, folkloristic, and linguistic commentary, placing the tales in context with details on Galilee Bedouin dialects and the tribes themselves. A rich, multifaceted collection, Bedouin Folktales from the North of Israel is an invaluable resource for linguists, folklorists, anthropologists, and any reader interested in a tradition of storytelling handed down through the centuries.