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Books > Language & Literature > Language & linguistics > Phonetics, phonology, prosody (speech)
The essays in this volume explore the educational implications of
unsettling shifts in contemporary culture associated with
postmodernism. These shifts include the fragmentation of
established power blocs, the emergence of a politics of identity,
growing inequalities between the haves and the have-nots in a new
global economy, and the rise in influence of popular culture in
defining who we are. In the academy, postmodernism has been
associated with the emergence of new theoretical perspectives that
are unsettling the way we think about education. These shifts, the
authors suggest, are deeply contradictory and may lead in divergent
political directions--some of them quite dangerous.
"Power/Knowledge/Pedagogy" examines these issues with regard to
four broad domains of educational inquiry: state educational policy
and curriculum reform, student identity formation, the curriculum
as a text, and critical pedagogy. The book contributes to the
dialogue on the forging of a new commonsense discourse on
democratic educational renewal, attuned to the changing times in
which we live.
This study draws on the theory and methodology of interactional
linguistics to examine the effects of multilingualism on the syntax
and prosody of young Germans of Turkish extraction in everyday
conversation. The study concludes that prosodic categories such as
rhythm and intonation are influential substrate elements. Yet the
influence of Turkish is not one of mere transfer. New, rule-based
forms have arisen that serve as resources for specific tasks in
conversation.
Linguistic Concepts and Methods in CSCW is the first book devoted
to the innovative new area of research in CSCW. It concentrates on
the use of language in context - the area most widely researched in
conjunction with CSCW - but also examines grammatical construction,
semantics and the significance of the spoken, written and graphic
mediums. A variety of other related topics, such as
sociolinguistics, stylistics, psycholinguistics, computational
linguistics, and applied linguistics are also covered.
This book will be of interest to researchers in CSCW, linguistics
and computational linguistics. It will also provide invaluable
reading for industrial and commercial researchers who are
interested in the implications of such research for the design of
marketable systems.
Series Information: Routledge Language Family Series
The text book describes modern phonological theories at a level
which is advanced and yet easy to understand. The book is intended
mainly for beginning as well as advanced students of general and
German linguistics, but is also suitable for self-study.
The work published in Phonology and Phonetic Evidence presents an
integrated phonetics-phonology approach in what has become an
established field, laboratory phonology. This 1995 volume is
divided into three sections. Part I deals with the status and role
of features in phonological representations; Part II, on prosody,
contains, amongst others, two papers which present for the first
time detailed acoustic and perceptual evidence on the rhythm rule;
and Part III, on articulatory organisation, includes several papers
which from different perspectives test hypotheses derived from
articulatory phonology, thereby testifying to the great influence
this theory has exerted in recent years. This, the fourth in the
series of Papers in Laboratory Phonology, will be welcomed by all
those interested in phonetics, phonology and their interface.
Two research traditions dominate the phonological description of
rhythm. One is the typology of syllabic and accentual languages,
the other metrical phonology. The first of these approaches
determines rhythmic quality in temporal terms, the second in terms
of accent. The present monograph sets out to show that both these
approaches are problematical for a universal phonology of rhythm
seeking to place equal emphasis on time and accentual prominence
and supported by evidence culled from phonetics, psycholinguistics,
and a poetological approach to metre.
This volume discusses all phonetic aspects of speech production:
the articulatory apparatus and the way it is controlled,
measurement and modeling of articulatory movements, segmental and
prosodic aspects of articulation control. In addition, the author
proposes a complete phonetic model of speech production proceeding
from the level of articulation planning for utterances and charting
the generation of articulatory movements, vocal tract geometries
and acoustic speech signals.
The last 50 years have witnessed a rapid growth in the understanding of the articulation and the acoustics of vowels. Contemporary theories of speech perception have concentrated on consonant perception, and this volume is intended as a balance to such bias. The authors propose a computational theory of auditory vowel perception, accounting for vowel identification in the face of acoustic differences between speakers and speaking rate and stress. This work lays the foundation for future experimental and computational studies of vowel perception.
This book analyses and challenges the metatheoretical framework
which supports information-processing models of human speech
perception. The first part consists of a review of speech
perception research in the information-processing paradigm; an
overview of the cognitivist philosophy from which this approach
takes its justification; and an introduction to some relevant
themes of phenomenological philosophy. The second half uses the
phenomenological insights discussed to demonstrate some
inadequacies of cognitivism; to show how these inadequacies
underlie problems with the information-processing theory; and
suggests an alternative framework with significant change of focus.
Morphological productivity has, over the centuries, been a major factor in providing the huge vocabulary of English and remains one of the most contested areas in the study of word formation and structure. This book takes an eclectic approach to the topic, applying the findings for morphology to syntax and phonology. Bringing together the results of twenty years' work in the field, it provides new insights and considers a wide range of linguistic and psycholinguistic evidence.
Proceeding from a systematic analysis of excerpts from televised
verbal exchanges, the study demonstrates how prosody, gesture and
gaze can mark syntactic boundaries and support linguistic 'repair
jobs'. This underlines their cardinal significance for the
perception of syntax and comprehension processes in conversational
intercourse. By contrast, prosodic and nonverbal means of
expression are not determined by syntax but function as signalling
systems in their own right providing their users with a variety of
additional semantic or stylistic/pragmatic differentiation
resources.
This book presents an experimental-phonetic approach to the study
of intonation, defined as the ensemble of pitch variations in
speech. It brings together in a single volume a detailed
explication of the stylization method used in the analysis of
intonation; theoretical insights and the experimental evidence that
supports them, the results of physiological measurements that
substantiate hypotheses about the production of intonation; and
applications arising from the research. Johan't Hart, Rene Collier
and Antonie Cohen argue that a perception-oriented approach,
carried out by studying the perceptual consequences of deliberate
manipulations of the speech signal, is the only way in which it can
be decided what, out of the abundant information in the acoustic
domain, is important for the listener and hence may be relevant for
communication. The method they employ is fruitful not only for the
analysis of Dutch, but also of British English, German and Russian
intonation.
From the early seventies in particular, sound recording has been a
frequent research tool in the field of linguistics. The volume
documents the recording of spoken German made for linguistic
purposes with the aim of providing an overview of the material thus
collected and encouraging multiple utilisation of data assembled
with considerable effort and expense.
The book offers a significant theoretical and empirical
contribution to the ongoing vigorous debate on loanword phonology,
its major mechanisms and various interpretations. It provides an
in-depth analysis of a rich body of novel experimental data on
online adaptation of Polish consonant clusters, absent in English,
by native speakers of British English. The analysis is couched
within the framework of Optimality Theory. The author argues for
the phonological approach to loanword adaptation as well as for the
core-periphery structure of the English lexicon and shows that the
proposed perspective allows for a deep insight into the nature of
the collected language data.
Edinburgh (now the Angus McIntosh Centre for Historical
Linguistics), such as eLALME (the electronic version A Linguistic
Atlas of Late Medieval English), LAEME (A Linguistic Atlas of Early
Middle English) and LAOS (A Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots), this
volume illustrates how traditional methods of historical
dialectology can benefit from new methods of data-collection to
test out theoretical and empirical claims. In showcasing the
results that these resources can yield in the digital age, the book
highlights novel methods for presenting, mapping and analysing the
quantitative data of historical dialects, and sets the research
agenda for future work in this field. Bringing together a range of
distinguished researchers, the book sets out the key
corpus-building strategies for working with regional manuscript
data at different levels of linguistic analysis including syntax,
morphology, phonetics and phonology. The chapters also show the
ways in which the geographical spread of phonological,
morphological and lexical features of a language can be used to
improve our assessment of the geographical provenance of historical
texts.
This book is about the ways in which rhyme in French verse produces
shapes or interferes with meaning - a topic which, despite its
centrality, has hitherto received little critical attention. Part 1
examines those features which are peculiar to French rhyme - the
different degrees of rhyme, rhyme gender, the frequency of rhymes
on suffixes and endings - and explores the contributions they make
to a poem's structure and semantic productivity. Its concern is
twofold: to test the adequacy of the current methods of classifying
rhymes and to demonstrate how comprehensive interpretations of a
poem can be constructed from its rhyme-data. But wider issues are
also confronted, including the relationships between rhyme and
textuality, between rhyme and truth, between rhyme and rhythm. Part
2 analyses specific plays, poems and collections of poems: Racine's
Mithridate, Moliere's Les Femmes Savantes, Voltaire's Poeme sur le
Desastre de Lisbonne, Verlaine's Fetes galantes and Aragon's Les
Yeux d'Elsa.
This is the first in-depth historical treatment of the grammar of
the Neapolitan dialect, providing an exhaustive documentation and
description of all aspects of the phonology, morphology and syntax
of the dialect (and neighbouring varieties spoken in and around the
Bay of Naples) which is comprehensive enough to qualify as a
reference grammar, but is formulated within a conceptual framework
which allows individual facts to be studied as part of a coherent
system and compared with other Romance languages. In this respect,
it makes a significant contribution towards cataloguing the
linguistic typology of dialects within the Italian peninsula.
This book contains some of the material which originally appeared
in my Ph. D. thesis Lexical Phonology, submitted at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but it can hardly be called
a revised version of the thesis. The theory that I propose here is
in many ways radically different from the one that I proposed in
the thesis, and there is a great deal of new data and analyses from
English and Malayalam. Chapter VI is so new that I haven't even had
the time to try it out on my friends. As everyone knows, research
is a collective enterprise, even though an individual's name
appears on the first page of the book or article. I would think of
this book as a joint project involving dozens of people, in which I
acted as the project coordinator, collecting suggestions from a
wide variety of sources. Four major influences on what the book
contains were Morris Halle, Paul Kiparsky, Mark Liberman, and Joan
Bresnan. I learned the ropes of doing research on phonology,
phonetics, and morphology from them, and almost everything that I
discuss in this book owes its shape ultimately to one of them.
Among the others who contributed generously to this book are: Jay
Keyser, James Harris, Douglas Pulleyblank, Diana Archangeli, Donca
Steriade, Elizabeth Selkirk, Francois Dell, Noam Chomsky, Philip
Lesourd, Mohammed Guerssel, Michel Kenstovicz, Raj Singh, Will
Leben, Joe Perkell, Victor Zue, Paroo Nihalani. P. Madhavan, and
Stephanie Shattuck-Hafnagel.
The aim of this study is to establish whether conversational
competence competes with grammatical competence (as suggested by
the 'grammar for conversation' approach) or whether it is limited
to the kinds of scope left open for it by grammar. Three detailed
analyses of phenomena displayed by present-day German taken from
corpora of everyday conversation demonstrate that the latter is in
fact the case. These phenomena are phrase order in sentences,
accent collisions and speech tempo. Another point that emerges from
the study is that the scope provided by grammar rules and hence the
potential impact of conversation strategies vary according to the
type of phenomenon in question.
This book is a revised version of my Ph.D. dissertation that was
submitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983.
Although much of the analysis and argumentation of the dissertation
has survived rewriting, the organization has been considerably
changed. To Paul Kiparsky and Morris Halle, lowe a major debt. Not
only has it been a great privilege to work on phonology with both
of them, but it is hard to imagine what this piece of research
would have looked like without them. (They, of course, may well
imagine a number of appropriate ways in which the work could be
different had I not been involved .... ) In addition, special
thanks are due to Ken Hale, the third member of my thesis
committee. Our discussions of a variety of topics (including tone)
helped me to keep a broader outlook on language than might have
otherwise been the result of concentrating on a thesis topic.
The Handbook of Phonological Theory, second edition offers an
innovative and detailed examination of recent developments in
phonology, and the implications of these within linguistic theory
and related disciplines. * Revised from the ground-up for the
second edition, the book is comprised almost entirely of
newly-written and previously unpublished chapters * Addresses the
important questions in the field including learnability,
phonological interfaces, tone, and variation, and assesses the
findings and accomplishments in these domains * Brings together a
renowned and international contributor team * Offers new and unique
reflections on the advances in phonological theory since
publication of the first edition in 1995 * Along with the first
edition, still in publication, it forms the most complete and
current overview of the subject in print
De fonologie beschouwt het als haar taak, de klanksystemen der
verschillende talen alsmede de functies van elk hunner elementen te
bestuderen. En die taak vloeit voort uit het inzicht, dat de
klanken ener taal een geordend systeem vormen, waarin elk hunner
een bepaalde plaats inneemt. (N. van Wijk, Phon%gie een hoofdstuk
uit de structurele taalwetenschap) 1. 1. Het onderwerp van dit boek
De bekende Amerikaanse fonoloog James Harris begint in zijn laatste
boek (Harris 1983) een uiteenzetting over de Spaanse lettergreep
als voIgt: "Consider the word huey 'ox' ." Zo'n mooie openingszin
hebben wij voor dit boek niet kunnen bedenken, maar we zijn het weI
met Harris eens dat een inleiding het gemakkelijkst begonnen kan
worden met een voorbeeld. We beginnen daarom met de volgende zin:
(1) De groep praatte als een stelletje gladiolen over de
dwarsdruknorm. Aan de hand van deze zin kan een grote hoeveelheid
taalkunde worden geillustreerd. Met een deel daarvan benje
ongetwijfeld bekend, met een deel misschien een beetje, en met een
groot deel (kunnen we zonder schroom aannemen) totaal niet. In het
deel waarmee je redelijk goed bekend bent, huist
hoogstwaarschijnlijk bijvoorbeeld de simpele observatie dat het
eerste woord van de zin een zogenaamd lidwoord is; ook dat het
eerste zelfstandig naamwoord van de zin bestaat uit de opeenvolging
van klanken g. r. oe en p; dat het werkwoord be staat uit de
klanken t, p, r, a en de zwakke klinker e, maar dan in een andere
volgorde, enzovoort.
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