This volume brings together new papers advancing contemporary debates in foundational, conceptual, and methodological issues in cognitive neuroscience. The different perspectives presented in each chapter have previously been discussed between the authors, as the volume builds on the experience of Neural Mechanisms (NM) Online - webinar series on the philosophy of neuroscience organized by the editors of this volume. The contributed chapters pertain to five core areas in current philosophy of neuroscience. It surveys the novel forms of explanation (and prediction) developed in cognitive neuroscience, and looks at new concepts, methods and techniques used in the field. The book also highlights the metaphysical challenges raised by recent neuroscience and demonstrates the relation between neuroscience and mechanistic philosophy. Finally, the book dives into the issue of neural computations and representations. Assembling contributions from leading philosophers of neuroscience, this work draws upon the expertise of both established scholars and promising early career researchers.

This contributed volume discusses the multiple roles of astrocytes, which determine the progression and outcome of neuropsychiatric diseases. This emerging area of study examines the ways in which astrocytes are involved in various aspects of disease initiation, progression and resolution. This monograph aims to integrate the body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing the active role of astrocytes in neuropsychiatric pathology and in psychiatric disorders. Understanding roles of astrocytes in pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aid the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be valuable for researchers and workers in the fields of neurobiology, neurology, and psychiatry, as well as fill the need for a textbook used in advanced courses/graduate seminars in glial pathophysiology.

Men and women are different -- there's no denying it. So why do we constantly expect the same actions and feelings from them? This enormously helpful book not only enables you to recognize the differences between you and your loved one but also leads you toward an acceptance of those differences, thereby paving the way for a stronger relationship.

With his characteristic wit and wisdom, relationship expert John Gray explains the different ways men and women communicate, cope with stress, resolve conflicts, and experience and give love. Once you understand these differences, you'll be better equipped to handle inevitable bumps in the road, and be on your way to a long-lasting and truly loving relationship.

Communication is a key component of everyday life, but what happens when an individual is faced with a communication disorder? Today, the prevalence of individuals with communication disorders has increased substantially. However, many of these ailments are poorly understood, and medical professionals often lack the training and research necessary to manage and treat these individuals. The Handbook of Research on Psychosocial Perspectives of Human Communication Disorders is a critical scholarly resource that covers needs-based issues pertaining to the assessment and management of communication disorders. It provides the latest research on the importance of early identification, as well as prevention and intervention practices to promote healthy cognitive, speech, language, motor, social, and emotional development. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as speech therapy for children, behavior therapy, and communication disorders, this book is a vital reference source for clinical psychologists, audiologists, speech-language pathologists, special education teachers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, physiatrists, otolaryngologists, and neurologists.

This fourth volume contains further ground-breaking and highly relevant work. Taking on the placebo and nocebo phenomenon, pain management and muscles and pain the volume yet again promotes the forward thinking and cutting edge work of the Physiotherapy Pain Association. In Part 1 a number of internationally renowned clinicians and researchers have come together to produce the first published attempt to broadly address and critically appraise the placebo and nocebo phenomenon from a clinical perspective for physiotherapists. The information and the way the material is presented should fascinate as well as challenge readers to think and work differently. Understanding the placebo fully requires a radical shift in thinking about human recovery mechanisms and the way in which treatments can be triggered to work at their most efficient. Part 2 takes on three more pain management topics - the integration of pain management approaches and techniques for individual therapists working with individual patients or in 'out-patient' settings; information giving for patients and addressing the taxing problem of improving fitness in patients with chronic pain related incapacity. The last part is devoted to some major issues surrounding the relationship of muscles to pain. Many current beliefs about the role of muscles come under scrutiny and some are constructively challenged by new proposals. Perhaps the most exciting aspect of the work presented here is that physiotherapy, if it fully integrates the information provided into clinical practice, should be increasingly recognised as the central and essential component of modern management of musculoskeletal pain states. The Topical Issues in Pain series derives from the work, study days and seminars of the Physiotherapy Pain Association and is written by clinicians for clinicians. Each volume reviews the literature and presents best practice in a lively and understandable text. All clinicians will benefit from the straightforward advice.

Pain is the most frustrating condition a physiotherapist encounters. This is the first yearbook of the Physiotherapy Pain Association for Chartered Physiotherapists. It considers two challenging aspects of pain in physiotherapy practice and provides insights and approaches to management that can be applied by all clinicians. Part 1 critically reviews pathology, pain mechanisms and current therapies and offers a biopsychosocial approach to assessment, prevention, and management of pain following whiplash injury. It assists the reader to understand and work with people who have developed chronic pain. Part 2 considers the relationship between fear and anxiety and activity and exercise behaviour; it describes an approach to back pain rehabilitation that incorporates an understanding of the key elements of fear-avoidance. In particular, it shows how the language that clinicians use may assist patients to develop positive attitudes that foster coping mechanisms. The Physiotherapy Pain Association Yearbooks are written by clinicians for clinicians. Each volume reviews the literature and presents best practice in a lively and understandable text. All clinicians will benefit from the straightforward advice.

This book covers the explosion of new information about the relationship between the brain and its blood supply since the first edition was published in 2009. With new knowledge and its impact on clinical care, neurovascular neuropsychology has become a recognized sub-specialty that has been integrated into health care systems in the US and abroad. The second edition brings to this larger audience the latest word on these matters, with new emphasis on women's issues, relevance to the pediatric population, insights from modern imaging, and advances in medical and surgical treatments such as heart transplantation, cardiovascular transarterial therapies, and noninvasive brain stimulation in connection with neurocognitive outcomes.

The groundbreaking bestseller that redefines intelligence and success Does IQ define our destiny? Daniel Goleman argues that our view of human intelligence is far too narrow, and that our emotions play major role in thought, decision making and individual success. Self-awareness, impulse control, persistence, motivation, empathy and social deftness are all qualities that mark people who excel: whose relationships flourish, who are stars in the workplace. With new insights into the brain architecture underlying emotion and rationality, Goleman shows precisely how emotional intelligence can be nurtured and strengthened in all of us.

Behavioral and Neural Genetics of Zebrafish assembles the state-of-the-art methodologies and current concepts pertinent to their neurobehavioral genetics. Discussing their natural behavior, motor function, learning and memory, this book focuses on the fry and adult zebrafish, featuring a comprehensive account of modern genetic and neural methods adapted to, or specifically developed for, Danio rerio. Numerous examples of how these behavioral methods may be utilized for disease models using the zebrafish are presented, as is a section on bioinformatics and "big-data" related questions.

The purpose of this book is to educate readers regarding the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation across a variety of neurological conditions, with specific emphasis on rehabilitation-related change detectable via neuroimaging. For ease of reference, this information is divided into separate chapters by neurological condition, since the nature of cognitive impairment and mechanism of rehabilitation may differ across populations. Also included are discussions of the use of neuroimaging in cognitive rehabilitation trials, rigorous design of cognitive rehabilitation trials to have greater scientific impact (e.g., obtaining Class I evidence), and future directions for the field. As such, the book is designed to be useful to both clinicians and researchers involved in the rehabilitation of such conditions so that they can make informed decisions regarding evidence-based treatment to deploy in clinical settings or to further study in research endeavors.

Handbook of Amygdala Structure and Function, Volume 26, provides an updated overview on the functional neuroanatomy of amygdala nuclei, with an emphasis on interconnections (basolateral, central amygdala, medial amygdala) and their integration into related networks/circuits (prefrontal cortex, bed nucleus, nucleus accumbens). The design of this volume builds upon the foundations of functional neural circuits and the corresponding (cellular) electrophysiology important for the homeostatic control of amygdala function. This volume contains a dedicated section on the anatomical organization of the amygdala nuclei, emphasizing the role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that integrate signals and regulate behavior. Additional chapters discuss cellular physiology, plasticity and the integration of electrical signals that contribute to neural activity. The final section of the book connects the role of amygdala dysfunction and the development of disorders in human health and disease.

This book provides an essential overview of the broad range of functional brain imaging techniques, as well as neuroscientific methods suitable for various scientific tasks in fundamental and clinical neuroscience. It also shares information on novel methods in computational neuroscience, mathematical algorithms, image processing, and applications to neuroscience. The mammalian brain is a huge and complex network that consists of billions of neural and glial cells. Decoding how information is represented and processed by this neural network requires the ability to monitor the dynamics of large numbers of neurons at high temporal and spatial resolution over a large part of the brain. Functional brain optical imaging has seen more than thirty years of intensive development. Current light-using methods provide good sensitivity to functional changes through intrinsic contrast and are rapidly exploiting the growing availability of exogenous fluorescence probes. In addition, various types of functional brain optical imaging are now being used to reveal the brain's microanatomy and physiology.

This is the second volume in the series stimulated by/deriving from the work and study days of the Physiotherapy Pain Association. This volume is about some fundamental changes in practice which aim to prevent chronic incapacity from musculoskeletal pain problems. It is also about our relationships with our patients, and theirs with their pain and their families. As such, the information provided is essential to all professions involved in physical rehabilitation and prevention of chronic incapacity. When practice changes there is a necessary extension of traditional thinking into new territories and new skills to be taken on. In particular, all the chapters in this book underline the recognition that while musculoskeletal pain has a biomedical origin, there are also important psychosocial components that require management within a biopsychosocial framework. Authors provide background knowledge and practical guidance to help readers integrate the biopsychosocial model and biopsychosocial assessment into patient management. The material in this book is as important to the management of acute pain as it is to chronic pain states. Importantly, the book is not about categorising patients as having either real or not real pain. It represents a determined effort by all the authors to present clinicians with tools that will help them to better understand their patients; help prevent them becoming disabled, and help most to lead far more active and productive lives - no matter how complex the presentation. Volumes in the Topical Issues in Pain series are written by clinicians for clinicians. Each volume reviews the literature and presents best practice in a lively and understandable text. All clinicians will benefit from the straightforward advice. I look forward to this series and to the activities of the Physiotherapy Pain Association because they promise to revolutionise the morale, dignity and way of thinking of physiotherapists and thereby to affect everyone concerned with pain. Patrick Wall Physiotherapy 95(2):101-2

Originally published in 1977, the objective of this book was to examine the mechanisms by which the multiple factors or determinants - homeostatic deficits, hormonal influences, circadian rhythms, experiential and cognitive factors - become translated by the central nervous system into thermoregulatory, feeding, sexual, aggressive, and other behaviours. A conceptual framework has been used that reflects relevant contributions from biology, regulatory physiology, physiological psychology, and other neuroscience disciplines. The final chapter deals with difficulties in brain-behaviour research in relation to experimental strategies and with crucial problems for future investigation.

Spatial Neglect is one of the few areas in Neuropsychology where clinicians, psychologists and animal experimenters have succeeded in adopting a common language. The result of interaction between these three approaches has been some important new advances, which are presented in this volume. Apart from its clinical significance in neuropsychology, Spatial Neglect raises important questions in the field of behavioral neurosciences. In this volume, three aspects are examined: a) normal subjects, where new findings on spatial behavior are described. b) brain-lesioned subjects, where the classical studies on neglect are reconsidered in the light of new findings. c) animals, where new experimental situations allow a deeper understanding of the neural substrate.

This book challenges some long-held beliefs, models of treatment, and clinical reasoning about pain. It presents the current evidence on whatwe know about the sympathetic nervous system and the implications it has for patients with complex regional pain syndromes. Part 1 tackles controversial issues surrounding the role of the sympathetic nervous system in pain states and explores clinical challenges and questions that surround the topic. Can visceral disease precipitate musculoskeletal disorder? What do we know about mind body pathways? Where does the immune system fit in? What is complex regional pain syndrome? What is sympathetic maintained pain? How is it managed and treated? What are sympathetic blocks? Do they work? What happens to tissues when they are immobilised or under-used? What role does the sympathetic nervous system play in oedema, ischaemia and supersensitivity development? How can it cause pain? Part 2 is devoted to pain management. A single and highly authoritative chapter provides the information and clinical tools for us to deal more effectively with the distress and anger shown by some patients with back pain. There are excellent guidelines for clinicians seeking to further their 'Yellow Flag' assessment and management skills Part 3 addresses clinical effectiveness. It introduces, explains and discusses the concept and provides a rich resource for further research and investigation of the topic. There is also a critical look at 'evidence' and research into the effectiveness of acupuncture and TENS to help our understanding of the systematic review process and the pitfalls that so often occur in clinical research. The Topical Issues in Pain series derives from the work, study days and seminars of the Physiotherapy Pain Association and is written by clinicians for clinicians. Each volume reviews the literature and presents best practice in a lively and understandable text. All clinicians will benefit from the straightforward advice.

Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Although causal reasoning is a component of most of our cognitive functions, it has been neglected in cognitive psychology for many decades. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of the growing field, and its contribution to the world of cognitive science. The Handbook begins with an introduction of competing theories of causal learning and reasoning. In the next section, it presents research about basic cognitive functions involved in causal cognition, such as perception, categorization, argumentation, decision-making, and induction. The following section examines research on domains that embody causal relations, including intuitive physics, legal and moral reasoning, psychopathology, language, social cognition, and the roles of space and time. The final section presents research from neighboring fields that study developmental, phylogenetic, and cultural differences in causal cognition. The chapters, each written by renowned researchers in their field, fill in the gaps of many cognitive psychology textbooks, emphasizing the crucial role of causal structures in our everyday lives. This Handbook is an essential read for students and researchers of the cognitive sciences, including cognitive, developmental, social, comparative, and cross-cultural psychology; philosophy; methodology; statistics; artificial intelligence; and machine learning.

The major focus of this book is on the differences between ecological approaches to action (`action theories'), and theories on motor control and learning couched in terms of information processing (`motor theories'). Proponents of both approaches express their views in Part 1 and the differences between the approaches are further analysed. Part 2 presents empirical studies, while in Part 3, methodological, philosophical and scientific implications are discussed and the possibility of a solution is considered.

Compulsive Eating Behavior and Food Addiction: Emerging Pathological Constructs is the first book of its kind to emphasize food addiction as an addictive disorder. This book focuses on the preclinical aspects of food addiction research, shifting the focus towards a more complex behavioral expression of pathological feeding and combining it with current research on neurobiological substrates. This book will become an invaluable reference for researchers in food addiction and compulsive eating constructs. Compulsive eating behavior is a pathological form of feeding that phenotypically and neurobiologically resembles the compulsive-like behaviors associated with both drug abuse and behavioral addictions. Compulsive eating behavior, including Binge Eating Disorder (BED), certain forms of obesity, and 'food addiction' affect an estimated 70 million individuals worldwide.

This comprehensive update offers practical advice for professionals working in neuropsychology with older adults. Focusing on fundamentals, common issues, special considerations, and late-life cognitive disorders, respected names in this critical specialty address a wide range of presenting problems and assessment, diagnostic, and treatment concerns. Th roughout, coverage pays keen attention to detail, bringing real-world nuance to large-scale concepts and breaking down complex processes into digestible steps. And like its predecessor, the new Handbook features recommendations for test batteries and ends each chapter by extracting its "clinical pearls." A sampling of the topics covered: * Assessment of depression and anxiety in older adults. * The assessment of change: serial assessments in dementia evaluations. * Elder abuse identifi cation in older adults. * Clinical assessment of postoperative cognitive decline. * Cognitive training and rehabilitation in aging and dementia. * Diff erentiating mild cognitive impairment and cognitive changes of normal aging. * Evaluating cognition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This Second Edition of the Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Aging and Dementia offers a wealth of expert knowledge and hands-on guidance for neuropsychologists, gerontologists, social workers, and other clinicians interested in aging. Th is can be a valuable reference for those studying for board certifi cation in neuropsychology as well as a resource for veteran practitioners brushing up on key concepts in neuropsychology of age related disorders.