This book presents a comprehensive review of a diverse range of subjects in physics written by physicists who have all been taught by or are associated with K C Hines. Ken Hines was one great mentor with far-reaching influence on his students who later went on to make outstanding contributions to physics in their careers. The papers provide significant insights into statistical physics, plasma physics from fluorescent lighting to quantum pair plasmas, cosmic ray physics, nuclear reactions, and many other fields.

In this new book, an interdisciplinary and international team of experts provides an exploration of the emerging plasma science that is poised to make the plasma technology a reality in the manufacturing sector. The research presented here will stimulate new ideas, methods, and applications in the field of plasma science and nanotechnology. Plasma technology applications are being developed that could impact the global market for power, electronics, mineral, and other fuel commodities. Currently, plasma science is described as a revolutionary discipline in terms of its possible impact on industrial applications. It offers potential solutions to many problems using emerging techniques. In this book the authors provide a broad overview of recent trends in field plasma science and nanotechnology. Divided into several parts, Plasma and Fusion Science: From Fundamental Research to Technological Applications explores some basic plasma applications and research, space and atmospheric plasma, nuclear fusion, and laser plasma and industrial applications of plasma. A wide variety of cutting-edge topics are covered, including: * basic plasma physics * computer modeling for plasma * exotic plasma (including dusty plasma) * industrial plasma applications * laser plasma * nuclear fusion technology * plasma diagnostics * plasma processing * pulsed power * space astrophysical plasma * plasma and nanotechnology Pointing to current and possible future developments in plasma science and technology, the diverse research presented here will be valuable for researchers, scientists, industry professionals, and others involved in the revolutionary field of plasma and fusion science.

This book provides readers with an introductory understanding of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC), a type of fusion meant to retain plasma using an electrostatic field. IEC provides a unique approach for plasma confinement, as it offers a number of spin-off applications, such as a small neutron source for Neutron Activity Analysis (NAA), that all work towards creating fusion power. The IEC has been identified in recent times as an ideal fusion power unit because of its ability to burn aneutronic fuels like p-B11 as a result of its non-Maxwellian plasma dominated by beam-like ions. This type of fusion also takes place in a simple mechanical structure small in size, which also contributes to its viability as a source of power. This book posits that the ability to study the physics of IEC in very small volume plasmas makes it possible to rapidly investigate a design to create a power-producing device on a much larger scale. Along with this hypothesis the book also includes a conceptual experiment proposed for demonstrating breakeven conditions for using p-B11 in a hydrogen plasma simulation. This book also: Offers an in-depth look, from introductory basics to experimental simulation, of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement, an emerging method for generating fusion power Discusses how the Inertial Electrostatic Confinement method can be applied to other applications besides fusion through theoretical experiments in the text Details the study of the physics of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement in small-volume plasmas and suggests that their rapid reproduction could lead to the creation of a large-scale power-producing device Perfect for researchers and students working with nuclear fusion, Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion: Fundamentals and Applications also offers the current experimental status of IEC research, details supporting theories in the field and introduces other potential applications that stem from IEC.

This book explores novel computational strategies for simulating excess energy dissipation alongside transient structural changes in photoexcited molecules, and accompanying solvent rearrangements. It also demonstrates in detail the synergy between theoretical modelling and ultrafast experiments in unravelling various aspects of the reaction dynamics of solvated photocatalytic metal complexes. Transition metal complexes play an important role as photocatalysts in solar energy conversion, and the rational design of metal-based photocatalytic systems with improved efficiency hinges on the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms behind light-induced chemical reactions in solution. Theory and atomistic modelling hold the key to uncovering these ultrafast processes. Linking atomistic simulations and modern X-ray scattering experiments with femtosecond time resolution, the book highlights previously unexplored dynamical changes in molecules, and discusses the development of theoretical and computational frameworks capable of interpreting the underlying ultrafast phenomena.

This book provides a thorough account of the current status of achievements made in the area of soft X-Ray laser source development and of the increasingly diverse applications being demonstrated using such radiation sources. There is significant effort worldwide to develop very bright, short duration radiation sources in the X-Ray spectral region - driven by the multitude of potential applications in all branches of science. This book contains updates on several different approaches for comparative purposes but concentrates on developments in the area of laser-produced plasmas, whereby transient population inversion and gain between ion states is pumped by optical lasers interacting with pre-formed plasmas. Topics covered will include Laser-driven XRLs, Collisional XRLs, Recombination XRLs, Transient Inversion Collisional XRLs, Optical Field Ionization XRLs, Alternative XRL, pumping schemes Theory and simulations of XRL gain media and beam properties High order harmonic sources of XUV radiation, Free-electron lasers and other accelerator based X-Ray sources, X-Ray Laser drives, X-Ray optics and instrumentation Spectroscopy, and other diagnostics of laser media Applications of XRLs.

Developed from the lectures of a leading expert in plasma wave research, Plasma Kinetic Theory provides the essential material for an introductory course on plasma physics as well as the basis for a more advanced course on kinetic theory. Exploring various wave phenomena in plasmas, it offers wide-ranging coverage of the field.

After introducing basic kinetic equations and the Lenard-Balescu equation, the book covers the important Vlasov-Maxwell equations. The solutions of these equations in linear and quasilinear approximations comprise the majority of kinetic theory. Another main topic in kinetic theory is to assess the effects of collisions or correlations in waves. The author discusses the effects of collisions in magnetized plasma and calculates the different transport coefficients, such as pressure tensor, viscosity, and thermal diffusion, that depend on collisions.

With worked examples and problem sets that enable sound comprehension, this text presents a detailed, mathematical approach to applying plasma kinetic theory to diffusion processes in plasmas.

Statistical Mechanics: Fundamentals and Model Solutions, Second Edition Fully updated throughout and with new chapters on the Mayer expansion for classical gases and on cluster expansion for lattice models, this new edition of Statistical Mechanics: Fundamentals and Model Solutions provides a comprehensive introduction to equilibrium statistical mechanics for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of mathematics and physics. The author presents a fresh approach to the subject, setting out the basic assumptions clearly and emphasizing the importance of the thermodynamic limit and the role of convexity. With problems and solutions, the book clearly explains the role of models for physical systems, and discusses and solves various models. An understanding of these models is of increasing importance as they have proved to have applications in many areas of mathematics and physics. Features Updated throughout with new content from the field An established and well-loved textbook Contains new problems and solutions for further learning opportunity Author Professor Teunis C. Dorlas is at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland.

Scientists have long been looking for alternative methods for the cleaning of historical and cultural museum objects as conventional methods often fail to completely remove surface films, leaving contamination and surface residues behind. Low-temperature plasmas have recently been found to provide a new, efficient and durable approach that maintains the safety of both the materials and personnel. This book is the first to introduce the emerging use of low-temperature plasmas in the cleaning and decontamination of cultural heritage items. It provides a comprehensive exploration of the new possibilities of cleaning objects with plasma, before providing a practice guide to the individual cleaning methods and an overview of the technologies and conditions used in the different cleaning regimes. It is an ideal reference for researchers in plasma physics, in addition to professionals working in the field of historical and cultural conservation. Features: Provides a thorough overview of the cleaning potential of emerging plasma technologies in accessible language for professional restorers and conservators without a scientific background Includes the latest case studies from the field, which have not been published elsewhere yet Authored by a team of experts in the field About the Authors: Dr. Radko Tino is an Associate Professor at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia. Dr. Katarina Vizarova is an Associate Professor at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia. Dr. Frantisek Krcma is an Associate Professor at Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic. Dr. Milena Rehakova is an Associate Professor at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia. Dr. Viera Jancovicova is an Associate Professor at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia. Dr. Zdenka Kozakova is an Associate Professor at Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic.

Reference Data on Multicharged Ions summarizes spectroscopic and collisional atomic data for highly charged positive ions: oscillator strength, energy levels, transition probabilities, cross sections and rate coefficients of different elementary processes taking place in hot plasmas.
The book does not give complicated theory and formulas; it presents the data in abbreviated form using tables, figures and, if possible, scaling laws for different characteristics. The data is interpreted on physical grounds, and ample references are given to the original literature.

This volume provides a broad overview in the increasingly important field of laser-plasma interactions. With the growth of research into fusion much international effort is being devoted to the problems of inertial confinement. This collection of lectures provides the novice researcher with the context in which current research papers can be understood. Laser Plasma Interactions 5 is one of the first publications to include recently declassified results from the United States inertial confinement fusion research program and as such is an indispensable reference for those wishing to find out about this previously inaccessible research. Presented by 14 speakers of international repute, the emphasis throughout the volume is on inertial confinement fusion. Topics also covered include plasma radiation and transport processes, diagnostic measurements, dense plasmas, high power lasers and X-ray lasers.

Anomalous transport is a ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical, geophysical and laboratory plasmas; and is a key topic in controlled nuclear fusion research. Despite its fundamental importance and ongoing research interest, a full understanding of anomalous transport in plasmas is still incomplete, due to the complexity of the nonlinear phenomena involved. Aspects in Anomalous Transport in Plasmas is the first book to systematically consider anomalous plasma transport theory and provides a unification of the many theoretical models by emphasizing interrelations between seemingly different methodologies. It is not intended as a catalogue of the vast number of plasma instabilities leading to anomalous transport; instead it chooses a number of these and emphasizes the aspects specifically due to turbulence. After a brief introduction, the microscopic theory of turbulence is discussed, including quasilinear theory and various aspects of renormalization methods, which leads to an understanding of resonance broadening, mode coupling, trajectory correlation and clumps. The second half of the book is devoted to stochiastic tramsport, using methods based on the Langevin equations and on Random Walk theory. This treatment aims at going beyond the traditional limits of weak turbulence, by introducing the recently developed method of decorrelation trajectories, and its application to electrostatic turbulence, magnetic turbulence and zonal flow generation. The final chapter includes very recent work on the nonlocal transport phenomenon.

The topics covered in this book include: Theory of Scattering and Scintillation, Distribution of Scattering Material, Intra-day Variability, Pulsars and their Magnetospheric Structure, Polarization of AGN, Interplanetary Scintillation, and Future Highly-Sensitive Radio Telescopes. The introductory papers emphasize the essential properties of diffractive and refractive scattering, how they differ in temporal and frequency structure, and what they reveal about irregularities in the ISM. Pulsars can be examined in a number of different ways as a function of frequency: time variability (both short and long term), DM changes, pulse broadening, angular extent, and Faraday rotation. Intra-day variable sources (IDVs) are another major topic of the book. Although many variable sources clearly exhibit intrinsic changes, IDVs are generally believed to result from scintillation effects. They require source sizes on the ten micro-arcsec scale, the most extreme cases having profound implications for source lifetimes and emission mechanisms. Finally, a dozen contributions describe future large radio telescope projects, especially the Chinese FAST effort to build a 500 m spherical reflector of innovative design.

Atmospheric-pressure plasmas continue to attract considerable research interest due to their diverse applications, including high power lasers, opening switches, novel plasma processing applications and sputtering, EM absorbers and reflectors, remediation of gaseous pollutants, excimer lamps, and other noncoherent light sources. Atmospheric-pressure plasmas in air are of particular importance as they can be generated and maintained without vacuum enclosure and without any additional feed gases.

Non-Equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure reviews recent advances and applications in the generation and maintenance of atmospheric-pressure plasmas. With contributions from leading international researchers, the coverage includes advances in atmospheric-pressure plasma source development, diagnostics and characterization, air plasma chemistry, modeling and computational techniques, and an assessment of the status and prospects of atmospheric-pressure air plasma applications. The extensive application sections make this book attractive for practitioners in many fields where technologies based on atmospheric-pressure air plasmas are emerging.

More than 850 individuals partly forgotten by name, but sometimes found in historical writings, together with many well known or recently deceased persons are presented in terms of bio-data, short career highlights, and main advances made to the profession with a short biography of the main writings. If available, a portrait is also included. Hydraulicians in Europe, Volume 2 is a continuation of the first volume, both in outline and in coverage and pagination. Volumes 1 and 2 include more than 1500 biographies.

This book provides a compact yet comprehensive overview of recent developments in collisional-radiative (CR) modeling of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. It describes advances across the entire field, from basic considerations of model completeness to validation and verification of CR models to calculation of plasma kinetic characteristics and spectra in diverse plasmas. Various approaches to CR modeling are presented, together with numerous examples of applications. A number of important topics, such as atomic models for CR modeling, atomic data and its availability and quality, radiation transport, non-Maxwellian effects on plasma emission, ionization potential lowering, and verification and validation of CR models, are thoroughly addressed. Strong emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the field, such as XFEL spectroscopy. Written by leading international research scientists from a number of key laboratories, the book offers a timely summary of the most recent progress in this area. It will be a useful and practical guide for students and experienced researchers working in plasma spectroscopy, spectra simulations, and related fields.

The raw numbers of high-energy-density physics are amazing: shock waves at hundreds of km/s (approaching a million km per hour), temperatures of millions of degrees, and pressures that exceed 100 million atmospheres. This title surveys the production of high-energy-density conditions, the fundamental plasma and hydrodynamic models that can describe them and the problem of scaling from the laboratory to the cosmos. Connections to astrophysics are discussed throughout. The book is intended to support coursework in high-energy-density physics, to meet the needs of new researchers in this field, and also to serve as a useful reference on the fundamentals. Specifically the book has been designed to enable academics in physics, astrophysics, applied physics and engineering departments to provide in a single-course, an introduction to fluid mechanics and radiative transfer, with dramatic applications in the field of high-energy-density systems. This second edition includes pedagogic improvements to the presentation throughout and additional material on equations of state, heat waves, and ionization fronts, as well as problem sets accompanied by solutions.

The Interaction of High-Power Lasers with Plasmas provides a thorough self-contained discussion of the physical processes occurring in laser-plasma interactions, including a detailed review of the relevant plasma and laser physics. The book analyzes laser absorption and propagation, electron transport, and the relevant plasma waves in detail. It also discusses the physics of the electric and magnetic fields in a laser-induced plasma medium, laser-induced shock waves, rarefaction waves, heat waves, and the related hydrodynamic instabilities (Rayleigh-Taylor, Richtmyer-Meshkov, and Kelvin-Helmholtz).
A pedagogical presentation, the book addresses the basic physics issues from first principles, using simple models wherever appropriate. The coverage provides a foundation on which the graduate student can build an understanding of the past and present research in this field. For the experienced researcher, the book is a comprehensive and useful presentation of laser-plasma interactions.

Contents:
Preface Introduction 1. Kinetic Equation 2. Transport Equations 3. Quasihydrodynamic Approach 4. Grad's Method 5. Transport Phenomena in a Multicomponent Gas Mixture 6. Transport Phenomena in a Multispecies Plasma 7. Two-temperature Partially Ionized Gas 8. Multispecies Fully Ionized Plasma 9. Some Practical Applications 10. Transport Phenomena in a Polyatomic Gas Mixture Appendicies References Index

Atmospheric-pressure plasmas continue to attract considerable research interest due to their diverse applications, including high power lasers, opening switches, novel plasma processing applications and sputtering, EM absorbers and reflectors, remediation of gaseous pollutants, excimer lamps, and other noncoherent light sources. Atmospheric-pressure plasmas in air are of particular importance as they can be generated and maintained without vacuum enclosure and without any additional feed gases. Non-Equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure reviews recent advances and applications in the generation and maintenance of atmospheric-pressure plasmas. With contributions from leading international researchers, the coverage includes advances in atmospheric-pressure plasma source development, diagnostics and characterization, air plasma chemistry, modeling and computational techniques, and an assessment of the status and prospects of atmospheric-pressure air plasma applications. The extensive application sections make this book attractive for practitioners in many fields where technologies based on atmospheric-pressure air plasmas are emerging.

Introduction to Dusty Plasma Physics contains a detailed description of the occurrence of dusty plasmas in our Solar System, the Earth's mesosphere, and in laboratory discharges. The book illustrates numerous mechanisms for charging dust particles and provides studies of the grain dynamics under the influence of forces that are common in dusty plasma environments.

Theory and modelling with direct numerical simulation and experimental observations are indispensable in the understanding of the evolution of nature, in this case the theory and modelling of plasma and fluid turbulence. Plasma and Fluid Turbulence: Theory and Modelling explains modelling methodologies in depth with regard to turbulence phenomena and turbulent transport both in fluids and plasmas. Special attention is paid to structural formation and transitions. In this detailed book, the authors examine the underlying ideas describing turbulence, turbulent transport, and structural transitions in plasmas and fluids. By comparing and contrasting turbulence in fluids and plasmas, they demonstrate the basic physical principles common to fluids and plasmas while also highlighting particular differences. The book also discusses the application of these ideas to neutral fluids. Part I presents a general introduction to turbulence and structural formation in fluids and plasmas, and Part II explains methodologies for fluid turbulence. In Part III, the authors describe the subjects in magnetohydrodynamics, in particular, dynamo problems. The final section, Part IV, considers plasma turbulence and transport.

Photo acceleration has dominated the theoretical plasma physics area in recent years and has found application in all subjects where waves in continuous media are studied - plasma physics, astrophysics, and optics. This theory will provide a modern understanding of photon interaction with matter, helping to develop novel accelerators based on laser-plasma interactions, new radiation sources, and even new models for astrophysical objects.
Written by a major player in the field, this book describes the general theory of photo acceleration, which allows fluid, kinetic, quantum, and classical electrodynamical approaches to be formulated. It includes examples from plasma physics, cosmology, fiber optics, mathematical physics, particle accelerator physics, and radiation physics.

This textbook accommodates the two divergent developmental paths which have become solidly established in the field of fusion energy: the process of sequential tokamak development toward a prototype and the need for a more fundamental and integrative research approach before costly design choices are made.

Emphasis is placed on the development of physically coherent and mathematically clear characterizations of the scientific and technological foundations of fusion energy which are specifically suitable for a first course on the subject. Of interest, therefore, are selected aspects of nuclear physics, electromagnetics, plasma physics, reaction dynamics, materials science, and engineering systems, all brought together to form an integrated perspective on nuclear fusion and its practical utilization.

The book identifies several distinct themes. The first is concerned with preliminary and introductory topics which relate to the basic and relevant physical processes associated with nuclear fusion. Then, the authors undertake an analysis of magnetically confined, inertially confined, and low-temperature fusion energy concepts. Subsequently, they introduce the important blanket domains surrounding the fusion core and discuss synergetic fusion -- fission systems. Finally, they consider selected conceptual and technological subjects germane to the continuing development of fusion energy systems.

Transport phenomena in plasmas are the relatively slow processes of particle momentum and energy transport systems in a state of mechanical equilibrium. In contrast to neutral gases, these phenomena in plasmas are greatly influenced by self-consistent fields, in particular electric fields. These can produce particle and energy fluxes, in addition to those generated by the inhomogeneity of the plasma composition and temperature. As a result, the physical effects accompanying transport phenomena in plasmas are far more numerous and complicated than those in neutral gases, and the solution of corresponding problems is more difficult. The effects, however, are usually far more interesting and sometimes surprising. This book presents a systematic survey and analysis of the main mechanisms of transport phenomena in plasma and gives examples of gradually increasing complexity to illustrate these mechanisms and the relationships between them. The author pays special attention to the analysis of experimental measurements and considers the relevant processes analytically as well as qualitatively. The majority of problems dealt with in this book are of considerable practical interest, and the phenomena described often determine the main characteristics of processes and devices. Transport Phenomena in Partially Ionized Plasma will be of interest to researchers who need to know the properties of real, specific systems, as well as to engineers and advanced students in the physics of plasmas, semiconductors, various types of gas discharges and the ionosphere.

For the first time in a single book, Non-Linear Instabilities in Plasmas and Hydrodynamics presents the underlying physics of fast secondary instabilities. This exceptionally well-written, introductory book discusses the basic ideas of the physics of secondary or induced, nonlinear instabilities in wave-sustaining media. The authors, world-renowned experts in the field, have brought together the results of papers scattered throughout the literature to explain subjects as diverse as fluctuation chaos, wave-turbulent instabilities, vortex dynamos, beam-plasma interactions, plasma confinement, and the origins of typhoons in the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic fields in galaxies. Paving the way for new and exciting research in the future, this broad, interdisciplinary book enables a wide range of physicists to apply the concepts discussed to obtain new results in plasma physics, space physics, hydrodynamics, and geophysics.