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Books > Science & Mathematics > Physics > States of matter > Plasma physics

New Horizons in Fundamental Physics (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017): Stefan Schramm, Mirko Schafer New Horizons in Fundamental Physics (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017)
Stefan Schramm, Mirko Schafer
R3,970 Discovery Miles 39 700 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This volume presents the state-of-the-art in selected topics across modern nuclear physics, covering fields of central importance to research and illustrating their connection to many different areas of physics. It describes recent progress in the study of superheavy and exotic nuclei, which is pushing our knowledge to ever heavier elements and neutron-richer isotopes. Extending nuclear physics to systems that are many times denser than even the core of an atomic nucleus, one enters the realm of the physics of neutron stars and possibly quark stars, a topic that is intensively investigated with many ground-based and outer-space research missions as well as numerous theoretical works. By colliding two nuclei at very high ultra-relativistic energies one can create a fireball of extremely hot matter, reminiscent of the universe very shortly after the big bang, leading to a phase of melted hadrons and free quarks and gluons, the so-called quark-gluon plasma. These studies tie up with effects of crucial importance in other fields. During the collision of heavy ions, electric fields of extreme strength are produced, potentially destabilizing the vacuum of the atomic physics system, subsequently leading to the decay of the vacuum state and the emission of positrons. In neutron stars the ultra-dense matter might support extremely high magnetic fields, far beyond anything that can be produced in the laboratory, significantly affecting the stellar properties. At very high densities general relativity predicts the stellar collapse to a black hole. However, a number of current theoretical activities, modifying Einstein's theory, point to possible alternative scenarios, where this collapse might be avoided. These and related topics are addressed in this book in a series of highly readable chapters. In addition, the book includes fundamental analyses of the practicalities involved in transiting to an electricity supply mainly based on renewable energies, investigating this scenario less from an engineering and more from a physics point of view. While the topics comprise a large scope of activities, the contributions also show an extensive overlap in the methodology and in the analytical and numerical tools involved in tackling these diverse research fields that are the forefront of modern science.

Semiconductor Lasers - Stability, Instability and Chaos (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 4th ed. 2017): Junji... Semiconductor Lasers - Stability, Instability and Chaos (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 4th ed. 2017)
Junji Ohtsubo
R7,168 Discovery Miles 71 680 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book describes the fascinating recent advances made concerning the chaos, stability and instability of semiconductor lasers, and discusses their applications and future prospects in detail. It emphasizes the dynamics in semiconductor lasers by optical and electronic feedback, optical injection, and injection current modulation. Applications of semiconductor laser chaos, control and noise, and semiconductor lasers are also demonstrated. Semiconductor lasers with new structures, such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and broad-area semiconductor lasers, are intriguing and promising devices. Current topics include fast physical number generation using chaotic semiconductor lasers for secure communication, development of chaos, quantum-dot semiconductor lasers and quantum-cascade semiconductor lasers, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. This fourth edition has been significantly expanded to reflect the latest developments. The fundamental theory of laser chaos and the chaotic dynamics in semiconductor lasers are discussed, but also for example the method of self-mixing interferometry in quantum-cascade lasers, which is indispensable in practical applications. Further, this edition covers chaos synchronization between two lasers and the application to secure optical communications. Another new topic is the consistency and synchronization property of many coupled semiconductor lasers in connection with the analogy of the dynamics between synaptic neurons and chaotic semiconductor lasers, which are compatible nonlinear dynamic elements. In particular, zero-lag synchronization between distant neurons plays a crucial role for information processing in the brain. Lastly, the book presents an application of the consistency and synchronization property in chaotic semiconductor lasers, namely a type of neuro-inspired information processing referred to as reservoir computing.

Plasma Nitriding of Steels (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017): Hossein Aghajani, Sahand Behrangi Plasma Nitriding of Steels (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017)
Hossein Aghajani, Sahand Behrangi
R2,873 Discovery Miles 28 730 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book focuses on the effect of plasma nitriding on the properties of steels. Parameters of different grades of steels are considered, such as structural and constructional steels, stainless steels and tools steels. The reader will find within the text an introduction to nitriding treatment, the basis of plasma and its roll in nitriding. The authors also address the advantages and disadvantages of plasma nitriding in comparison with other nitriding methods.

Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 3rd ed. 2016): Francis Chen Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 3rd ed. 2016)
Francis Chen
R1,828 Discovery Miles 18 280 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This complete introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion by one of the pioneering scientists in this expanding field offers both a simple and intuitive discussion of the basic concepts of this subject and an insight into the challenging problems of current research. In a wholly lucid manner the work covers single-particle motions, fluid equations for plasmas, wave motions, diffusion and resistivity, Landau damping, plasma instabilities and nonlinear problems. For students, this outstanding text offers a painless introduction to this important field; for teachers, a large collection of problems; and for researchers, a concise review of the fundamentals as well as original treatments of a number of topics never before explained so clearly. This revised edition contains new material on kinetic effects, including Bernstein waves and the plasma dispersion function, and on nonlinear wave equations and solitons. For the third edition, updates was made throughout each existing chapter, and two new chapters were added; Ch 9 on "Special Plasmas" and Ch 10 on Plasma Applications (including Atmospheric Plasmas).

Surveys in Theoretical High Energy Physics - 2 - Lecture Notes from SERC Schools (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original... Surveys in Theoretical High Energy Physics - 2 - Lecture Notes from SERC Schools (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2016)
Raghavan Rangarajan, M. Sivakumar
R2,980 Discovery Miles 29 800 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

The book presents pedagogical reviews of important topics on high energy physics to the students and researchers in particle physics. The book also discusses topics on the Quark-Gluon plasma, thermal field theory, perturbative quantum chromodynamics, anomalies and cosmology. Students of particle physics need to be well-equipped with basic understanding of many concepts underlying the standard models of particle physics and cosmology. This is particularly true today when experimental results from colliders, such as large hadron collider (LHC) and relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC), as well as inferences from cosmological observations, are expected to further expand our understanding of particle physics at high energies. This volume is the second in the Surveys in Theoretical High Energy Physics Series (SThEP). Topics covered in this book are based on lectures delivered at the SERC Schools in Theoretical High Energy Physics at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, and the University of Hyderabad.

Plasma Remediation Technology for Environmental Protection (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017):... Plasma Remediation Technology for Environmental Protection (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017)
Changming Du, Jianhua Yan
R2,873 Discovery Miles 28 730 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book introduces a new technology for environmental protection, namely plasma cleaning. It brings together technological advances and research on plasma generators and their application in environmental science and engineering, including contaminated soil remediation, waste water degradation, metal recovery from waste solution, sterilization and polluted air remediation. It provides a balanced and comprehensive discussion of the core principles, novel plasma reactors and diagnostics, and state-of-the-art environmental applications of plasma. As such, it represents a valuable reference guide for scientists, engineers and graduate students in the fields of environmental science and plasma physics.

Hydrogen Generation from Ethanol using Plasma Reforming Technology (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017):... Hydrogen Generation from Ethanol using Plasma Reforming Technology (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017)
Jianhua Yan, Changming Du
R2,873 Discovery Miles 28 730 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book provides an overview of hydrogen production from renewable resources such as ethanol using plasma or plasma-catalytic technologies. Further, it presents a balanced and comprehensive treatment of the core principles, novel plasma reactors and diagnostics, as well as state-of-the-art plasma energy applications. It brings together technological advances and research on plasma generators and their application in hydrogen production, including plasma-assisted alcohol reforming technology, plasma-catalytic alcohol reforming technology, the alcohol reforming mechanism, models of alcohol reforming for hydrogen production, the energy balance of hydrogen production from ethanol, and a comparison of alcohol reforming assisted by different plasma treatment systems. As such, it offers a valuable reference guide for scientists, engineers and graduate students in the fields of energy and environment, plasma physics and chemistry.

High Field Plasmonics (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017): Luca Fedeli High Field Plasmonics (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017)
Luca Fedeli
R2,873 Discovery Miles 28 730 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This thesis describes pioneering research on the extension of plasmonics schemes to the regime of high-intensity lasers. By presenting a rich and balanced mix of experimentation, theory and simulation, it provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of high field plasmonics, including open issues and perspectives for future research. Combining specially designed targets and innovative materials with ultrashort, high-contrast laser pulses, the author experimentally demonstrates the effects of plasmon excitation on electron and ion emission. Lastly, the work investigates possible further developments with the help of numerical simulations, revealing the potential of plasmonics effects in the relativistic regime for advances in laser-driven sources of radiation, and for the manipulation of extreme light at the sub-micron scale.

Powerful Pulsed Plasma Generators - Research and Application (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2018):... Powerful Pulsed Plasma Generators - Research and Application (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2018)
Victor Kolikov, Alexander Bogomaz, Alexander Budin
R3,611 Discovery Miles 36 110 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book presents experimental and theoretical results on extremely powerful plasma generators. It addresses pulsed electrical mega-ampere arcs and the mechanisms of energy transfer from the arc into hydrogen, helium and air under pressures up to 250 MPa and currents up to 2 MA. Extreme plasma parameters and increased energy density in the arc were achieved. It was found experimentally that increasing the initial gas pressure to hundreds of MPa leads to improved arc stability, high efficiency of energy transfer from arc to gas, and plasma enthalpy growth. The data obtained data provides the basis for the development of electrophysical devices with high energy density, e.g. high intensity sources for visible, UV and X-ray irradiation for laser pumping, generators of high enthalpy plasma jets, and plasma chemical reactors.

Accretion Flows in Astrophysics (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2018): Nikolay Shakura Accretion Flows in Astrophysics (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2018)
Nikolay Shakura
R4,637 Discovery Miles 46 370 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book highlights selected topics of standard and modern theory of accretion onto black holes and magnetized neutron stars. The structure of stationary standard discs and non-stationary viscous processes in accretion discs are discussed to the highest degree of accuracy analytic theory can provide, including relativistic effects in flat and warped discs around black holes. A special chapter is dedicated to a new theory of subsonic settling accretion onto a rotating magnetized neutron star. The book also describes supercritical accretion in quasars and its manifestation in lensing events. Several chapters cover the underlying physics of viscosity in astrophysical discs with some important aspects of turbulent viscosity generation. The book is aimed at specialists as well as graduate students interested in the field of theoretical astrophysics.

Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2018): Paulo A. Ribeiro, Maria... Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2018)
Paulo A. Ribeiro, Maria Raposo
R2,873 Discovery Miles 28 730 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book covers key theoretical and practical aspects of optics, photonics and lasers. It addresses optical instrumentation and metrology, photonic and optoelectronic materials and devices, nanophotonics, organic and bio-photonics and high-field phenomena. Researchers, engineers, students and practitioners interested in any of these fields will find a wealth of new methods, technologies, advanced prototypes, systems, tools and techniques, as well as general surveys outlining future directions.

Theoretical Femtosecond Physics - Atoms and Molecules in Strong Laser Fields (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 3rd... Theoretical Femtosecond Physics - Atoms and Molecules in Strong Laser Fields (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 3rd ed. 2018)
Frank Grossmann
R1,781 Discovery Miles 17 810 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This textbook extends from the basics of femtosecond physics all the way to some of the latest developments in the field. In this updated edition, the chapter on laser-driven atoms is augmented by the discussion of two-electron atoms interacting with strong and short laser pulses, as well as by a review of ATI rings and low energy structures in photo-electron spectra. In the chapter on laser-driven molecules a discussion of 2D infrared spectroscopy is incorporated. Theoretical investigations of atoms and molecules interacting with pulsed lasers up to atomic field strengths on the order of 10^16 W/cm(2) are leading to an understanding of many challenging experimental discoveries. The presentation starts with a brief introduction to pulsed laser physics. The basis for the non-perturbative treatment of laser-matter interaction in the book is the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. Its analytical as well as numerical solution are laid out in some detail. The light field is treated classically and different possible gauges for the field-matter interaction are discussed. Physical phenomena, ranging from paradigmatic Rabi-oscillations in two-level systems to the ionization of atoms, the generation of high-order harmonics, the ionization and dissociation of molecules, as well as the control of chemical reactions are presented and discussed on a fundamental level. In this way, the theoretical background for state of the art experiments with strong and short laser pulses is given. The new text is augmented by several additional exercises and now contains a total of forty-eight problems, whose worked-out solutions are given in the last chapter. In addition, some detailed calculations are performed in the appendices. Furthermore, each chapter ends with references to more specialized literature.

Magnetohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics: Action Principles and Conservation Laws (Paperback, 1st ed. 2018): Gary Webb Magnetohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics: Action Principles and Conservation Laws (Paperback, 1st ed. 2018)
Gary Webb
R1,684 Discovery Miles 16 840 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This text focuses on conservation laws in magnetohydrodynamics, gasdynamics and hydrodynamics. A grasp of new conservation laws is essential in fusion and space plasmas, as well as in geophysical fluid dynamics; they can be used to test numerical codes, or to reveal new aspects of the underlying physics, e.g., by identifying the time history of the fluid elements as an important key to understanding fluid vorticity or in investigating the stability of steady flows. The ten Galilean Lie point symmetries of the fundamental action discussed in this book give rise to the conservation of energy, momentum, angular momentum and center of mass conservation laws via Noether's first theorem. The advected invariants are related to fluid relabeling symmetries - so-called diffeomorphisms associated with the Lagrangian map - and are obtained by applying the Euler-Poincare approach to Noether's second theorem. The book discusses several variants of helicity including kinetic helicity, cross helicity, magnetic helicity, Ertels' theorem and potential vorticity, the Hollman invariant, and the Godbillon Vey invariant. The book develops the non-canonical Hamiltonian approach to MHD using the non-canonical Poisson bracket, while also refining the multisymplectic approach to ideal MHD and obtaining novel nonlocal conservation laws. It also briefly discusses Anco and Bluman's direct method for deriving conservation laws. A range of examples is used to illustrate topological invariants in MHD and fluid dynamics, including the Hopf invariant, the Calugareanu invariant, the Taylor magnetic helicity reconnection hypothesis for magnetic fields in highly conducting plasmas, and the magnetic helicity of Alfven simple waves, MHD topological solitons, and the Parker Archimedean spiral magnetic field. The Lagrangian map is used to obtain a class of solutions for incompressible MHD. The Aharonov-Bohm interpretation of magnetic helicity and cross helicity is discussed. In closing, examples of magnetosonic N-waves are used to illustrate the role of the wave number and group velocity concepts for MHD waves. This self-contained and pedagogical guide to the fundamentals will benefit postgraduate-level newcomers and seasoned researchers alike.

Thermal Plasma Processing of Ilmenite (Paperback, 1st ed. 2018): Sneha Samal Thermal Plasma Processing of Ilmenite (Paperback, 1st ed. 2018)
Sneha Samal
R1,722 Discovery Miles 17 220 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book shows how to prepare titania rich slag from metallized ilmenite using thermal plasma processing. The author reveals the development of a thermal plasma process alternative to the current used ones, which are highly energy costly. The appropriate design of the plasma reactor, which is crucial for achieving reduced energy consumption, is described in this book. The content can be of interest for industrial purposes.

Theory of Low-Temperature Plasma Physics (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017): Shi Nguyen-Kuok Theory of Low-Temperature Plasma Physics (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017)
Shi Nguyen-Kuok
R4,413 Discovery Miles 44 130 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book offers the reader an overview of the basic approaches to the theoretical description of low-temperature plasmas, covering numerical methods, mathematical models and modeling techniques. The main methods of calculating the cross sections of plasma particle interaction and the solution of the kinetic Boltzmann equation for determining the transport coefficients of the plasma are also presented. The results of calculations of thermodynamic properties, transport coefficients, the equilibrium particle-interaction cross sections and two-temperature plasmas are also discussed. Later chapters consider applications, and the results of simulation and calculation of plasma parameters in induction and arc plasma torches are presented. The complex physical processes in high-frequency plasmas and arc plasmas, the internal and external parameters of plasma torches, near-electrode processes, heat transfer, the flow of solid particles in plasmas and other phenomena are considered. The book is intended for professionals involved in the theoretical study of low-temperature plasmas and the design of plasma torches, and will be useful for advanced students in related areas.

Plasma Physics - An Introduction to Laboratory, Space, and Fusion Plasmas (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 2nd ed.... Plasma Physics - An Introduction to Laboratory, Space, and Fusion Plasmas (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 2nd ed. 2017)
Alexander Piel
R2,437 Discovery Miles 24 370 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

The enlarged new edition of this textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the basic processes in plasmas and demonstrates that the same fundamental concepts describe cold gas-discharge plasmas, space plasmas, and hot fusion plasmas. Starting from particle drifts in magnetic fields, the principles of magnetic confinement fusion are explained and compared with laser fusion. Collective processes are discussed in terms of plasma waves and instabilities. The concepts of plasma description by magnetohydrodynamics, kinetic theory, and particle simulation are stepwise introduced. Space charge effects in sheath regions, double layers and plasma diodes are given the necessary attention. The novel fundamental mechanisms of dusty plasmas are explored and integrated into the framework of conventional plasmas. The book concludes with a concise description of modern plasma discharges. Written by an internationally renowned researcher in experimental plasma physics, the text keeps the mathematical apparatus simple and emphasizes the underlying concepts. The guidelines of plasma physics are illustrated by a host of practical examples, preferentially from plasma diagnostics. There, Langmuir probe methods, laser interferometry, ionospheric sounding, Faraday rotation, and diagnostics of dusty plasmas are discussed. Though primarily addressing students in plasma physics, the book is easily accessible for researchers in neighboring disciplines, such as space science, astrophysics, material science, applied physics, and electrical engineering. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and contains substantially enlarged chapters on plasma diagnostics, dusty plasmas and plasma discharges. Probe techniques have been rearranged into basic theory and a host of practical examples for probe techniques in dc, rf, and space plasmas. New topics in dusty plasmas, such as plasma crystals, Yukawa balls, phase transitions and attractive forces have been adopted. The chapter on plasma discharges now contains a new section on conventional and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. The recently discovered electrical asymmetry effect in capacitive rf-discharges is described. The text is based on an introductory course to plasma physics and advanced courses in plasma diagnostics, dusty plasmas, and plasma waves, which the author has taught at Kiel University for three decades. The pedagogical approach combines detailed explanations, a large number of illustrative figures, short summaries of the basics at the end of each chapter, and a selection of problems with detailed solutions.

Inertial Confinement Fusion Driven Thermonuclear Energy (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017): Bahman... Inertial Confinement Fusion Driven Thermonuclear Energy (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017)
Bahman Zohuri
R4,605 Discovery Miles 46 050 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book takes a holistic approach to plasma physics and controlled fusion via Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) techniques, establishing a new standard for clean nuclear power generation. Inertial Confinement Fusion techniques to enable laser-driven fusion have long been confined to the black-box of government classification due to related research on thermonuclear weapons applications. This book is therefore the first of its kind to explain the physics, mathematics and methods behind the implosion of the Nd-Glass tiny balloon (pellet), using reliable and thoroughly referenced data sources. The associated computer code and numerical analysis are included in the book. No prior knowledge of Laser Driven Fusion and no more than basic background in plasma physics is required.

Low-Energy Electrons - Fundamentals and Applications (Hardcover): Oddur Ingolfsson Low-Energy Electrons - Fundamentals and Applications (Hardcover)
Oddur Ingolfsson
R4,328 Discovery Miles 43 280 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

Low-energy electrons are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in natural phenomena as well as many potential and current industrial processes. Authored by 16 active researchers, this book describes the fundamental characteristics of low-energy electron-molecule interactions and their role in different fields of science and technology, including plasma processing, nanotechnology, and health care, as well as astro- and atmospheric physics and chemistry. The book is packed with illustrative examples, from both fundamental and application sides, features about 130 figures, and lists over 800 references. It may serve as an advanced graduate-level study course material where selected chapters can be used either individually or in combination as a basis to highlight and study specific aspects of low-energy electron-molecule interactions. It is also directed at researchers in the fields of plasma physics, nanotechnology, and radiation damage to biologically relevant material (such as in cancer therapy), especially those with an interest in high-energy-radiation-induced processes, from both an experimental and a theoretical point of view.

Magnetic Fusion Technology (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2013): Thomas J. Dolan Magnetic Fusion Technology (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2013)
Thomas J. Dolan
R6,554 Discovery Miles 65 540 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Magnetic Fusion Technology describes the technologies that are required for successful development of nuclear fusion power plants using strong magnetic fields. These technologies include: * magnet systems, * plasma heating systems, * control systems, * energy conversion systems, * advanced materials development, * vacuum systems, * cryogenic systems, * plasma diagnostics, * safety systems, and * power plant design studies. Magnetic Fusion Technology will be useful to students and to specialists working in energy research.

Physics With Trapped Charged Particles: Lectures From The Les Houches Winter School (Paperback, New): Richard C Thompson, Niels... Physics With Trapped Charged Particles: Lectures From The Les Houches Winter School (Paperback, New)
Richard C Thompson, Niels Madsen, Martina Knoop
R1,471 Discovery Miles 14 710 Ships in 12 - 19 working days

This book is a collection of articles on Physics with Trapped Charged Particles by speakers at the Les Houches Winter School. The articles cover all types of physics with charged particles, and are aimed at introducing the basic issues at hand, as well as the latest developments in the field. It is appropriate for PhD students and early career researchers, or interested parties new to the area.

Atomic Properties in Hot Plasmas - From Levels to Superconfigurations (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed.... Atomic Properties in Hot Plasmas - From Levels to Superconfigurations (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2015)
Jacques Bauche, Claire Bauche-Arnoult, Olivier Peyrusse
R3,958 Discovery Miles 39 580 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book is devoted to the calculation of hot-plasma properties which generally requires a huge number of atomic data. It is the first book that combines information on the details of the basic atomic physics and its application to atomic spectroscopy with the use of the relevant statistical approaches. Information like energy levels, radiative rates, collisional and radiative cross-sections, etc., must be included in equilibrium or non-equilibrium models in order to describe both the atomic-population kinetics and the radiative properties. From the very large number of levels and transitions involved in complex ions, some statistical (global) properties emerge. The book presents a coherent set of concepts and compact formulas suitable for tractable and accurate calculations. The topics addressed are: radiative emission and absorption, and a dozen of other collisional and radiative processes; transition arrays between level ensembles (configurations, superconfigurations); effective temperatures of configurations, superconfigurations, and ions; charge-state distributions; radiative power losses and opacity. There are many numerical examples and comparisons with experiment presented throughout the book. The plasma properties described in this book are especially relevant to large nuclear fusion facilities such as the NIF (California) and the ITER (France), and to astrophysics. Methods relevant to the central-field configurational model are described in detail in the appendices: tensor-operator techniques, second-quantization formalism, statistical distribution moments, and the algebra of partition functions. Some extra tools are propensity laws, correlations, and fractals. These methods are applied to the analytical derivation of many properties, specially the global ones, through which the complexity is much reduced. The book is intended for graduate-level students, and for physicists working in the field.

Ultrafast Dynamics Driven by Intense Light Pulses - From Atoms to Solids, from Lasers to Intense X-rays (Paperback, Softcover... Ultrafast Dynamics Driven by Intense Light Pulses - From Atoms to Solids, from Lasers to Intense X-rays (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2016)
Markus Kitzler, Stefanie Gräfe
R5,445 Discovery Miles 54 450 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book documents the recent vivid developments in the research field of ultrashort intense light pulses for probing and controlling ultrafast dynamics. The recent fascinating results in studying and controlling ultrafast dynamics in ever more complicated systems such as (bio-)molecules and structures of meso- to macroscopic sizes on ever shorter time-scales are presented. The book is written by some of the most eminent experimental and theoretical experts in the field. It covers the new groundbreaking research directions that were opened by the availability of new light sources such as fully controlled intense laser fields with durations down to a single oscillation cycle, short-wavelength laser-driven attosecond pulses and intense X-ray pulses from the upcoming free electron lasers. These light sources allowed the investigation of dynamics in atoms, molecules, clusters, on surfaces and very recently also in nanostructures and solids in new regimes of parameters which, in turn, led to the identification of completely new dynamics and methods for controlling it. Example topics covered by this book include the study of ultrafast processes in large molecules using attosecond pulses, control of ultrafast electron dynamics in solids with shaped femtosecond laser pulses, light-driven ultrafast plasmonic processes on surfaces and in nanostructures as well as research on atomic and molecular systems under intense X-ray radiation. This book is equally helpful for people who would like to step into this field (e.g. young researchers), for whom it provides a broad introduction, as well as for already experienced researchers who may enjoy the exhaustive discussion that covers the research on essentially all currently studied objects and with all available ultrafast pulse sources.

Physics of Magnetic Flux Tubes (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2015): Margarita Ryutova Physics of Magnetic Flux Tubes (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2015)
Margarita Ryutova
R5,481 Discovery Miles 54 810 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book is the first account of the physics of magnetic flux tubes from their fundamental properties to collective phenomena in an ensembles of flux tubes. The physics of magnetic flux tubes is absolutely vital for understanding fundamental physical processes in the solar atmosphere shaped and governed by magnetic fields. High-resolution and high cadence observations from recent space and ground-based instruments taken simultaneously at different heights and temperatures not only show the ubiquity of filamentary structure formation but also allow to study how various events are interconnected by system of magnetic flux tubes. The book covers both theory and observations. Theoretical models presented in analytical and phenomenological forms are tailored for practical applications. These are welded with state-of-the-art observations from early decisive ones to the most recent data that open a new phase-space for exploring the Sun and sun-like stars. Concept of magnetic flux tubes is central to various magnetized media ranging from laboratory plasma and Earth's magnetosphere to planetary, stellar and galactic environments The book is a valuable resource for graduate students, solar physicists, astronomers, laboratory and space plasma physicists, geophysicists, and specialists in gas- and hydrodynamics.

Biophysical Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Glial Tumor Cells (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed.... Biophysical Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Glial Tumor Cells (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2014)
Julia Koeritzer
R3,074 Discovery Miles 30 740 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Cold atmospheric plasma is an auspicious new candidate in cancer treatment. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a partially ionized gas in which the ion temperature is close to room temperature. It contains electrons, charged particles, radicals, various excited molecules and UV photons. These various compositional elements have the potential to inhibit cancer cell activity whilst doing no harm to healthy cells. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults; treatment including surgery, radio- and chemotherapy remains palliative for most patients as a cure remains elusive. The successful combination of the standard chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ) and CAP treatment features synergistic effects even in resistant glioma cells. In particular in glioma therapy, CAP could offer an innovative approach allowing specific cancer cell / tumor tissue inhibition without damaging healthy cells. Thus CAP is a promising candidate for combination therapy especially for patients suffering from GBMs showing TMZ resistance.

XUV Pump-Probe Experiments on Diatomic Molecules - Tracing the Dynamics of Electron Rearrangement and Interatomic Coulombic... XUV Pump-Probe Experiments on Diatomic Molecules - Tracing the Dynamics of Electron Rearrangement and Interatomic Coulombic Decay (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2015)
Kirsten Schnorr
R3,407 Discovery Miles 34 070 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This book explores the relaxation dynamics of inner-valence-ionized diatomic molecules on the basis of extreme-ultraviolet pump-probe experiments performed at the free-electron laser (FEL) in Hamburg. Firstly, the electron rearrangement dynamics in dissociating multiply charged iodine molecules is studied in an experiment that made it possible to access charge transfer in a thus far unexplored quasimolecular regime relevant for plasma and chemistry applications of the FEL. Secondly the lifetime of an efficient non-radiative relaxation process that occurs in weakly bound systems is measured directly for the first time in a neon dimer (Ne2). Interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) has been identified as the dominant decay mechanism in inner-valence-ionized or excited van-der-Waals and hydrogen bonded systems, the latter being ubiquitous in all biomolecules. The role of ICD in DNA damage thus demands further investigation, e.g. with regard to applications like radiation therapy.

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