Reviewing over 100 chemical and physical methods for analysis of polymers, Manual of Plastics Analysis is so detailed and comprehensive that chemists can apply the methods - many previously unpublished - directly from the book. A genuine laboratory manual, the volume supplies prodigious amounts of up-to-date information on all types of polymers, polymer additives, volatiles, adventitious impurities, monomers, metals, and pigments. Extremely well-suited for classroom teaching, research, or industrial applications, the book contains numerous tables and figures, as well as many chemical equations illustrating its analytical techniques.

Emulsification of vegetable oil-based resins was a daunting task when the author began his research, but the subsequent technology spawned a generation of stable emulsions for waterborne coatings based on vegetable oil-based alkyd resins, oils and fatty acids. Autoxidative polymerization of emulsified alkyd resins is an innovative and original contribution to emulsion technology, because conventional emulsion-polymerization is not applicable to alkyd resins. Emulsified alkyd particles are polymerized while dispersed in stable aqueous media-an original and patented innovation. Smooth and fa- drying alkyd coatings are generated from non-polymerized emulsions and air-dried with conventional metal driers, and have met with marketing success. The pre-polymerization innovation for emulsified alkyd particles provides very fast air-drying coatings that have potential markets for interior architectural latex coatings and waterborne pressure-sensitive adhesives and inks. The author demonstrates his knowledge of chemical reaction kinetics by employing a combination of oxygen concentration, internal reactor pressure and other reactor variables to finely control the rate and degree of autoxidative polymerization. He meticulously calculates surfactant chemistry by measuring hydrophile-lipophile balance values, and solubility parameters to emulsify characterized resins. The relationship between hydrophi- lipophile values and solubility parameters is shown in explicit equations. Homogenization equipment used during the course of this research to generate emulsions is shown in detailed drawings together with concise particle size and distribution data. The author reports research spawned internationally by his research in the fields of alkyd-acrylic hybrids, polyester and oil-modified urethane resins.

This volume chronicles the proceedings of the Symposium on Metallized Plastics: Fundamental and Applied Aspects held under the auspices of the Dielectrics and Insulation Division of the Electrochemical Society in Chicago, October 10-12, 1988. This was the premier symposium on this topic and if the comments from the attendees are any barometer of the success of a symposium then it was a grand success. Concomitantly, it has been decided to hold it on a regular basis (at intervals of 18 months) and the second event in this series is planned as a part of the Electrochemical Society meeting in Montreal, Canada, May 6-10, 1990. Metallized plastics find a legion of applications ranging from mundane to very sophisticated. A complete catalog of the various technological applications of metallized plastics will be prohibitively long, so here some eclectic examples should suffice to show why there is such high tempo of R&D activity in the arena of metallized plastics, and all signals indicate that this high tempo will continue unabated. For example, polymeric films are metallized for packaging (food and other products) purposes, and the applications of metallized plastics in the automotive industry are quite obvious. In the field of microelectronics and computer technology, insulators are metallized for interconnection and other functional purposes. Also plastics are metallized to provide electromagnetic shielding.

This book documents the proceedings of the symposium, "Mineral Scale Formation and Inhibition," held at the American Chemical Society Annual Meeting August 21 to 26, 1994, in Washington, D. C. The symposium, sponsored by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, was held in honor of Professor George H. Nancollas for his pioneering work in the field of crystal growth from solution. A total of 30 papers were presented by a wide spectrum of scientists. This book also includes papers that were not presented but were in the symposium program. The separation of a solid by crystallization is one of the oldest and perhaps the most frequently used operations in chemistry. Because of its widespread applicability, in recent years there has been considerable interest exhibited by academic and industrial scientists in understanding the mechanisms of crystallization of sparingly soluble salts. The salt systems of great interest in industrial water treatment area (i. e., cooling and boiler) include carbon ates, sulfates, phosphates, and phosphonates of alkaline earth metals. Although not as common as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, barium and strontium sulfates have long plagued oil field and gas production operations. The build-up of these sparingly soluble salts on equipment surfaces results in lower heat transfer efficiency, increased corrosion rates, increased pumping costs, etc. In the laundry application, insoluble calcium carbonate tends to accumulate on washed fabrics and washing equipment parts, resulting in undesirable fabric-encrustation or scaling."

Dynamics of Soft Matter: Neutron Applications provides an overview of neutron scattering techniques that measure temporal and spatial correlations simultaneously, at the microscopic and/or mesoscopic scale. These techniques offer answers to new questions arising at the interface of physics, chemistry, and biology. Knowledge of the dynamics at these levels is crucial to understanding the soft matter field, which includes colloids, polymers, membranes, biological macromolecules, foams, emulsions towards biological & biomimetic systems, and phenomena involving wetting, friction, adhesion, or microfluidics. Emphasizing the complementarities of scattering techniques with other spectroscopic ones, this volume also highlights the potential gain in combining techniques such as rheology, NMR, light scattering, dielectric spectroscopy, as well as synchrotron radiation experiments. Key areas covered include polymer science, biological materials, complex fluids and surface science.

Polymers and polymer composites have been increasingly used in place of metals for various industries; namely, aerospace, automotive, bio-medical, computer, electronhotograohy, fiber, and rubber tire. Thus, an understanding of the interactions between polymers and between a polymer and a rigid counterface can enhance the anplications of polymers under various environments. In meet ing this need, polymer tribology has evolved to deal with friction, lubrication and wear of polymeric materials ann to anSwer some of the problems related to polymer-polymer interactions or nolymer rigid body interactions. The purpose of this first International Symposium was to introduce advances in studies of polymer friction and wear, especially in Britain and the U. S. S. R. Most earlier studies of the Fifties were stimulated by the growth of rubber tire industries. Continuous research through the Sixties has broadened the base to include other polymers such as nylon, polyolefins, and poly tetra fluoroethylene, or PTFE. However, much of this work was published in engineering or physics journals and rarely in chemistry journals: presumably, the latter have always considered the work to be too applied or too irrelevant."

During the past few decades, much research has been reported on the formation of insoluble monomolecular films of lipids and biopolymers (synthetic polymers and proteins) on the surface of water or at the oil-water interface. This interest arises from the fact that monomolecular film studies have been found to provide much useful information on a molecular scale, information that is useful for understanding many industrial and biological phenomena in chemical, agricultural, pharmaceutical, medical, and food science applications. For instance, information obtained from lipid monolayer studies has been useful in determining the forces that are known to stabilize emulsions and biological cell membranes. The current texts on surface chemistry generally devote a single chapter to the characteristics of spread monolayers of lipids and biopolymers on liquids, and a researcher may have to review several hundred references to determine the procedures needed to investigate or analyze a particular phenomenon. Furthermore, there is an urgent need at this stage for a text that discusses the state of the art regarding the surface pheqomena exhibited by lipids and biopolymers, as they are relevant to a wide variety of surface and interfacial processes.

Emerging Mass Spectrometric Tools for Analysis of Polymers and Polymer Additives, by Nina Aminlashgari and Minna Hakkarainen. Analysis of Polymer Additives and Impurities by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry, by Wolfgang Buchberger and Martin Stiftinger. Direct Insertion Probe Mass Spectrometry of Polymers, by Jale Hacaloglu Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligo- and Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives, by Petra Mischnick. Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Molecular Level Understanding of Polymer Degradation, by Minna Hakkarainen.

The biological and biomedical applications of polymeric materials have increased greatly in the past few years. This book will detail some, but not all, of these recent developments. There would not be enough space in this book to cover, even lightly, all of the major advances that have occurred. Some earlier books and summaries are available by two of this book's Editors (Gebelein & Carraher) and these should be consul ted for additional information. The books are: "Bioactive Polymeric Systems" (Plenum, 1985); "Polymeric Materials In Medication" (Plenum, 1985); "Biological Acti vi ties of Polymers" (American Chemical Society, 1982). Of these three, "Bioacti ve Polymeric Systems" should be the most useful to a person who is new to this field because it only contains review articles written at an introductory level. The present book primarily consists of recent research results and applications, with only a few review or summary articles. Bioactive polymeric materials have existed from the creation of life itself. Many firmly believe that life could not even exist unless poly meric materials are used to form the basic building blocks. Although this assumption can not be rigorously proven, it is a fact that most, if not all, of the major biochemical pathways involve polymeric species, such as the proteins (including enzymes), polysaccharides and nucleic acids."

In the first half of this century, great strides were made in under standing the behavior of polymers in dilute solutions or in the solid state. Concentrated solutions, on the other hand, were commonly regarded as mainly of interest to practitioners, being too complex for the rigorous application of statistical theory. Given the preoccupation with the isolated polymer molecule and the attendant focus on the state of infinite dilution, it is not surprising that aggregation, and inter-polymer associ ation in general, was the bugaboo of experimentalists. These attitudes have changed remarkably over the last few decades. The application of sealing theory to polymer solutions has stimulated investigation of the semi-dilute state, and the region between infinite dilution and swollen gel is no longer perceived as terra incognita. New techniques, such as dynamic light scattering, have proven to be of much value in such investigations. At the same time, it has become clear that consideration of strong inter- and intra-polymer forces, superimposed on the familiar description of the statistical chain, is prerequisite to the application of polymer science to numerous systems of interest. Para mount among these, of course, are biopolymers, their complexes and assemblies. The isolated random coil must be viewed as tl rarity in nature."

These volumes, 3 and 4, of Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics con stitute the proceedings of an international symposium on the frac ture mechanics of ceramics held at the Pennsylvania State Univer sity, University Park, PA on July 27, 28, and 29, 1977. Volumes 1 and 2 were published previously as the proceedings of a sympo sium of the same name held July 11, 12, and 13, 1973, also at Penn State. All four volumes published to date concentrate on the fracture aspects of the mechanical behavior of brittle ceramics in terms of the characteristics of cracks. The program chairmen gratefully acknowledge the financial as sistance for the symposium provided by the Office of Naval Re search, the Energy Research and Development Administration, and the Army Research Office. Without their support the quality and mag nitude of this conference simply would not have been possible. Numerous individuals contributed to the success of the con ference, but unfortunately they cannot all be listed here. However the program chairmen would especially like to recognize the contri butions of Penn State Conference Coordinator, Mr. Ronald Avillion, whose expertise in planning and organization was indispensable; Dr. Fred R. Matson for his interesting after dinner speech; and Drs. A. M. Diness, J. C. Hurt, and D. W. Readey for their en couragement and valuable suggestions regarding the program. Finally, we wish to also thank our joint secretaries for the patience and help in bringing these proceedings to press."

Because of the many important new developments in other branches of science, some scientists fail to recognize that the volume of polyolefins produced annually is greater than that of all metals. Hence, the American Chemical Society s"ponsored symposia on the History of Polyolefins at its national meeting at Miami Beach in the Spring of 1985 and a Macromolecular Secretariat on Advances in Polyolefins at its national meeting in Chicago in the fall of that year. The books on the proceedings of these landmark symposia and another book entitled "The Chain Straighteners" by Dr. F. M. McMillan will provide the scientist with background information which is essential for re- searchers in this important phase of polymer science. The presentations at these international symposia and the publica- tions of the reports presented, would not be possible without the dedicated efforts of our assistant editors and publisher. The list of contributors to ADVANCES IN POLYOLEFINS includes most of the leaders in this field, such as Dr. Mark, Mandelkern, Bruzzone, Hsieh, Kaneda, Chien, Tait, Karol, Kaminisky, Scott, Cook, Mirabella, Samuels, Kanamoto and Vigo. These reports covered many phases of polyolefin science and technol- ogy, ranging from elastomers, single crystals, film and fibers to char- acterizations by modern instrumentation and many new innovations in catalysis which have brought about a revolution in polyolefin production.

With contributions by: R.H. Boyd; B.G. Sumpter, D.W. Noid, G.L. Liang, B. Wunderlich; M.D. Ediger, D.B. Adolf; R.-J. Roe; I. Bahar, B. Erman, L. Monnerie; A.A. Gusev, F. Muller-Plathe, W.F. van Gunsteren, U.W. Suter; L.R. Dodd, D.N. Theodorou; E. Leontidis, J.J. de Pablo, M. Laso, U.W. Suter; K.S. Schweizer."

Lead-based paint has become a national issue and will continue to be a hi- priority focus ofnational, state, and local agencies until there is no lead-based paint in the United States. Lead-based paint has become a tremendous health hazard for people and animals. Lead-based paint has been in widespread use throughout Europe and the United States. Lead has been known to be a health hazard since the time ofPliny the Elder (A. D. 23-79), but it was deemed that the advantages of lead in paint outweighed the health hazards. There has been a change in outlook, and in 1973 the U. S. Congress banned all lead paint from residential structures. A voluminous number of law suits have been initiated since, and continue to be litigated with the purpose of determining the parties responsible for the lead poisoning of children and others and to exact the indemnities. Lead-based paint is still authorized for use on bridges and nonresidential structures, and thousands of city, state, military, and federal government housing projects still contain lead-based paint. This paint must be removed if these dwellings are to be safe living quarters, especially for children. Aba- ment techniques continue to be evaluated; some have been used successfully. Lead-based paint abatement will continue into the next century, and it is hoped that this comprehensive volume will serve as a guide for those seriously interested in this important subject.

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Polymer Therapeutics - Recent Progress in Clinics and Future Prospects, held July 13-14, 2001, in Nara, Japan. The technology of polymer science has developed considerably during the past half-century, and this volume describes some of the aspects of this technology that will have a great impact in the future. Among these advances, for example, are gene delivery to specific disease sites and carrier polymers that respond to a stimulus or particular environment. Cancer targeted drug delivery is another focused area of this volume because of the important nature of EPR-effect of polymer drugs in tumor. Included are discussions of as many examples as possible of polymer drugs that have achieved, or are close to clinical use. The concept of "Polymer drugs" here is limited to primarily injectable and water-soluble agents, although also covered are some drugs in micellar form or liposomes. This book is intended for students and researchers in the field of pharmacology who have particular interests in drug delivery, targeting, and formulation, as well as for clinicians such as oncologists who are interested in the field. People who work at regulatory agencies should also be aware such that drugs with great potential are being developed and will be beneficial to many patients, as well as to health insurance agencies because of improved cost effectiveness.

The fluorine atom, by virtue of its electronegativity, size, and bond strength with carbon, can be used to create compounds with remarkable properties. Small molecules containing fluorine have many positive impacts on everyday life of which blood substitutes, pharmaceuticals, and surface modifiers are only a few examples. Fluoropolymers, too, while traditionally associated with extreme hi- performance applications have found their way into our homes, our clothing, and even our language. A recent American president was often likened to the tribology of PTFE. Since the serendipitous discovery of Teflon at the Dupont Jackson Laboratory in 1938, fluoropolymers have grown steadily in technological and marketplace importance. New synthetic fluorine chemistry, new processes, and new apprec- tion of the mechanisms by which fluorine imparts exceptional properties all contribute to accelerating growth in fluoropolymers. There are many stories of harrowing close calls in the fluorine chemistry lab, especially from the early years, and synthetic challenges at times remain daunting. But, fortunately, modern techniques and facilities have enabled significant strides toward taming both the hazards and synthetic uncertainties. In contrast to past environmental problems associated with fluorocarbon refrigerants, the exceptional properties of fluorine in polymers have great environmental value. Some fluoropolymers are enabling green technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells for automobiles and oxygen-selective membranes for cleaner diesel combustion.

To the biochemist, water is, of course, the only solvent worthy of consideration, because natural macromolecules exhibit their remarkable conformational properties only in aqueous media. Probably because of these remarkable properties, biochemists do not tend to regard proteins, nucleotides and polysaccharides as polymers in the way that real polymer scientists regard methyl methacrylate and polyethylene. The laws of polymer statistics hardly apply to native biopolymers. Between these two powerful camps, lies the No-man's land of water soluble synthetic polymers: here, we must also include natural polymers which have been chemically modified. The scientific literature of these compounds is characterized by a large number of patents, which is usually a sign of little basic understanding, of 'know-how' rather than of 'know-why'. Many of the physical properties of such aqueous solutions are intriguing: the polymer may be completely miscible with water, and yet water is a 'poor' solvent, in terms of polymer parlance. ~kiny of the polymers form thermorever sible gels on heating or cooling. The phenomena of exothermic mixing and salting-in are common features of such systems: neither can be fully explained by the available theories. Finally, the eccentric behaviour of polyelectrolytes is well documented. Despite the lack of a sound physico-chemical foundation there is a general awareness of the importance of water soluble vinyl, acrylic, polyether, starch and cellulose derivatives, as witnessed again by ~he vast patent literature.

This volume contains a series of papers originally presented at the symposium on Water Soluble Polymers: Solution Properties and Applications, sponsored by the Division of Colloids and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. The symposium took place in Las Vegas City, Nevada on 9 to 11th September, 1997 at the 214th American Chemical Society National Meeting. Recognized experts in their - spective fields were invited to speak. There was a strong attendance from academia, g- ernment, and industrial research centers. The purpose of the symposium was to present and discuss recent developments in the solution properties of water soluble polymers and their applications in aqueous systems. Water soluble polymers find applications in a number of fields of which the following may be worth mentioning: cosmetics, detergent, oral care, industrial water treatment, g- thermal, wastewater treatment, water purification and reuse, pulp and paper production, sugar refining, and many more. Moreover, water soluble polymers play vital role in the oil industry, especially in enhanced oil recovery. Water soluble polymers are also used in ag- culture and controlled release pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, a fundamental kno- edge of solution properties of these polymers is essential for most industrial scientists. An understanding of the basic phenomena involved in the application of these polymers, such as adsorption and interaction with different substrates (i. e. , tooth enamel, hair, reverse - mosis membrane, heat exchanger surfaces, etc. ) is of vital importance in developing high performance formulations for achieving optimum efficiency of the system.

In the modern organic synthesis industries, one of which is the synthetic rubber industry, ever increasing use is made of physical and physicochemical methods of analysis, which sur pass chemical methods in speed, accuracy, and sensitivity. By these methods it is often possible to arrive at the solution of problems in the investigation of complex mixtures of organic products which are not amenable to the usual chemical methods of analysis. One such physical method is ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The field of application of this method is restricted, in the main, to aromatic compounds and to systems containing double bonds conjugated among themselves or with functional groups. In the synthetic rubber industry ultraviolet spectroscopy finds appli cation in the analysis of a great variety of substances used in that industry: for the determination of impurities in monomers and intermediate products, in the study of the composition of certain polymers, for the quantitative estimation of various ingredients in rubbers, in the control of certain copolymeriza tion processes, and for many other purposes. The method can be used for the identification of certain compounds and can be applied in the determination of the composition of syn thetic rubber samples. Shortcomings of the method, which limit its analytical application in certain cases, are the super position of absorption spectra and their inadequate selectivity."