This book deals with the organic chemistry of polymers which find technological use as adhesives, fibres, paints, plastics and rubbers. For the most part, only polymers which are of commercial significance are considered and the primary aim of the book is to relate theoretical aspects to industrial practice. The book is mainly intended for use by students in technical institutions and universities who are specializing in polymer science and by graduates who require an introduction to this field. Several excellent books have recently appeared dealing with the physical chemistry of polymers but the organic chemistry of polymers has not received so much attention. In recognition of this situation and because the two aspects of polymer chemistry are often taught separately, this book deals specifically with organic chemistry and topics of physical chemistry have been omitted. Also, in this way the book has been kept to a reasonable size. This is not to say that integration of the two areas of polymer science is undesirable; on the contrary, it is of the utmost importance that the inter-relationship should b~ appreciated. I wish to record my thanks to my colleagues with whom I have had many helpful discussions, particularly Mrs S. L. Radchenko. I also thank Miss E. Friesen for obtaining many books and articles on my behalf and Mr H. Harms for encouragement and assistance. I am also grateful to Mrs M. Stevens who skilfully prepared the manuscript. Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Technology, Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, K. J. S.

Das Buch enthalt Kapitel uber: W.-M. Kulicke, M. Kotter, Hamburg; H. Grager, Celle, FRG: "Das Phanomen der " "Fliessverbesserung unter besonderer Berucksichtigung " "homogener Polymerlosungen" M. Andreis, Zagreb, Yugoslavia, J.L. Koenig: "Anwendung der NMR-Spektroskopie auf vernetzten " "Polymersystemen""

The subject of this volume is limited in that it addresses amphiphiles at liquid/air, liquid/liquid, and liquid/solid interfaces, with litte attention paid to vapor/solid interfaces. This volume will serve to summarize our current understanding of interfacial structure at the molecular level in these systems, and the relation of this structure to chemical and physicochemical phenomena.

This volume contains the proceedings of the "International Workshop on Optical Methods and the Physics of Colloidal Dispersions," held in memory of Prof. Dr. Klaus Schatzel at the end of September, 1996, in Mainz, Germany. The meeting focused on two special aspects of colloidal science, namely novel optical methods and the physics of colloidal dispersions. In particular, the contributed papers show that the increase in the quality and number of suitable model systems has significantly enhanced our knowledge of colloidal properties, structures and dynamics."

The policy adopted in Volume 1 of this series of including a relatively small number of topics for detailed review has been continued here. The techniques selected have received considerable attention in recent years. F or this reason and because of the significance of the characterisation data, further coverage of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and small angle neutron scattering is given in the first two chapters. In Chapter I a large part of the review describes the determination of monomer sequence distributions and configurational sequences in copolymers formed from more than one polymerisable monomer. The review on neutron scattering (Chapter 2) is directed towards the determination of the chain conformation in semi-crystaIIine polymers, which has provided important results for the interpretation of chain folding and morphology in crystaIIisable polymers. Laser Raman spectroscopy has also been used for morphological studies, and this application together with a description of the theoretical and experimental aspects of the technique is given in Chapter 3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy because of its extreme sensitivity to surface characteristics has provided information on polymeric solids that could not be obtained by other techniques. The principles and practice of this ESCA technique, including its use for simple elemental analysis, structural elucidation and depth profiling, are described in Chapter 4. The final two chapters are mainly concerned with the chain conformation of polymers in dilute solution. Ultrasonic techniques (Chapter 5) show pmmise for observing the dynamics of conformational changes.

The proceedings of the Twenty-First University Conference on Ceramic Science held at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA on July 17, 18 and 19, 1985 are compiled in this volume "Tailoring Multiphase and Composite Ceramics." This Conference emphasized the' discussion and analysis of the properties of multiphase ceramic materials in which the microstructure is deliberately tailored for specific applications or properties. Inter nationally recognized authorities presented keynote and invited lectures on topics dealing with processing and fabrication of multiphase and com posite electroceramics, fiber reinforced composites and high temperature multiphase ceramics. Results of recent research were presented in oral and poster sessions by leading researchers from several countries. This collection of papers represents the state of the art in our understand ing of the processing-structure-property interrelationships for these materials which possess unique and useful electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties as a result of their multiphase nature. We are grateful for the financial support of the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scien tific Research, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency for this conference. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Robert Davis' leader ship role in steering and expanding this university conference series on ceramic science. We thank Ron Avillion and Linda Rose for their expert assistance in planning and coordinating the meeting. Thanks are due to Ms. Marian Reed, Ms. Judy Bell and Ms."

This book contains the collected papers presented at the Inter national Symposium on Polymers in Medicine, Biomedical and Pharma cological Applications, which was held at Porto Cervo, Italy, May 24-28, 1982. To the best of our knowledge, this symposium was the first to be organized in Italy entirely devoted to the several aspects of the use of synthetic and semisynthetic macromolecular materials in the field of biomedical and pharmacological applications. The inten~ tion of the Organizing Committee of the symposium was the promotion of a scientific and cultural initiative to gain the attention of various experts in line research of the potential of suitably de signed "man-made" polymeric materials in biomedical applications. With highly qualified and worldwide attendance, the above goal was fully satisfied. Indeed the opportunity of meeting to gether in a well conceived and discreet corner of the world, scien tists with different cultural backgrounds and objectives helped ex tend the meaning of the symposium far beyond the Italian borders and the perspectives of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , the major sponsor of the meeting.

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Pressure is one of the essential thermodynamic variables that, due to some former experimental difficulties, was long known as the forgotten variable. But this has changed over the last decade. This book includes the most essential first experiments from the 1960s and reviews the progress made in understanding glass formation with the application of pressure in the last ten years. The systems include amorphous polymers and glass-forming liquids, polypeptides and polymers blends. The thermodynamics of these systems, the relation of the structural relaxation to the chemical specificity, and their present and future potential applications are discussed in detail. The book provides (a) an overview of systems exhibiting glassy behavior in relation to their molecular structure and provides readers with the current state of knowledge on the liquid-to-glass transformation, (b) emphasizes the relation between thermodynamic state and dynamic response and (c) shows that the information on the pressure effects on dynamics can be employed in the design of materials for particular applications. It is meant to serve as an advanced introductory book for scientists and graduate students working or planning to work with dynamics. Several scientific papers dealing with the effects of pressure on dynamics have appeared in leading journals in the fields of physics in the last ten years. The book provides researchers and students new to the field with an overview of the knowledge that has been gained in a coherent and comprehensive way.

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Erik Wischerhoff, Nezha Badi, Andre Laschewsky and Jean-Francois Lutz Smart Polymer Surfaces: Concepts and Applications in Biosciences; S. Petersen, M. Gattermayer and M. Biesalski Hold on at the Right Spot: Bioactive Surfaces for the Design of Live-Cell Micropatterns; Julien Polleux Interfacing Cell Surface Receptors to Hybrid Nanopatterned Surfaces: A Molecular Approach for Dissecting the Adhesion Machinery; Abigail Pulsipher and Muhammad N. Yousaf Self-Assembled Monolayers as Dynamic Model Substrates for Cell Biology; D. Volodkin, A. Skirtach and H. Moehwald LbL Films as Reservoirs for Bioactive Molecules; R. Gentsch and H. G. Boerner Designing Three-Dimensional Materials at the Interface to Biology; Joerg C. Tiller Antimicrobial Surfaces;

The second edition of this textbook is identical with its fourth German edi tion and it thus has the same goals: precise definition of basic phenomena, a broad survey of the whole field, integrated representation of chemistry, physics, and technology, and a balanced treatment of facts and comprehen sion. The book thus intends to bridge the gap between the often oversimpli fied introductory textbooks and the highly specialized texts and monographs that cover only parts of macromolecular science. The text intends to survey the whole field of macromolecular science. Its organization results from the following considerations. The chemical structure of macromolecular compounds should be inde pendent of the method of synthesis, at least in the ideal case. Part I is thus concerned with the chemical and physical structure of polymers. Properties depend on structure. Solution properties are thus discussed in Part 11, solid state properties in Part Ill. There are other reasons for dis cussing properties before synthesis: For example, it is difficult to understand equilibrium polymerization without knowledge of solution thermodynamics, the gel effect without knowledge of the glass transition temperature, etc. Part IV treats the principles of macromolecular syntheses and reactions."

Ever since the first volume appeared in 1969, this series has received good reviews in a variety of periodicals published in different corners of 'the world. It would seem that the work has fulfilled its purpose as outlined in the Preface to Volume 1. The rapidly increasing interest in surface and colloid science by people engaged in industrial research and development, and in environmental, ecological, medical, pharmaceutical, and other areas, justifies the continuation of such an effort. After nine volumes with John Wiley and Sons, this and subsequent volumes will-by mutual consent-be published by Plenum Press. The editor will do his best to maintain and, if possible, improve the quality of the contributions. While the fundamental philosophy will be preserved, some moderate graphical changes have taken place. These changes were done to enhance the readability and uniformity of the volumes. Occasionally, volumes may appear under the editorship of other scientists in the field. These volumes will be mainly devoted to techniques in surface and colloid science. For reasons of continuity a sequential numbering system will be used.

This book arose from a symposium titled 'Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides: Preparation, Properties, and Reactivity' organized by Jae Sung Lee, Masatoshi Nagai and myself. The symposium was part of the 1995 Congress of Pacific Rim Chemical Societies, held in Honolulu, Hawaii between December 17-22, 1995. The meeting was the first major conference to exclusively address the theme of metal carbides and nitrides, and brought together many of the major researchers in the field. Over 50 scientists and engineers reported their latest findings in five sessions of presentations and discussions. The book closely follows the topics covered in the conference: Theory of bonding Structure and composition Catalytic properties Physical properties New methods of preparation Spectroscopy and microscopy The book is unique in its coverage. It provides a general introduction to the properties and nature of the materials, but also covers their latest applications in a wide variety of fields. It should thus be of interest to both experts and nonexperts in the fields of material science, solid-state chemistry, physics, ceramics engineering, and catalysis. The first chapter gives an overview, and many of the chapters provide summaries of advanced topics. All contributions were peer-reviewed.

Holographic Interferometry provides a valuable and up-to-date source of information in the rapidly expanding field. The eight specialists` contributions cover the principles and methods currently in use. The scope of the book has been limited to the study of opaque object and ample space has been devoted to a comprehensive treatment of the phenomena of fringe formation, with a particular emphasis on the quantitative evaluation of the holographic interference fringe patterns. The emergence of computer-aided fringe analysis and phase-shifting techniques have simplified considerably the quantative real-time measurements of object shapes and deformations. The last two chapters provide a reasonably detailedoverview of full-field holographic methods for the measurement of shapes, displacements, dervatives, difference displacements and vibrations.

PEO Unsaturated Macromonomers ................... 21 PEO Saturated Macromonomers ..................... 24 PEO Block and Graft Copolymers .................... 25 Dispersion Polymerization of PEO Macromonomers ......... 27 Copolymerization of PEO Macromonomers with Styrene ...... 27 Copolymerization of PEO Macromonomers with Alkyl Acrylates and Methacrylates .................... 33 Emulsion Polymerization of PEO Macromonomers ......... 34 Homopolymerization of PEO Macromonomers ............ 34 Copolymerization of PEO Macromonomers with Styrene ...... 39 Copolymerization of PEO Macromonomers with Other Comonomers ............................ 45 Polymerization of PEO Macromonomers in Other Disperse Systems .......................... 48 Conclusion ................................. 50 References ................................. 52 List of Abbreviations and Symbols A acrylic group second virial coefficient A2 AA acrylic acid AVA 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acide) AIBN 2,2'-azobiisobutyronitrile B A butyl acrylate BzMA benzyl methacrylate BMA butyl methacrylate CAC critical association concentration concentration of monomer in water cw concentration of polymer micelle concentration CMC critical CFC critical flocculation concentration CFT critical flocculation temperature chain length (CL) Radical Polymerization of Polyoxyethylene Macromonomers in Disperse Systems 3 methyl Cl t-butyl tC4 chain transfer constant to stabilizer cs chain transfer to solvent css chain transfer constant for transfer to polymeric stabilizer CSP D particle diameter DLS dynamic light scattering volume median diameter D50 final particle diameter " f DBP dibenzoyl peroxide number average degree of polymerization DPn diffusion coefficient of the radical in water " w overall activation energy EO activation energy for propagation E activation energy for termination E t activation energy for decomposition of initiator Ed EO ethylene oxide unit f initiator efficiency monomer feed composition fw graft available G a graft required G r HLB hydrofile-lipophile balance

"Organic and Physical Chemistry of Polymers" provides a thorough introduction to the fundamentals of polymers, including their structure and synthesis as well as their chemical and physical properties. This accessible guide illuminates the increasingly important role of polymers in modern chemistry, beginning with the essentials, then covering thermodynamics, conformation, morphology, and measurements of molar masses; polymerization mechanisms, reaction of polymers, synthesis of block and graft polymers, and complex topologies; and the mechanical properties, rheology, polymer processing, and fabrication of fibers and films.

Historical Overview of (Mini)emulsion Polymerizations and Preparation of Hybrid Latex Particles, by A.M. van Herk;
*
Physical Methods for the Preparation of Hybrid Nanocomposite Polymer Latex Particles, by R. F.A. Teixeira and S. A.F. Bon;
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Organic/Inorganic Composite Latexes: The Marriage of Emulsion Polymerization and Inorganic Chemistry, by Elodie Bourgeat-Lami and Muriel Lansalot;
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Preparation of Hybrid Latex Particles and Core Shell Particles Through the Use of Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques in Aqueous Media, by Bernadette Charleux, Franck D Agosto, and Guillaume Delaittre;
*
Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Means to Encapsulate Organic and Inorganic Materials, by Clemens K.Weiss and Katharina Landfester;
*
Organic Inorganic Hybrid Magnetic Latex, by Md Mahbubor Rahman and Abdelhamid Elaissari"

The chemistry of transition metal carbyne complexes has become a highly attractive field during the past twenty years. In recent years its application to aspects of catalysis and metathesis has gained considerable interest from inorganic as well as organic chemists. In addition, organic synthesis by means of metal carbon multiple bond reagents offers the most sophisticated technology currently available. In consideration of these developments some of Professor E. O. Fischer's former coworkers and colleagues felt obliged to orga nize this NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Transition Metal Carbyne Complexes in the Bavarian Alps. They have been encouraged by the fact that most of the distinguished scientists in the field of metal-carbon multiple bond chemistry had finally agreed to participate and to present stimulating lectures. The organizers of the workshop are deeply grateful to the Scientific Affairs Division of the NATO for the generous financial support of the meeting in Wildbad Kreuth and for the preparation of this book. They also feel indebted to acknowledge the generous support from Wacker-Chemie, BASF, Peroxid-Chemie, Hoechst and Bayer. Finally they thank the staff of the Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung in Wildbad Kreuth for providing a pleasant and stimu lating atmosphere during the meeting."