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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Social issues > Ethical issues & debates > Pornography & obscenity
As many critics and theorists have noted, non-pornographic films,
documentaries, and quality television series have increasingly
included explicit sex scenes since the 1990s, some of such scenes
featuring the performance of actual sex acts. The incidence of sex
in narratively powerful, resonant visual media can no longer be
dismissed as a trend. What was once an aesthetic weapon in the
arsenal of provocateurs is now frequently integrated seamlessly
into the mise-en-scene and exposition of widely viewed and
culturally significant films and television series. Intercourse in
Television and Film: The Presentation of Explicit Sex Acts analyzes
the aesthetic and narrative contexts for the visual media
presentation of the sexual act, both those which are non-simulated
and those which are explicit to that point that their simulation is
brought into question by the viewer. In this book, questions
involving the performance choices of actors, the framing and
editing of the sex act, and the director's attempts at integrating
sexuality into the overall narrative structure as well as their
effects are explored.
In the late 1970s, the adult film industry began the transition
from celluloid to home video. Smutty Little Movies traces this
change and examines the cultural and legal efforts to regulate,
contain, limit, or eradicate pornography. Drawing on a wide variety
of materials, Smutty Little Movies de-centers the film text in
favor of industry histories and contexts. In so doing, the book
argues that the struggles to contain and regulate pleasure
represent a primary starting point for situating adult video's
place in a larger history, not just of pornography, but of media
history as a whole.
When we think of debates about pornography, what first comes to
mind is the question of whether it should be banned or protected.
But perhaps we should ask instead what pornography tells us about
the way individuals are valued or represented. Combining literary
criticism and political theory, Frances Ferguson describes the
affinities between pornography and less controversial
representations to provide a better understanding of its harms and
to demonstrate how it works. Pornography first developed in western
Europe during the late eighteenth century in tandem with the rise
of utilitarianism, the philosophical position that stresses the
importance of something's usefulness over its essence. Through
incisive readings of Sade, Flaubert, Lawrence, and Bret Easton
Ellis, Ferguson shows how pornography - like utilitarian social
structures - diverts our attention from individual identities to
actions and renders more clearly the social value of such actions
through concrete literary representations. Only when pornography is
used to expel individuals from social structures or institutions
that promote value, Ferguson argues, is it potentially dangerous.
Impassioned, judicious, and deeply informed, Pornography, the
Theory will prove to be essential reading for anyone interested in
literature and its cultural history.
The concept of obscenity is an ancient one. But as Joan DeJean
suggests, its modern form, the same version that today's
politicians decry and savvy artists exploit, was invented in
seventeenth-century France.
"The Reinvention of Obscenity" casts a fresh light on the mythical
link between sexual impropriety and things French. Exploring the
complicity between censorship, print culture, and obscenity, DeJean
argues that mass market printing and the first modern censorial
machinery came into being at the very moment that obscenity was
being reinvented--that is, transformed from a minor literary
phenomenon into a threat to society. DeJean's principal case in
this study is the career of Moliere, who cannily exploited the new
link between indecency and female genitalia to found his career as
a print author; the enormous scandal which followed his play
"L'ecole des femmes" made him the first modern writer to have his
sex life dissected in the press.
Keenly alert to parallels with the currency of obscenity in
contemporary America, "The Reinvention of Obscenity" will concern
not only scholars of French history, but anyone interested in the
intertwined histories of sex, publishing, and censorship.
By examining the highly contested legal debate about the regulation
of pornography through an epistemic lens, this book analyzes
competing claims about the proper role of speech in our society,
pornography's harm, the relationship between speech and equality,
and whether law should regulate and, if so, upon what grounds. In
maintaining that inegalitarian pornography generates discursive
effects, the book contends that law cannot simply adopt a
libertarian approach to free speech. While inegalitarian
pornography may not be determinative of gender inequality, it does
contribute, reinforce, reflect and help maintain such unfairness.
As a result, we can place reasonable gender-based regulations on
inegalitarian pornography while upholding our most treasured
commitments to dissident speech just as other liberal democracies
with strong free speech traditions have done.
When Armando Bo and Isabel Sarli began making sexploitation films
together in 1956, they provoked audiences by featuring explicit
nudity that would increasingly become more audacious, constantly
challenging contemporary norms. Their Argentine films developed a
large and international fan base. Analyzing the couple's films and
their subsequent censorship, Violated Frames develops a new,
roughly constructed, and "bad" archive of relocated materials to
debate questions of performance, authorship, stardom, sexuality,
and circulation. Victoria Ruetalo situates Bo and Sarli's films
amidst the popular culture and sexual norms in post-1955 Argentina,
and explores these films through the lens of bodies engaged in
labor and leisure in a context of growing censorship. Under Peron,
manual labor produced an affect that fixed a specific type of body
to the populist movement of Peronism: a type of body that was
young, lower-classed, and highly gendered. The excesses of leisure
in exhibition, enjoyment, and ecstasy in Bo and Sarli's films
interrupted the already fragmented film narratives of the day and
created alternative sexual possibilities.
When Armando Bo and Isabel Sarli began making sexploitation films
together in 1956, they provoked audiences by featuring explicit
nudity that would increasingly become more audacious, constantly
challenging contemporary norms. Their Argentine films developed a
large and international fan base. Analyzing the couple's films and
their subsequent censorship, Violated Frames develops a new,
roughly constructed, and "bad" archive of relocated materials to
debate questions of performance, authorship, stardom, sexuality,
and circulation. Victoria Ruetalo situates Bo and Sarli's films
amidst the popular culture and sexual norms in post-1955 Argentina,
and explores these films through the lens of bodies engaged in
labor and leisure in a context of growing censorship. Under Peron,
manual labor produced an affect that fixed a specific type of body
to the populist movement of Peronism: a type of body that was
young, lower-classed, and highly gendered. The excesses of leisure
in exhibition, enjoyment, and ecstasy in Bo and Sarli's films
interrupted the already fragmented film narratives of the day and
created alternative sexual possibilities.
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