This book guides the reader through a design process that was tested and optimized in companies and design bureaus. It not only smoothly integrates modern product development techniques, but also addresses, for each phase, issues related to the management of intangible assets. There are several books on the product design process, as well as on the development of innovative products in general. However, none of them addresses how to integrate the engineering techniques with the necessary aspects of Intellectual Property Management. With a focus on software intensive products in general, the book presents a meta-process that adapts to product design in any area where the software element is an important factor in product functionality and innovation.

Optics is a science which covers a very large domain and is experiencing indisputable growth. It has enabled the development of a considerable number of instruments, the optical component or methodology of which is often the essential part of portent systems. This book sets out show how optical physical phenomena such as lasers - the basis of instruments of measurement - are involved in the fields of biology and medicine."Optics in Instruments: Applications in Biology and Medicine" details instruments and measurement systems using optical methods in the visible and near-infrared, as well as their applications in biology and medicine, through looking at confocal laser scanning microscopy, the basis of instruments performing in biological and medical analysis today, and flow cytometry, an instrument which measures at high speed the parameters of a cell passing in front of one or more laser beams. The authors also discuss optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is an optical imaging technique using non-contact infrared light, the therapeutic applications of lasers, where they are used for analysis and care, and the major contributions of plasmon propagation in the field of life sciences through instrumental developments, focusing on propagating surface plasmons (PSP) and localized plasmons (LP).Contents:

1. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Thomas Olivier and Baptiste Moine.2. Flow Cytometry (FCM) Measurement of Cells in Suspension, Odile Sabido.3. Optical Coherence Tomography, Claude Boccara and Arnaud Dubois.4. Therapeutic Applications of Lasers, Genevieve Bourg-Heckly and Serge Mordon.5. Plasmonics, Emmanuel Fort.

About the Authors

Jean-Pierre Goure is Emeritus Professor of optics at Jean Monnet University in Saint-Etienne, France, and was previously director of the UMR 5516 laboratory linked with CNRS. He is the author of more than 100 publications in various fields, such as spectroscopy, instrumentation, sensors, optical fiber and optical communications. He was also previously deputy director in engineering science at CNRS and a member of several scientific associations such as the French Optical Society and the European Optical Society.

Metamaterials and metasurfaces are developing exciting new frontier researches on reconfigurable materials with promising applications on tunable and active devices. The combination of metamaterials and microsystems not only uncap the controllability limits of optical metamaterials, but also pave the way for vast applications. This book focuses on structural reconfiguration of metasurfaces and metamaterials using microsystems, which have previously been developed for tiny machines and droplets formations. It covers multi-disciplinary researches on reconfigurable metamaterials and metasurfaces revealing their potential applications on densely integrated devices with working frequencies ranging from GHz to infrared region. Topics like MEMS metamaterials, frequency selective surface, photonic reconfigurable metasurfaces, and microfluidic metamaterials are just a few examples, which present lively research communities within the scope of this book. This book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in fundamental science and technology of micro-optics and artificial materials, researchers in the field of reconfigurable and tunable metamaterials, and engineers working on tunable lens, Lidar, beam steering devices, or other applications.

This book presents part of the iM3F 2021 proceedings from the mechatronics track. It highlights key challenges and recent trends in mechatronics engineering and technology that are non-trivial in the age of Industry 4.0. It discusses traditional as well as modern solutions that are employed in the multitude spectra of mechatronics-based applications. The readers are expected to gain an insightful view on the current trends, issues, mitigating factors as well as solutions from this book.

This book focuses on in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an investigatory technique used to observe a sample's response to a given stimulus (including electron irradiation, thermal excitation, mechanical force, optical excitation, electric and magnetic fields) at the nanoscale in real time. The book introduces readers to the technical strategy behind the in-situ technique and its developments. It reviews the research frontiers of using in-situ TEM in energy conversion and storage, catalysis, nanomaterials synthesis, nanoelectronics, etc. Furthermore, it discusses the future prospects for in-situ TEM. The book offers a valuable guide for all undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in TEM characterization technology. It also serves as a reference source on cutting-edge in-situ techniques for researchers and engineers.

Theory of Applied Robotics: Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control presents detailed robotics concepts at a theoretical-practical level, concentrating on their practical use. Related theorems and formal proofs are provided, as are real-life applications. This new edition is completely revised, and includes updated and expanded example sets and problems and new materials. This textbook is designed for undergraduate or first-year graduate programs in mechanical, systems, and industrial engineering. Practicing engineers, researchers, and related professionals will appreciate the book's user-friendly presentation of a wealth of robotics topics, most notably in 3D kinematics and dynamics of manipulator robots.

This book, now in its second edition, introduces readers to quantum rings as a special class of modern high-tech material structures at the nanoscale. It deals, in particular, with their formation by means of molecular beam epitaxy and droplet epitaxy of semiconductors, and their topology-driven electronic, optical and magnetic properties. A highly complex theoretical model is developed to adequately represent the specific features of quantum rings. The results presented here are intended to facilitate the development of low-cost high-performance electronic, spintronic, optoelectronic and information processing devices based on quantum rings. This second edition includes both new and significantly revised chapters. It provides extensive information on recent advances in the physics of quantum rings related to the spin-orbit interaction and spin dynamics (spin interference in Rashba rings, tunable exciton topology on type II InAs/GaAsSb quantum nanostructures), the electron-phonon interaction in ring-like structures, quantum interference manifestations in novel materials (graphene nanoribbons, MoS2), and the effects of electrical field and THz radiation on the optical properties of quantum rings. The new edition also shares insights into the properties of various novel architectures, including coupled quantum ring-quantum dot chains and concentric quantum rings, topologic states of light in self-assembled ring-like cavities, and optical and plasmon m.odes in Moebius-shaped resonators.

Processing of polymer nanocomposites usually requires special attention since the resultant structure-micro- and nano-level, is directly influenced by among other factors, polymer/nano-additive chemistry and the processing strategy. This book consolidates knowledge, from fundamental to product development, on polymer nanocomposites processing with special emphasis on the processing-structure-property-performance relationships in a wide range of polymer nanocomposites. Furthermore, this book focuses on emerging processing technologies such as electrospinning, which has very exciting applications ranging from medical to filtration. Additionally, the important role played by the nanoparticles in polymer blends structures has been illustrated in the current book, with special focus on fundamental aspects and properties of nanoparticles migration and interface crossing in immiscible polymer blend nanocomposites. This book introduces readers to nanomaterials and polymer nanocomposites processing. After defining nanoparticles and polymer nanocomposites and discussing environmental aspects, the second chapter focuses on the synthesis and functionalization of nanomaterials with applications in polymers. A brief overview on nanoclay and nanoclay-containing polymer nanocomposites is provided in third chapter. The fourth chapter provides an overview of the polymer nanocomposites structural elucidation techniques, such as X-ray diffraction and scattering, microscopy and spectroscopy, rheology. The fifth chapter is dedicated to the polymer nanocomposites processing technologies, among which electrospinning, which has very exciting applications ranging from medical to filtration. The last chapter provides an overview on how melt-processing strategy impact structure and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites by taking polypropylene-clay nanocomposite as a model system. The book is useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students (polymer engineering, materials science & engineering, chemical & process engineering), as well as research & development personnel, engineers, and material scientists.

This book comprises the proceedings of the 12th National Technical Symposium on Unmanned System Technology 2020 (NUSYS'20) held on October 27-28, 2020. It covers a number of topics, including intelligent robotics, novel sensor technology, control algorithms, acoustics signal processing, imaging techniques, biomimetic robots, green energy sources, and underwater communication backbones and protocols, and it appeals to researchers developing marine technology solutions and policy-makers interested in technologies to facilitate the exploration of coastal and oceanic regions.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fascinating recent developments in atomic- and nanoscale magnetism, including the physics of individual magnetic adatoms and single spins, the synthesis of molecular magnets for spintronic applications, and the magnetic properties of small clusters as well as non-collinear spin textures, such as spin spirals and magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin films and nanostructures. Starting from the level of atomic-scale magnetic interactions, the book addresses the emergence of many-body states in quantum magnetism and complex spin states resulting from the competition of such interactions, both experimentally and theoretically. It also introduces novel microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to reveal the exciting physics of magnetic adatom arrays and nanostructures at ultimate spatial and temporal resolution and demonstrates their applications using various insightful examples. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students interested in recent developments of one of the most fascinating fields of condensed matter physics.

Porous silicon is rapidly attracting increasing interest from various fields, including optoelectronics, microelectronics, photonics, medicine, chemistry, and biosensing. This nanostructured and biodegradable material has a range of unique properties that make it ideal for many applications. For example, the pores and surface chemistry of the material can be manipulated to change the rate of drug release from hours to months. Porous Silicon: Biomedical and Sensor Applications, Volume Two is part of the three-book series Porous Silicon: From Formation to Application. It discusses applications of porous silicon in bioengineering and in various sensors, including gas sensors, biosensors, pressure sensors, mechanical sensors, optical sensors, and many other types. It also thoroughly reviews the fabrication, parameters, and applications of devices that use porous silicon. Drawing upon a vast amount of recently published literature, the book guides readers through practical implementations that span environmental control, chemistry, spectroscopy, gas chromatography, microelectronics, micromachining, microfluidics, medicine, biotechnology, and the car industry. It is divided into three sections that focus on: Types of sensors that use porous silicon Auxiliary devices that use porous silicon Biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and in vivo imaging Representing the most recent progress in applications of porous silicon to biomedical and sensory technology, this reference is indispensable for those involved in the research, development, and application of porous silicon in several scientific disciplines. It also serves as a starting point for the interested but unfamiliar reader to gain a thorough understanding of the unusual properties of porous silicon, other porous materials, and possible areas for current and future applications.

In keeping with its practical theme, this comprehensive resource focuses on sensor types currently in use or having potential to be used in industrial applications. Sensors are one of the key elements in modern systems, as they determine the quality of the information that is acquired from real life and are used for production control and decision making. The global market for sensors is fast growing and the innovation rate is extremely high. A host of sensor devices are covered, including pressure sensors, flow sensors, optical sensors, temperature sensors, solid-state gyroscopes, and magnetic sensors. To make qualified, intelligent decisions, it is vitally important for system developers, system integrators, and decision makers to be familiar with the principles and properties of new sensor types.

Wearable Sensors: Fundamentals, Implementation and Applications has been written by a collection of experts in their field, who each provide you with an understanding of how to design and work with wearable sensors. Together these insights provide the first single source of information on wearable sensors that would be a fantastic addition to the library of any engineers working in this field. Wearable Sensors covers a wide variety of topics associated with development and applications of wearable sensors. It also provides an overview and a coherent summary of many aspects of wearable sensor technology. Both professionals in industries and academic researchers need this package of information in order to learn the overview and each specific technology at the same time. This book includes the most current knowledge on the advancement of light-weight hardware, energy harvesting, signal processing, and wireless communications and networks. Practical problems with smart fabrics, biomonitoring and health informatics are all addressed, plus end user centric design, ethical and safety issues. The new edition is completely reviewed by key figures in the field, who offer authoritative and comprehensive information on the various topics. A new feature for the second edition is the incorporation of key background information on topics to allow the less advanced user access to the field and to make the title more of an auto-didactic book for undergraduates.

This book begins by introducing new and unique fabrication, micromachining, and integration manufacturing methods for MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) and NEMS (Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems) devices, as well as novel nanomaterials for sensor fabrications. The second section focuses on novel sensors based on these emerging MEMS/NEMS fabrication methods, and their related applications in industrial, biomedical, and environmental monitoring fields, which makes up the sensing layer (or perception layer) in IoT architecture. This authoritative guide offers graduate students, postgraduates, researchers, and practicing engineers with state-of-the-art processes and cutting-edge technologies on MEMS /NEMS, micro- and nanomachining, and microsensors, addressing progress in the field and prospects for future development. Presents latest international research on MEMS/NEMS fabrication technologies and novel micro/nano sensors; Covers a broad spectrum of sensor applications; Written by leading experts in the field.

This updated second edition broadens the explanation of rotational kinematics and dynamics - the most important aspect of rigid body motion in three-dimensional space and a topic of much greater complexity than linear motion. It expands treatment of vector and matrix, and includes quaternion operations to describe and analyze rigid body motion which are found in robot control, trajectory planning, 3D vision system calibration, and hand-eye coordination of robots in assembly work, etc. It features updated treatments of concepts in all chapters and case studies. The textbook retains its comprehensiveness in coverage and compactness in size, which make it easily accessible to the readers from multidisciplinary areas who want to grasp the key concepts of rigid body mechanics which are usually scattered in multiple volumes of traditional textbooks. Theoretical concepts are explained through examples taken from across engineering disciplines and links to applications and more advanced courses (e.g. industrial robotics) are provided. Ideal for students and practitioners, this book provides readers with a clear path to understanding rigid body mechanics and its significance in numerous sub-fields of mechanical engineering and related areas.

This book describes the fundamentals of microfluidics and fabrication methods of microfluidic devices that can be adopted for animal-assisted reproduction. It presents microfluidic methods for sorting highly fertile spermatozoa. This book also describes the application of microfluidics in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. It discusses the use of microfluidics in sperm sexing and the cryopreservation of animal gametes and embryos. Lastly, the book examines the potential opportunities of microfluidics in infertility diagnosis, sperm selection and guidance, oocyte selection, insemination, and embryo monitoring.

This book focuses on carbon dots and diamonds, briefly covering other nanocarbon structures such as nanohorns and nanofibers. In the first part, chemical synthesis of carbon dots, their optical properties and their applications for sensing, catalytic reactions, bio-imaging and drug delivery are presented. The second part of the book deals with the preparation and purification of diamond nanoparticles, their properties and surface chemistry as well as the applications of diamond nanoparticles for seeding, bio-imaging and drug delivery. In the third and last part of the book, other nanostructures such as carbon nanofibers and carbon nanohorns are presented, including their application in electrochemistry, biochemistry and energy.

This book provides both researchers in the academia, students, and industrial experts the chance to exchange new ideas, build relations, and find virtual partners. It is a scientific event whose proceedings have set a very high standard. ICORSE's distinctive feature is represented by its breadth of topics: mechatronics, integronics and adaptronics; reliable systems engineering; cyber-physical systems; optics; theoretical and applied mechanics; robotics; modelling and simulation; smart integrated control systems; computer imaging processing; smart bio-medical and bio-mechatronic systems; MEMS and NEMS; new materials; sensors and transducers; nano-chemistry, physical chemistry of biological systems; micro- and nanotechnology; system optimization; communications, renewable energy and environmental engineering. They all come together to deliver a clear picture of the state of the art reached in these areas so far.

Personal computers may have replaced the typewriter in most homes and offices, but the venerable writing machine is currently staging a comeback. From portable models that hipsters are snapping up in Urban Outfitters to Tom Hanks's bestselling app that recreates the manual experience on a tablet, the typewriter has never been so hot. This celebration of the typewriter covers what a platen knob is, why QUERTY won out over other arrangements of keys, which authors loved (or loathed) their typewriters, and much more. A gift book with yellowed paper and typewriter fonts for a cool vintage look Timeline of the typewriter features key models Foreword by Paul Schweitzer of Gramercy Typewriter Co.

This book illustrates the significance of nanotechnology in the delivery of anticancer and antimicrobial drugs, biomimetic technologies, tissue engineering, sensing, diagnostics, and artificial enzymes. It first briefly discusses the use of nanotechnology for the delivery of anticancer medications, and the concept and applications of catalytically active nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes for sensing and diagnostic applications. It then explores the use of silver nanoparticle-based novel antimicrobials, and comprehensively reviews the role of nanomaterials in developing biomedical implants and tissue engineering applications. Lastly, it offers a detailed description of nanotherapeutics for combating human protozoan parasitic infections. Cutting across the disciplines, this book serves as a guide for researchers and scientists in biotechnology, medical science and material science.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME) 2020. This volume focuses on several emerging interdisciplinary areas involving mechanical engineering. Some of the topics covered include automobile engineering, mechatronics, applied mechanics, structural mechanics, hydraulic mechanics, human vibration, biomechanics, biomedical Instrumentation, ergonomics, biodynamic modeling, nuclear engineering, and agriculture engineering. The contents of this book will be useful for students, researchers as well as professionals interested in interdisciplinary topics of mechanical engineering.

This book offers readers cutting-edge research at the interface of polymer science and engineering, biomedical engineering, materials science, and biology. State-of-the-art developments in microscale technologies for cell engineering applications are covered, including technologies relevant to both pluripotent and adult stem cells, the immune system, and somatic cells of the animal and human origin. This book bridges the gap in the understanding of engineering biology at multiple length scale, including microenvironmental control, bioprocessing, and tissue engineering in the areas of cardiac, cartilage, skeletal, and vascular tissues, among others. This book also discusses unique, emerging areas of micropatterning and three-dimensional printing models of cellular engineering, and contributes to the better understanding of the role of biophysical factors in determining the cell fate. Microscale Technologies for Cell Engineering is valuable for bioengineers, biomaterial scientists, tissue engineers, clinicians, immunoengineers, immunologists and stem cell biologists, as it offers a review of the current cutting-edge cell engineering research at multiple length scale and will be valuable in developing new strategies for efficient scale-up and clinical translation.

This book explains the basic and fundamental aspects of nanotechnology and the potential use of nanostructured photocatalysts in various applications, especially in the context of the environment and energy harvesting. It describes the preparation and characterization of unique nanostructured photocatalysts and provides details of their catalytic action, and also discusses the design of new types of photocatalysts with controlled nanostructures. Given its broad scope, the book will appeal to academic and industrial researchers interested in heterogeneous photocatalysis, sustainable chemistry, energy conversion and storage, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, optoelectronics, sensors and surface and interface science.

This book presents an overview of cancer and the genesis, and development of different treatment strategies and modalities against cancer. The emergence of gold and its complexes as promising anticancer chemotherapeutic agents have the potential to substitute or replace the platinum based chemotherapeutic agents. Gold complexes have demonstrated considerable anti-proliferative properties, chiefly attributed to their anti-mitochondrial effects, they make gold complexes excellent candidates as anti-cancer agents compared to their platinum-based counterparts. This book provides a critical review of recent advances made in the development of gold complexes as anti-cancer agents. In this context, it examines a number of different ligand architectures, provides comprehensive information on gold complexes' mechanism of action and toxicity issues and, in closing, outlines future research directions.

This book gathers four papers authored by Victor Bravo and Nicolas Di Sbroiavacca, Oil and Natural Gas Engineers, specialized in Energy Economics. The main axis of the book is the application of the exploitation techniques of Oil and Natural Gas in Argentina, by the so-called "conventional" methods, in comparison with the so-called "Fracking",(name massively used in the First World and particularly in the United States of America). Argentina has important Oil and Natural Gas resources in different regions of its wide geography. To develop these "non-conventional" techniques has generated endless controversies all over the world, mostly due to its estimated environmental impact and the need of significant requirement of large capitals for investment. Argentina is not out of this relevant controversy because in the mind of the maximum national authorities, fracking is one of the main factors that may contribute to generate monetary funds devoted to the payment of the immense foreign debt of this country. Other authors estimate that it is not possible to develop our country just on the basis of the massive exploitation and boundless export of natural resources. Consequently, fracking is undoubtedly a topic of National Energy Politics. In this scenario, a previous analysis of the National Energy Politics of the recent governments of Argentina, after the bloody military dictatorship of 1976-1983 and the return to democratic governments in December 1983. This analysis is done over the chapters "Analysis of the National Law N 27007 (known as the "Hydrocarbon Resources Law") and the Oil and Natural Gas politics", the "Oil and Natural Gas Politics of the period from 2003 to 2014" and "The Argentine Energy Politics during the 2014-2018 period". Later on, the "Fracking" case is fully developed with two complementary analyses. One of them is basically centered on the technical and prospective scenarios for "fracking": "Shale Oil and Shale Gas in Argentina: Situation and Perspectives". The other one, "A technical opinion about Fracking", contemplates the impacts resulting from the use of these techniques, especially those concerning the environment. Anyhow, each of the chapters are self-contained, thus permitting separate reading of any of them.