Decisive potential in business is a question of process capability, rather than production capability. Process capability in business requires real-time systems for optimization. Business-IT needs to be developed from telecommunications and ERP to real-time services, which are not offered by the prevailing ERP systems. This book shows how modern information technology Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) becomes the prerequisite for process capability of the company on the basis of many practical examples. It describes the requirements for optimized MES. It gives an overview of the efficiency potentials and different applications of MES.

This text presents notions and ideas at the foundations of a statistical treatment of risks. The focus is on statistical applications within the field of engineering risk and safety analysis. Coverage includes Bayesian methods. Such knowledge facilitates the understanding of the influence of random phenomena and gives a deeper understanding of the role of probability in risk analysis. The text is written for students who have studied elementary undergraduate courses in engineering mathematics, perhaps including a minor course in statistics. This book differs from typical textbooks in its verbal approach to many explanations and examples.

The book concentrates on powder flow properties, their measurement and applications. These topics are explained starting from the interactions between individual particles up to the design of silos. A wide range of problems are discussed such as flow obstructions, segregation, and vibrations. The goal is to provide a deeper understanding of the powder flow, and to show practical solutions.

The general theme of the CE2009 Conference is the recognised requirement for advancements in Concurrent Engineering (CE) with a global perspective for competitive enterprise, economy and ecology. CE appeared in the '80s as the concept of parallel performing engineering design activities and the integration of all related processes. This concept is based on the general assumption that different components of the product life cycle should be considered together and relatively early. The main goal of CE is to make processes more efficient and more resistant to errors.

Since then the whole CE approach has evolved into different forms with different names and has become omnipresent. The industrial presence of CE differs from well established corporation implementations to SME applications. The last twenty years have brought many changes to the organization of product design and manufacturing: engineers have developed narrower specializations; engineers have developed a global presence; engineers work in firms which are final producers or suppliers; sometimes firms create alliances; engineers cooperate and collaborate; and they use different methods and tools to support their engineering activities. As a result the CE approach supports engineers in many ways.

The role of information systems in CE has always been treated as very important. First methodologies and tools were concentrated on offering the possibility to contact people and processes, to make the right information and knowledge available at the right time. The presence of computer tools in CE is treated as standard.

If one looks now at what is going on and at how many different issues are important in design, manufacturing, supply, distribution, etc., one will understand why the context of CE is so rich and so complicated, why there are so many CE specializations and why the main topic of the CE2009 Conference is of great relevance. The plurality of CE specializations mentioned above was reflected in the following CE2009 Conference tracks: Systems Engineering, PLM, Advanced Manufacture, Product Design, Mass Customization, Lean Thinking, Design for Sustainability, Customer Value, Environmental Impact, Knowledge Engineering, SCM, Concurrent System Architecturing, Collaborative Engineering, Web Technologies, Standards, Digital Manufacture, Service Solutions, Purchasing/Procurement, Emotion Engineering. Apart from the above tracks the conference also has seven special sessions in RFID, Collaborative Product Development, Multi-disciplinary Design and Optimization, Design Knowledge Utilization, Competitive Supply Chain Performance, Value Engineering, and Competitive Design.

The proceedings contain 94 papers, demonstrating the multitude of different perspectives contained in this volume. There are papers which are theoretic and conceptual, as well as papers which have very strong industrial roots. There are also very detailed, highly specialized paper, which are closely linked to specific industrial case studies. The reader will also find papers which are based on real processes, but which operate on abstract models and which offer a bridge between industrial reality and academic research.

CE does not develop equally in each area; the direction of development depends on many factors. The content of this volume reflects the variety of issues in today's CE methods and phenomena; consequently, readers will be able to build their own view of the present problems and methods involved in CE.

Scheduled transportation networks give rise to very complex and large-scale networkoptimization problems requiring innovative solution techniques and ideas from mathematical optimization and theoretical computer science. Examples of scheduled transportation include bus, ferry, airline, and railway networks, with the latter being a prime application domain that provides a fair amount of the most complex and largest instances of such optimization problems. Scheduled transport optimization deals with planning and scheduling problems over several time horizons, and substantial progress has been made for strategic planning and scheduling problems in all transportation domains.

This state-of-the-art survey presents the outcome of an open call for contributions asking for either research papers or state-of-the-art survey articles. We received 24 submissions that underwent two rounds of the standard peer-review process, out of which 18 were finally accepted for publication.

The volume is organized in four parts: Robustness and Recoverability, Robust Timetabling and Route Planning, Robust Planning Under Scarce Resources, and Online Planning: Delay and Disruption Management.

Die Magnetpulverprufung ist ein zerstoerungsfreies Verfahren zur Prufung von metallischen und nichtmetallischen Werkstoffen auf Oberflachenfehler. Das Buch behandelt die physikalischen und die verfahrensspezifischen Grundlagen, die Magnetisierung und Entmagnetisierung, Prufmittel, die Prufsystem- und Verfahrenskontrollen, die Gerate-, Pruf- und Auswertetechniken der Magnetpulverprufung, die Unganzen im Fertigungsprozess und bei der Betriebsbeanspruchung sowie die Durchfuhrung von Magnetpulverprufungen. Weitere Themen sind die Klassifizierung und Beurteilung von Anzeigen, die Grenzen des Prufverfahrens sowie den einschlagigen Arbeits- und Umweltschutz. Das Buch vermittelt dem Werkstoffprufer das erforderliche Rustzeug fur seine praktische Tatigkeit einschliesslich der dabei zu beachtenden wichtigsten Normen und Regelwerke. Es eignet sich ebenso zur Ausbildung in der Werkstoffprufung sowohl in Hochschulen, Firmen oder Werkstoffinstituten. Der Autor Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karlheinz Schiebold ist ein ausgewiesener Spezialist auf dem Gebiet der zerstoerungsfreien Materialprufung mit langjahriger Erfahrung in Prufpraxis und Ausbildung.

The Halden Man-Machine Laboratory (HAMMLAB) has been at the heart of human factors research at the OECD Halden Reactor Project (HRP). The HRP is sponsored by a group of national organizations, representing nuclear power plant regulators, utilities, and research institutions. The HRP is hosted by the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) in Halden, Norway. HAMMLAB comprises three full-scale nuclear power plant control room research simulators. The simulator studies performed in HAMMLAB have traditionally been experimental in nature. In a simulator it is possible to study events as they unfold in real time, in a highly realistic operational environment under partially controlled conditions. This means that a wide range of human factors issues, which would be impossible or highly impracticable to study in real-life settings, can thus be addressed in HAMMLAB. Simulator-based Human Factors Studies Across 25 Years celebrates the twenty-fifth anniversary of HAMMLAB by reviewing the human factors studies performed in HAMMLAB across this time-span. A range of human factors issues have been addressed, including: * human-system interfaces; * alarm systems; * computerized procedures; * human-automation interaction; * staffing, teamwork and human reliability. The aim of HAMMLAB studies has always been the same: to generate knowledge for solving current and future challenges in nuclear power plant operation to contribute to safety. The outcomes of HAMMLAB studies have been used to support design and assessment of nuclear power plant control rooms.

Risse in Bauteilen begrenzen die Nutzungs- und die Lebensdauer von Bauteilen. Der Autor vermittelt, wie diese Grenzen zu erkennen sind, und wie das Rissverhalten zu bewerten ist. Bei der Dimensionierung von Bauteilen und beim Nachweis ihrer Haltbarkeit auf der Grundlage der Festigkeitslehre wird das Vorhandensein rissartiger Schadigungen ublicherweise nicht durch geminderte zulassigen Spannungen berucksichtigt. Im praktischen Betrieb werden rissgeschadigte Bauteile durch zerstoerungsfreie Prufungen uberwacht. Aus eigener praktischer Tatigkeit bei der Untersuchung von Schadensfallen sowie zu deren Vermeidung stellt der Autor Erfahrungen zusammen, die den Leser zur Beurteilung von Schadensfallen befahigen und ihm ermoeglichen, kompetent Auskunft geben oder Massnahmen veranlassen zu koennen.

This book offers unique insight on structural safety and reliability by combining computational methods that address multiphysics problems, involving multiple equations describing different physical phenomena and multiscale problems, involving discrete sub-problems that togetherdescribe important aspects of a system at multiple scales. The book examines a range of engineering domains and problems using dynamic analysis, nonlinear methods, error estimation, finite element analysis and other computational techniques.

This book also:

. Introduces novel numerical methods

. Illustrates new practical applications

. Examines recent engineering applications

. Presents up-to-date theoretical results

. Offers perspective relevant to a wide audience, including teaching faculty/graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers."

Reconfiguration, an approach for fault-tolerant control, involves changing the control structure in response to the fault. This monograph extends this idea to actuator faults and studies in detail the so-called virtual actuator approach. "Control Reconfiguration of Dynamical Systems" also introduces structural analysis as a tool for reconfiguration. Because a fault changes the structure of the system, the reconfiguration solution is sought on a structural level. Novel algorithms are presented to test for reconfigurability and to find a reconfiguration solution. A MATLAB toolbox is supplied, which contains the main algorithms and examples. The book addresses advanced engineering students, developers and researchers that have a specific interest in control reconfiguration.

This book discusses relevant topics in field of corrosion, from sensing strategies to modeling of control processes, corrosion prevention, detection of corrosion initiation, prediction of corrosion growth and evolution, to maintenance practices and return on investment.Written by leading international experts, it combines mathematical and scientific rigor with multiple case studies, examples, colorful images, case studies and numerous references exploring the essentials of corrosion in depth. It appeals to a wide readership, including corrosion engineers, managers, students and industrial and government staff, and can serve as a reference text for courses in materials, mechanical and aerospace engineering, as well as anyone working on corrosion processes.

This open access book contains the research report of the Collaborative Research Center "Micro Cold Forming" (SFB 747) of the University of Bremen, Germany. The topical research focus lies on new methods and processes for a mastered mass production of micro parts which are smaller than 1mm (by forming in batch size higher than one million). The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners in production engineering, but the book may also be of interest to graduate students alike.

This book is addressed to professionals active in the design and operation of power plants and those involved in supporting research and development activities in high temperature materials. Following an introduction, typical operating conditions of pressure vessels, pipe-line elements and turbine blades and vanes are described. This includes both steadystate and transient loading. Advanced problems are also covered, such as structural problems, associated with power plant materials, deformation and fracture at high temperatures. Distinctions are made between the processes of crack initiation and crack growth in conducting lifetime assessments. Failure prevention methods, thermal shock problems, details of damage analysis and the possibilities of life extension are also covered.

Reliability-centred Maintenance is a process used to determine - systematically and scientifically - what must be done to ensure that physical assets continue to do what their users want them to do. Widely recognised by maintenance professionals as the most cost-effective way to develop world-class maintenance strategies, RCM leads to rapid, sustained and substantial improvements in plant availability and reliability, product quality, safety and environmental integrity. The author and his associates have helped users to apply RCM and its more modern derivative, RCM2, on more than 600 sites in 32 countries. These sites include all types of manufacturing (especially automobile, steel, paper, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food manufacturing, utilities (water, gas and electricity), armed forces, building services, mining telecommunications and transport. This book summarises this experience in the form of an authoritative and completely practical description of what RCM2 is and how it should be applied. The second edition has been comprehensively revised to incorporate the most recent developments in this field. It includes more than 100 pages of new material on condition monitoring, the analysis of functions and failures, human error, the management of risk, failure-finding and the measurement of maintenance performance. This book will be of immense value to maintenance managers, and to anyone else concerned with the reliability, productivity, safety and environmental integrity of physical assets. Its straightforward, plant-based approach makes the book especially well suited to use in centres of higher education. John Moubray, BSc (Mech Eng), spent his early career developing and implementing maintenance management systems, first as a plant engineer then as a consultant. In the early 1980s, he began to focus on the industrial application of RCM under the guidance of the late F Stanley Nowlan. In 1986, he set up Aladon Ltd, a consulting and training company based in Lutterworth, UK. He is currently managing director of Aladon, which specialises exclusively in the development of reliability-centre management processes and their application to physical assets.

This book presents the proceedings of the First European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC-1), held in Berlin, Germany, in October 1994. EDCC is the merger of two former European events on dependable computing.
The volume comprises 34 refereed full papers selected from 106 submissions. The contributions address all current aspects of dependable computing and reflect the state of the art in dependable systems research and advanced applications; among the topics covered are hardware and software reliability, safety-critical and secure systems, fault-tolerance and detection, verification and validation, formal methods, hardware and software testing, and parallel and distributed systems.

Each year there are improvements in safety-critical system technology. These arise both from developments in the contributing technologies, such as safety engineering, software engineering, human factors and risk assessment, and from the adoption or adaptation of appropriate techniques from other domains, such as security. For these improvements to be of real benefit, they need to be applied during the appropriate stage in the life cycle of the system, whether it be development, assessment, or operation. For this to occur, they must be communicated and explained. Each year the Safety-critical Systems Symposium offers a distinguished forum for the presentation of papers on such developments, and also for papers from industry on the lessons learned from the use of technologies and methods. The results of many collaborative research projects, with components from both industry and academia, are reported in a universally understandable form. In 1995 the Symposium was held in Brighton, a venue calculated to stimulate not just the presenters of papers, but all the delegates. Yet, this book of Proceedings is intended not only for the delegates but also for readers not able to attend the event itself. We welcome both categories of reader. Delegates have the benefit of attending the presentations and the opportunity to participate in the discussions; those who take up this book after the event can peruse it attheir leisure and, perhaps, on account of it will resolve to attend subsequent symposia.

Performance evaluation, reliability, and performability are key factors in the development and improvement of computer systems and computer networks. This volume contains the 25 accepted and invited papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Modelling Techniques and Tools for Computer Performance Evaluation. The papers focus on new techniques and the extension of existing techniques for performance and reliability analysis. Tools to support performance and reliability modelling and measurement in all kinds of applications and environments are presented, and the practicability and generality of the approaches are emphasized. The volume summarizes the state of the art and points out future demands and challenges, and will interest both scientists and practitioners.

The safe operation of computer systems continues to be a key issue in many applications where people, environment, investment, or goodwill can be at risk. Such applications include medical, railways, power generation and distribution, road transportation, aerospace, process industries, mining, military and many others. This book represents the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, held in Poznan, Poland, 27-29 October 1993. The conference reviews the state of the art, experiences and new trends in the areas of computer safety, reliability and security. It forms a platform for technology transfer between academia, industry and research institutions. In an expanding world-wide market for safe, secure and reliable computer systems SAFECOMP'93 provides an opportunity for technical developers, users, and legislators to exchange and review the experience, to consider the best technologies now available and to identify the skills and technologies required for the future. The papers were carefully selected by the International Program Com mittee of the Conference. The authors of the papers come from 16 different countries. The subjects covered include formal methods and models, safety assessment and analysis, verification and validation, testing, reliability issues and dependable software tech nology, computer languages for safety related systems, reactive systems technology, security and safety related applications. As to its wide international coverage, unique way of combining partici pants from academia, research and industry and topical coverage, SAFECOMP is outstanding among the other related events in the field."

All packaging engineers and technologists who want to ensure that they give their customers the highest quality, most cost-effective products should know that the paradigm has shifted. It has shifted away from the MIL-STDs and other government standards and test procedures that don't cost-effectively address potential failure mechanisms or the manufacturing processes of the product. It has shifted decisively towards tackling the root causes of failure and the appropriate implementation of cost-effective process controls, qualityscreens, and tests.
This book's groundbreaking, science-based approach to developing qualification and quality assurance programs helps engineers reach a new level of reliability in today's high-performance microelectronics. It does this with powerful...
* Techniques for identifying and modeling failure mechanisms earlier in the design cycle, breaking the need to rely on field data
* Physics-of-failure product reliability assessment methods that can be proactively implemented throughout the design and manufacture of the product
* Process controls that decrease variabilities in the end product and reduce end-of-line screening and testing

A wide range of microelectronic package and interconnect configurations for both single-and multi-chip modules is examined, including chip and wire-bonds, tape-automated (TAB), flip-TAB, flip-chip bonds, high-density interconnects, chip-on-board designs (COB), MCM, 3-D stack, and many more. The remaining package elements, such as die attachment, case and lid, leads, and lid and lead seals are also discussed in detail.
The product of a distinguished team of authors and editors, this book's guidelines for avoiding potential high-risk manufacturing and qualification problems, as well as for implementing ongoing quality assurance, are sure to prove invaluable to both students and practicing professionals.
For the professional engineer involved in the design and manufacture of products containing electronic components, here is a comprehensive handbook to the theory and methods surrounding the assembly of microelectronic and electronic components. The book focuses on computers and consumer electronic products with internal subsystems that reflect mechanical design constraints, cost limitations, and aesthetic and ergonomic concerns. Taking a total system approach to packaging, the book systematically examines: basic chip and computer architecture; design and layout; interassembly and interconnections; cooling scheme; materials selection, including ceramics, glasses, and metals; stress, vibration, and acoustics; and manufacturing and assembly technology. 1994 (0-471-53299-1) 800 pp.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, HYBRID, AND MULTICHIP MODULE PACKAGE DESIGN GUIDELINES: A Focus on Reliability --Michael Pecht
This comprehensive guide features a uniquely organized time-phased approach to design, development, qualification, manufacture, and in-service management. It provides step-by-step instructions on how to define realistic system requirements, define the system usage environment, identify potential failure modes, characterize materials and processes by the key control label factors, and use experiment, step-stress, and accelerated methods to ensure optimum design before production begins. Topics covered include: detailed design guidelines for substrate...wire and wire, tape automated, and flip-chip bonding...element attachment and case, lead, lead and lid seals--incorporating dimensional and geometric configurations of package elements, manufacturing and assembly conditions, materials selection, and loading conditions. 1993 (0-471-59446-6) 454 pp.

This proceedings volume contains 38 papers presented at the 4th Working Conference on "Rel iability* and Optimization of Structural Systems", held at the Technical University of Munich, Germany, September 11- 13, 1991. The Working Conference was organised by the IFIP (Interna tional Federation for Information Processing) Working Group 7.5 of Technical Committee 7 and was the fourth in a series, following similar conferences held at the University of Aalborg, Den mark, May 1987, at the Imperial College, London, UK, September 1988 and at the University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, March 1990. The Working Conference was attended by 54 participants from 16 countries. The objectives of Working Group 7.5 are: * to promote modern structural systems optimization and reliability theory, * to advance international cooperation in the field of structural system optimization and reliability theory, * to stimulate research, development and application of structural system optimization and reli ability theory, * to further the dissemination and exchange of information on reliability and optimization of structural systems * to encourage education in structural system optimization and reliability theory. At present the members of the Working Group are: A. H.-S. Ang, U.S.A. M. Grimmelt, FRG G. A ugwti, Italy N. C. Lind, Canada M. J. Baker, UK H. O. Mad&en, Denmark P. Bjerager, Norway R. E. Melcher~, Australia C. A. Cornell, U.S.A. F. Mo~e~, U.S.A.

The aim of this volume is to present to researchers and engineers working on problems concerned with the mechanics of solids and structures, the current state of the development and application to procedures for assessing the reliability of a system. Particular attention is paid to their use in the analysis of complex engineering systems. The topics covered reflect the need to integrate, within the overall methodology, statistical methods for dealing with uncertain parameters and random excitation with the development of a suitable safety indexes and design codes. The basic principles of reliability theory, together with current standard methodology, including a consideration of the operational, economic and legal aspects of reliability assurance, is reviewed, together with an introduction to new developments, such as the application of expert systems technology. Damage accumulation predictions, with applications in seismic engineering are also covered.

This proceedings volume contains 33 papers presented at the 3rd Working Conference on "Rel- iability and Optimization of Structural Systems", held at the University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, March 26 -28, 1990. The Working Conference was organised by the IFIP (Inter- national Federation for Information Processing) Working Group 7.5 of Technical Committee 7 and was the third in a series, following similar conferences held at the University of Aalborg, Denmark, May 1987 and at the Imperial College, London, UK, September 1988. The Working Conference was attended by 48 participants from 12 countries. The objectives of Working Group 7.5 are: * to promote modern structural systems optimization and reliability theory, * to advance international cooperation in the field of structural system optimization and reliability theory, * to stimulate research, development and application of structural system optimization and reli- ability theory, * to further the dissemination and exchange of information on reliability and optimization of structural systems * to encourage education in structural system optimization and reliability theory. At present the members of the Working Group are: A. H.-S. Ang, U.S.A. G. A ugusti, Italy M. J. Baker, United Kingdom P. Bjerager, Norway R. B. Corotis, U.S.A. C. A. Cornell, U.S.A. M. Grigoriu, U.S.A. A. Der Kiureghian, U.S.A. O. Ditlevsen, Denmark D. M. Frangopol, U.S.A. S. Garribba, Italy H. Furuta, Japan M. R. Gorman, U.S.A. M. Grimmelt, Germany, F. R.

Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) is becoming increasing popular; practitioners use it in the railway, air traffic management and nuclear industries, amongst others. Originally developed to present safety assurance arguments, GSN need not be restricted to safety assurances only; in principle, you can use it to present (and test) any argument. Anyone wishing to support, or refute, a claim can use GSN. Written by an experienced practitioner, " The Goal Structuring Notation" is both for those who wish to prepare and present compelling arguments using the notation, and for those who wish to review such arguments critically and effectively.

To emphasise the versatility of this approach" The Goal Structuring Notation" presents examples and questions based on diverse subject areas including Business Management, Drama, Engineering, Politics and Astrobiology. Simple examples introduce each symbol of the notation before introducing more complex structures which illustrate how the symbols work together in practical scenarios. To aid learning, questions and problems augment the text, so that the reader may reflect upon and try out the new concepts and principles presented.

As a comprehensive instruction in the basics of GSN and it's application, "The Goal Structuring Notation "also serves as a references or manual for the practitioner to dip into as problems are encountered or as a key resource for engineers working in those industries which require a clear description of the notation, covering the initial principles and showing why each piece of the notation is necessary.
Originally developed to present safety assurance arguments, GSN need not be so restricted. GSN - The Goal Structuring Notation presents examples from diverse subject areas, including business management, drama, engineering, politics and astrobiology."

E-maintenance is the synthesis of two major trends in today's society: the growing importance of maintenance as a key technology and the rapid development of information and communication technology. E-maintenance gives the reader an overview of the possibilities offered by new and advanced information and communication technology to achieve efficient maintenance solutions in industry, energy production and transportation, thereby supporting sustainable development in society. Sixteen chapters cover a range of different technologies, such as: new micro sensors, on-line lubrication sensors, smart tags for condition monitoring, wireless communication and smart personal digital assistants. E-maintenance also discusses semantic data-structuring solutions; ontology structured communications; implementation of diagnostics and prognostics; and maintenance decision support by economic optimisation. It includes four industrial cases that are both described and analysed in detail, with an outline of a global application solution. E-maintenance is a useful tool for engineers and technicians who wish to develop e-maintenance in industrial sites. It is also a source of new and stimulating ideas for researchers looking to make the next step towards sustainable development.