he workshop on high-temperature guarded-hot-plate and pipe measurements was held on March 19-20, 2012 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. The workshop was co-sponsored by the ASTM International Subcommittee C16:30 on Thermal Measurement and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This was the second workshop in a series that specifically focused on the needs of operators conducting these types of measurements.

This handbook is a both a description of the current practice at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and a compilation of the theory and lore of gauge block calibration. Most of the chapters are nearly self-contained so that the interested reader can, for example, get information on the cleaning and handling of gauge blocks without having to read the chapters on measurement schemes or process control, etc. This partitioning of the material has led to some unavoidable repetition of material between chapters. The basic structure of the handbook is from the theoretical to the practical. Chapter 1: basic concepts and definitions of length and units; Chapter 2: history of gauge blocks, appropriate definitions and a discussion of pertinent national and international standards; Chapter 3: physical characteristics of gauge blocks, including thermal, mechanical and optical properties; Chapter 4: a description of statistical process control (SPC) and measurement assurance (MA) concepts; and Chapters 5 and 6: details of the mechanical comparisons and interferometric techniques used for gauge block calibrations. Full discussions of the related uncertainties and corrections are included. Finally, the appendices cover in more detail some important topics in metrology and gauge block calibration.

This highly successful manual has served for nearly three decades as the definitive guide to the safe use of radioactive materials. Completely revised and updated, the fourth edition presents a new dimension by adding coverage of nonionizing radiation, and is thus concerned with the entire field of radiation protection.

The author takes the novel approach of introducing the whole range of energies possessed by particles and electromagnetic waves at the beginning of the text, thus integrating coverage of ionizing and nonionizing radiation rather than considering them as two separate disciplines. He goes on to cover the entire spectrum of radiation sources, including radionuclides, x-ray machines, accelerators, nuclear reactors, power lines, microwave towers, and cellular phones.

With its expanded coverage, including a broader focus on public health issues, this new volume will serve as an important training and reference resource, not only for research scientists, physicians, and engineers, but for regulatory officials, attorneys, engineers, and environmental health and safety professionals. The breadth of citations alone makes this resource invaluable.

A linear-fit method of rating residential-type air conditioning systems was evaluated based on performance predictions and laboratory testing of one two-speed matched system and two mixed systems (matched two-speed condensing unit, matched indoor coil blower, and two mixed coil blowers). The individual evaporators and the condensing unit were separately tested using water heated/cooled condensing/evaporating units at standard air conditions over a range of evaporator refrigerant saturation temperatures, evaporator superheats, and liquid refrigerant temperatures. Capacity predictions were within 1.0 % of the tested values for the mixed systems, and the EER predictions were within 1.5 % of the measured EERs. The methods used for system rating on the two-speed system can also be applied to a variable-speed system.

This book presents scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fundamentals and applications for nanotechnology. It includes integrated fabrication techniques using the SEM, such as e-beam and FIB, and it covers in-situ nanomanipulation of materials. The book is written by international experts from the top nano-research groups that specialize in nanomaterials characterization. The book will appeal to nanomaterials researchers, and to SEM development specialists.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 155-2011, Weights and Measures Programs Requirements, is a Handbook for the Weights and Measures Administrator. When a weights and measures administrator makes decisions within a specific jurisdiction, it is beneficial to understand the scope of the entire system and to reflect upon methods and practices that have been tested over the years. This handbook was developed for the weights and measures administrator to be used as a reference tool. It is designed to read in sections as needed for a specific situation or to learn piece by piece about the weights and measures system as a whole.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 133, Checking the Net Contents of Packaged Goods, has been prepared as a procedural guide for the compliance testing of net contents statements on packaged goods. Compliance testing of packaged goods is the determination of the conformance results of the packaging, distribution, and retailing process (the packages) to specific legal requirements for net content declarations. This handbook has been developed primarily for the use of government officials; however it should also be useful to commercial and industrial establishments in the areas of packaging, distribution, and sale of commodities. In conducting compliance testing, the conversion of quantity values from one measurement system to another (e.g., from the metric system to the avoirdupois system) should be handled with careful regard to the implied correspondence between accuracy of the data and the number of digits displayed. In all conversion, the number of significant digits retained should ensure that accuracy is neither sacrificed nor exaggerated. For this edition of Handbook 133 all dimensions for test procedures, devices, or environments have been rounded to two significant digits (e.g., 2.5 cm to 1.0 in) or to a precision level applicable to the test equipment (e.g., 200 kPa for 25 psi and 35 MPa for 5000 psi).

This NIST IR of Selected Publications has been updated from the 2006 version and includes Good Laboratory Practices, Good Measurement Practices, and Standard Operating Procedures for volumetric calibrations.

An essential resource for scholars and a treat for curious readers, this uniquely detailed history of American weights and measures traces these everyday standards back to their originals and explains the ancient trade system on which they are based.

Early in my career I was given the task of designing a sub-critical nuclear reactor facility that was to be used to perform basic research in the area of reactor physics. We planned to run a series of experiments to determine fundamental parameters related to the distribution of neutrons in such s- tems. I felt that it was extremely important to understand how the design would impact upon the accuracy of our results and as a result of this - quirement I developed a design methodology that I subsequently called prediction analysis. After working with this method for several years and applying it to a variety of different experiments, I wrote a book on the subject. Not surprisingly, it was entitled Prediction Analysis and was p- lished by Van Nostrand in 1967. Since the book was published over 40 years ago science and technology have undergone massive changes due to the computer revolution. Not - ly has available computing power increased by many orders of magnitude, easily available and easy to use software has become almost ubiquitous. In the 1960's my emphasis was on the development of equations, tables and graphs to help researchers design experiments based upon some we- known mathematical models. When I reconsider this work in the light of today's world, the emphasis should shift towards applying current techn- ogy to facilitate the design process.

The textbook acquaints the reader with the architecture of receivers of analog and digital radio systems, helps to study the stages of designing a modern radio receiver and reveals the reasons and methods for its effective operation in networks for various purposes. Particular attention is paid to the methods of generating and processing signals in the receivers of digital systems with multiple access, which make it possible to provide data transfer rates close to the maximum possible (according to Shannon). As a textbook for students studying methods of optimal signal reception, the book will also be useful to specialists in the field of telecommunications involved in the development of radio receivers. The book shows how the development of theoretical, circuitry and integrated technologies led to the active introduction of algorithmic methods for signal processing changed both the design of receivers and the methods of forming the information flow in free space (MIMO, beamforming). The creation of a global 5G network based on heterogeneous networks puts forward new requirements for the architecture of receivers, which are determined by the requirements to achieve high data rates, low time delays or use in networks with coordinated multipoint transmission and reception (CoMP). To consolidate the knowledge gained, the book includes a complete set of materials for online classes, including questions and answers, a guide to solving problems for each chapter, and computer modeling units of receivers in the MicroCAP environment, based on preliminary calculations.

"A DICTIONARY OF INTERNATIONAL UNITS Metric-Matters: Names and Symbols" enriches your vocabulary and provides the International Standard for units and symbols throughout the World.

Discover the 19 scientists of six nationalities whose surnames have been used for SI (metric) units.

This is a valuable resource for reference, especially for science students. It gives twenty SI prefixes with guidance on how to write units, names, symbols, and numerical values correctly.

This the first book to describe the system of weights and measures used in medieval Scotland and to explain its evolution into modern times, and also the first to provide secure and accurate figures for the sizes of the units. The book's radical approach includes an emphasis on the physical evidence from surviving measurement standards, and it demonstrates that Scotland's meteorology was sophisticated and was closely involved with those of her trading partners. The book will appeal to a specialist market that includes social, economic and science historians; Scottish historians; weight and scale collectors; museums; and science and technology libraries.

In June 1792, amidst the chaos of the French Revolution, two intrepid astronomers set out in opposite directions on an extraordinary journey. Starting in Paris, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre would make his way north to Dunkirk, while Pierre-François-André Méchain voyaged south to Barcelona. Their mission was to measure the world, and their findings would help define the meter as one ten-millionth of the distance between the pole and the equator -- a standard that would be used "for all people, for all time."

The Measure of All Things is the astonishing tale of one of history's greatest scientific adventures. Yet behind the public triumph of the metric system lies a secret error, one that is perpetuated in every subsequent definition of the meter. As acclaimed historian and novelist Ken Alder discovered through his research, there were only two people on the planet who knew the full extent of this error: Delambre and Méchain themselves.

By turns a science history, detective tale, and human drama, The Measure of All Things describes a quest that succeeded as it failed -- and continues to enlighten and inspire to this day.

In 1903 John Burroughs published an Atlantic Monthly article attacking popular nature writers--among them William J. Long and Jack London--as "sham naturalists."

The spirited "nature fakers" controversy that ensued reveals much about public attitudes toward nature at the time. Burroughs's argument that the writers invented facts and reported them as the gospel truth prompted a public literary debate, fueled by the avid participation of the nation's leading magazines and newspapers, and President Theodore Roosevelt's own denunciation of the 'faker' contingent. At issue was the conflict between science and sentiment as methods of understanding the creatures of the wild.

Ultimately, as Ralph Lutts demonstrates in "The Nature Fakers, " the dialogue resulted in a new standard of accuracy for the responsible nature writer and reflected a new way of thinking about moral responsibilities to wildlife.

The measurement practice section illustrates the application of objective measurement methods to personality psychology, a sociological study of school environment, personnel management, pain research, motor performance, and curriculum development. It emphasizes practice over theory, showing how measurement practice contributes valuable perspectives on substantive theory. The measurement theory section describes the development of new measurement models that extend objective measurement into learning contexts, rank-ordered data, and multidimensional profiles composed of subtests. These are complemented by a study of the use of objective measurement to examine the construct validity of items, and an exploration of the impact of text anxiety and item order on measurements. The final section examines recent developments in mathematical programming techniques applied to test assembly, parameter estimation and generalizability theory.

Introduces readers to the concept of opposites through the pairing of high and low. Simple text, straightforward photos, and a photo glossary make this title the perfect primer on a common pair of opposites.

CONTENTS - FOREWORD - 1. ANGULAR MEASURE - 2. AREA - 3. ATOMIC ENERGY UNITS - 4. DENSITY AND CONCENTRATION - 5. ELECTRICAL UNITS - 6. ENERGY - 7. FLOW - 8. FORCE - 9. LENGTH - 10. MAGNETIC UNITS - 11. MASS - 12. POWER - 13. PRESSURE - 14. TIME - 15. VELOCITY - 16. VOLUME - 17. REFERENCES - 18. APPENDIX A. - SYSTEMS OF UNITS - 19. APPENDIX B. - COMPARISON OF INTERNATIONAL AND U.S. - CUSTOMARY UNITS -