Das vorliegende Lehrbuch bietet Studierenden der Natur- und Ingenieurswissenschaften einen ubersichtlichen und anschaulichen Einstieg in den Umgang mit Messdaten und deren Interpretation unter Verwendung der Messunsicherheit - fruher oft Fehlerrechnung genannt. Dabei stehen das Verstandnis und die Vermittlung von direkt anwendbarem Wissen im Vordergrund. Auf lange mathematische Herleitungen wird weitgehend verzichtet. Auf Basis einiger einfacher Grundprinzipien wie der Verteilung der Messwerte oder dem mathematischen Modell einer Messung fuhrt dieses Buch in zentrale Themen ein: - das Messen an sich, - die Angabe von Messergebnissen, - das Konzept der Unsicherheit, - die Auswertung von Messdaten mittels verschiedener Methoden, - sowie die Bewertung der erhaltenen Ergebnisse. Alle diese Themen werden anhand vielfaltiger Beispiele ausfuhrlich dargestellt und die Anwendung der abstrakten Konzepte anhand konkreter Zahlenbeispiele veranschaulicht. Fragen zur Selbstkontrolle sowie zur Vertiefung der Inhalte runden jedes Kapitel ab.

Das Buch beinhaltet die Ergebnisse des dreijahrigen Verbundprojekts Separator i4.0 des BMBF-Spitzenclusters it's OWL. Gegenstand des Projekts war die nachhaltige Einbindung von Expertenwissen in die zukunftsweisende Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung von Separationsprozessen. Durch die Entwicklung neuartiger intelligenter Komponenten aus dem Bereich der Sensorik wird es zukunftig moeglich sein, Separatoren und die zugehoerigen Prozesszusammenhange zu verstehen und diese oekologisch/oekonomisch optimal auszulegen und zu betreiben. Hierzu wurde ein Instrumentarium bestehend aus Methoden und Loesungen erarbeitet, das daruber hinaus auf analoge Problemstellungen komplexer maschinenbaulicher Anlagen anwendbar sein wird.

Dieser Band der Reihe Fachwissen Technische Akustik behandelt die in der Bauakustik meistverbreiteten Messmethoden, vom theoretischen Hintergrund uber anwendungspraktische Fragestellungen bis hin zu den nationalen und internationalen Normen. Die Normenreihe der DIN EN ISO 12354 dient dabei als roter Faden, da sie die messbaren Groessen der Bauakustik in einen Gesamtzusammenhang bringt. Ausgehend von den Aufgabenstellungen der bauakustischen Messtechnik werden die in Frage kommenden Kenngroessen erlautert. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt ist der Zusammenhang zu den bestehenden nationalen und internationalen Normen. Schwerpunktmassig werden die Grundprinzipien der Luft- und Trittschalldammung behandelt. Beschrieben werden Messverfahren, die im Labor und in Gebauden zum Einsatz kommen. Dabei wird ausfuhrlich auf die Schalldammung als Bauteil- bzw. Systemeigenschaft eingegangen. Die aus den physikalischen Grundlagen ableitbaren Voraussetzungen der Messverfahren wie z.B. die Anforderungen an die Schallfelder und die daraus ableitbaren Festlegungen der Messverfahren (z.B. Position und Anzahl von Lautsprechern und Mikrofonen) werden eingehend diskutiert. Auf praktische Fragestellungen wie die Notwendigkeit der Fremdgerauschkorrektur oder den Einfluss der Koerperschallnachhallzeiten auf die Messergebnisse wird bei den jeweiligen Messverfahren ebenfalls Bezug genommen. Ein ausfuhrliches Literatur- und Normenverzeichnis erganzt die behandelten Themen, so dass eine weiterfuhrende Vertiefung ermoeglicht wird.

In diesem Band der Reihe Fachwissen Technische Akustik werden Grundlagen der Abtastung und Quantisierung, digitale Filter sowie mehrere digitale Signalverarbeitungsmethoden beschrieben: Echtzeit-Frequenzanalysator, 2-Kanal-FFT-Analysator mit Sweep- oder Rauschanregung und Maximalfolgenmesstechnik. Anwendungen und Fehlerquellen der digitalen Messverfahren werden an Beispielen diskutiert.

Success in scientific and engineering research depends on effective writing and presentation. The purpose of this guide is to help the reader achieve that goal. It enables students and researchers to write and present material to a professional modern standard, efficiently and painlessly, and with maximum impact. The approach is not prescriptive. Rather, the emphasis is on a logical approach to communication, informed by what needs to be achieved, what works in practice, and what interferes with success. Over 400 examples of good and bad writing and graphing are presented. Each is from a published research article and is accompanied by analysis, comment, and correction where needed. Journal reviewers' critiques of submitted manuscripts are included to illustrate common pitfalls. Above all, this is a "how-to" book, comprehensive but concise, suitable for continuous study or quick reference. Checklists at the end of each chapter enable the reader to test the readiness of a dissertation, journal submission, or conference presentation for assessment or review. Although oriented towards engineering and the physical and life sciences, it is also relevant to other areas, including behavioural and clinical sciences and medicine.

Reiner Thiele fuhrt in die polarisationsoptischen Grundlagen der Sensortechnik ein. Er zeigt dazu, ausgehend von einer Faraday-Effekt-Applikation zur Messung hoher elektrischer Stroeme, das Verfahren zum Test optischer und elektronischer Sensorkomponenten auf. Seine Testergebnisse erlauben die Erkennung von Schwachstellen im Sensor und fuhren auf Moeglichkeiten zu deren Kompensation. Daraus resultieren effiziente Methoden zur Elimination der stoerenden Doppelbrechung in optischen Kopplern.

Reiner Thiele zeigt die Loesung auf, wie die Messung von hohen elektrischen Stroemen ohne Eingriff in den Messgroessenkreis gelingt - ein grundsatzliches Problem der elektrischen Energietechnik. Er schlagt dies durch die Applikation des Faraday-Effektes zur Polarisations-Ebenen-Drehung linear polarisierten Lichts in Lichtwellenleitern vor, induziert durch das den stromfuhrenden elektrischen Leiter umgebende Magnetfeld. Eine in Transmission arbeitende erfindungsgemasse Schaltungsanordnung aus optischen und elektronischen Komponenten stellt dabei den gewunschten linearen Zusammenhang zwischen Messgroesse und Messwert bei Elimination der stoerenden Doppelbrechung der Lichtwellenleiter her, die sich ansonsten vermindernd auf die Effizienz des Faraday-Effektes auswirkt.

Early in my career I was given the task of designing a sub-critical nuclear reactor facility that was to be used to perform basic research in the area of reactor physics. We planned to run a series of experiments to determine fundamental parameters related to the distribution of neutrons in such s- tems. I felt that it was extremely important to understand how the design would impact upon the accuracy of our results and as a result of this - quirement I developed a design methodology that I subsequently called prediction analysis. After working with this method for several years and applying it to a variety of different experiments, I wrote a book on the subject. Not surprisingly, it was entitled Prediction Analysis and was p- lished by Van Nostrand in 1967. Since the book was published over 40 years ago science and technology have undergone massive changes due to the computer revolution. Not - ly has available computing power increased by many orders of magnitude, easily available and easy to use software has become almost ubiquitous. In the 1960's my emphasis was on the development of equations, tables and graphs to help researchers design experiments based upon some we- known mathematical models. When I reconsider this work in the light of today's world, the emphasis should shift towards applying current techn- ogy to facilitate the design process.

La (TM)introduzione delle lauree triennali ha in molti casi costretto i docenti a ridurre drasticamente il numero di ore di insegnamento e quindi la (TM)estensione dei programmi dei corsi di Fisica.

In questo volumetto l'autore si A] proposto di esporre sinteticamente ma con il massimo rigore possibile il corso di Fisica Generale I evitando le dimostrazioni delle leggi fisiche, ma dando la prioritA alle applicazioni di tali leggi e allo svolgimento di esercizi che in genere viene trascurato in molti corsi.

Ha cercato pertanto di presentare i fenomeni fisici sottolineando, dove possibile, la loro presenza nella vita quotidiana e le loro piA semplici e immediate applicazioni, consentendo in tal modo agli studenti di vedere la Fisica non piA come una interminabile serie di formule ma come un nuovo modo di interpretare e di capire i fenomeni naturali inanimati (del resto non dobbiamo dimenticare che il termine greco da cui deriva il suo nome A] fisis, fisis, ovvero natura).

Il contenuto A] completo, comprendendo anche capitoli quali la meccanica relativa, i fluidi, la termodinamica dei ciclia ] Al termine di ogni capitolo viene riportato un formulario che riassume sinteticamente le leggi piA importanti esposte nel capitolo, premessa questa indispensabile per permettere allo studente la risoluzione di problemi che segue. Il CD allegato al volume, presenta una raccolta di problemi molto piA ricca.

Sie mussen einen naturwissenschaftlich-technischen Aufsatz schreiben und stehen nun vor dem Problem, ihre wenigen Formeln und Gleichungen korrekt darstellen zu wollen? Sie besitzen bereits Bucher zum Thema "Schreiben einer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit", moechten zusatzlich aber erfahren, wie Sie bestimmte Sonderzeichen erzeugen koennen? Sie kennen sich in der Materie schon ganz gut aus, moechten aber regelkonform schreiben? Dieses essential liefert Ihnen Antworten in komprimierter Form. Neben allgemeinen Tipps erhalten Sie auch solche fur das Arbeiten mit MS Word und daruber hinaus Informationen zum Umgang mit MS Excel, MS Powerpoint, OpenOffice und LibreOffice.

This open-access book addresses the following questions: how does the polarization of a particle, i.e., the angular momentum state in which it is produced, manifest itself in nature? What are the concepts and tools needed to perform rigorous measurements providing complete and unambiguous physical information? Polarization measurements are important because they reflect the nature and coupling properties of a particle and provide unique insights into the underlying fundamental interactions, playing a central role in the study and understanding of the mechanisms of particle production. Besides gradually reviewing many fundamental notions, the book presents several case studies relevant to physics analyses underway at the LHC, including the lepton-antilepton decays of vector states (Drell-Yan, Z and W bosons, quarkonia, etc.). The book also offers a detailed discussion of cascade decays, where the vector particle is a daughter of another particle, as well as a survey of typical angular distributions of particles of any integer or half-integer spin. With a visual approach to the presentation of the concepts and frequent use of pedagogical examples, taken from real measurements, gedankenexperiments, or detailed simulations, the book focuses on aspects of polarization measurements that are sometimes underestimated or left unexplored in experimental analyses, such as the importance of the choice of the reference frame, the existence of frame-independent relations, and the shapes of the physically allowed parameter domains. Several examples are provided of pitfalls introduced when the intrinsic multidimensionality of the problem is neglected in exchange for a simplified analysis. Targeting an audience of graduate students, post-docs, and other researchers involved in analyses of LHC data, this book helps to establish a solid bridge between high precision data, existing or soon to be collected, and accurate measurements, including high-sensitivity tests of the Standard Model.

Written by three leading experts in the field, this textbook describes and explains all aspects of the scanning probe microscopy. Emphasis is placed on the experimental design and procedures required to optimize the performance of the various methods. Scanning Probe Microscopy covers not only the physical principles behind scanning probe microscopy but also questions of instrumental designs, basic features of the different imaging modes, and recurring artifacts. The intention is to provide a general textbook for all types of classes that address scanning probe microscopy. Third year undergraduates and beyond should be able to use it for self-study or as textbook to accompany a course on probe microscopy. Furthermore, it will be valuable as reference book in any scanning probe microscopy laboratory. Novel applications and the latest important results are also presented, and the book closes with a look at the future prospects of scanning probe microscopy, also discussing related techniques in nanoscience. Ideally suited as an introduction for graduate students, the book will also serve as a valuable reference for practising researchers developing and using scanning probe techniques.

This book brings together two broad themes that have generated a great deal of interest and excitement in the scientific and technical community in the last 100 years or so: quantum tunnelling and nonlinear dynamical systems. It applies these themes to nanostructured solid state heterostructures operating at room temperature to gain insight into novel photonic devices, systems and applications.

This book presents a general framework for modelling power system devices to develop complete electromechanical models for synchronous machines, induction machines, and power electronic devices. It also presents linear system analysis tools that are specific to power systems and which are not generally taught in undergraduate linear system courses. Lastly, the book covers the application of the models, analysis and tools to the design of automatic voltage controllers and power system stabilisers, both for single-machine-infinite-bus systems and multi-machine interconnected systems. In most textbooks modelling, dynamic analysis, and control are closely linked to the computation methods used for analysis and design. In contrast, this book separates the essential principles and the computational methods used for power system dynamics and control. The clear distinction between principles and methods makes the potentially daunting task of designing controllers for power systems much easier to approach. A rich set of exercises is also included, and represents an integral part of the book. Students can immediately apply-using any computational tool or software-the essential principles discussed here to practical problems, helping them master the essentials.

For a physicist, "noise" is not just about sounds, but refers to any random physical process that blurs measurements, and in so doing stands in the way of scientific knowledge. This book deals with the most common types of noise, their properties, and some of their unexpected virtues. The text explains the most useful mathematical concepts related to noise. Finally, the book aims at making this subject more widely known and to stimulate the interest for its study in young physicists.