The Second Monte Verita Colloquium Fundamental Problematic Issues in Turbu lence was held in Monte Verita, Switzerland, on March 23-27, 1998. The main goal of the Colloquium was to bring together in the relaxed atmo sphere of Monte Verita a group of leading scientists (consisting of representatives of different generations) and to discuss informally and free of the influence of funding agencies and/or other "politics" of nonscientific nature the basic issues of turbulence. The intention was to put major emphasis on the exposition of the problematic aspects and discussion(s) - not mere reporting of results, i. e. not hav ing just one more meeting. For this purpose it was originally thought to leave all the afternoons free of formal presentations at all. However, this intention became unrealistic due to a number of reasons, and, in the first place, due to strong pres sure from various parts of the scientific community and non-scientific constraints to broaden the scope and to increase the number of participants as compared to the First Colloquium held in 1991. This resulted in a considerable reduction of time for discussions. Nevertheless, the remaining time for discussions was much larger than usually allocated at scientific conferences. On the scientific side the main idea was to bring together scientists work ing in turbulence from different fields, such as mathematics, physics, engineering and others. In this respect the Colloquium was definitely very successful and re sulted in a number of interesting interactions and contacts."

This monograph develops the theory of noise mechanisms and measurements, and describes general noise characteristics and computational methods. The vast ambient noise literature is concisely summarized using theory combined with key representative results.

The air sea boundary interaction zone is described in terms of nondimensional variables requisite for future experiments. Noise field coherency, rare directional measurements, and unique basin scale computations and methods are presented. The use of satellite measurements in these basin scale models is demonstrated. A series of appendices provides in-depth mathematical treatments which will be of interest to graduate students and active researchers.

"Blurb & Contents" "The reader is treated to constantly refreshing and engaging commentary and opinion that always informs....As she depicts them, the problems of the universe are always fascinating and, most of all, they are alive and compelling." David DeVorkin, Sky & Telescope Virginia Trimble offers readers a fascinating and accessible tour of the stars. An astronomer with shared appointments in California and Maryland, the author ranges over a large portion of the universe as she discusses the search for life on other planets, how galaxies form, why stars explode and die, and the nature of the elusive dark matter in the universe. She also explains the astronomical significance of Cheeps' pyramid and leads the reader through scientific speculation about what and when the Star of Bethlehem might have been. Throughout, Trimble points to the exciting unanswered questions that still perplex the field and considers the formidable tasks to be faced by the next generation of young astronomers.

Feedback-Based Orthogonal Digital Filters: Theory, Applications, and Implementation develops the theory of a feedback-based orthogonal digital filter and examines several applications where the filter topology leads to a simple and efficient solution. The development of the filter structure is linked to concepts in observer theory. Several signal processing problems can be represented as estimation problems, where a parametric representation of the input is used, to try and replicate it locally. This estimation problem can be solved using an identity observer, and the filter topology falls in this framework. Hence the filter topology represents a universal building block that can find application in several problems, such as spectral estimation, time-recursive computation of transforms, etc. Further, because of the orthogonality constraints satisfied by the structure, it also represents a robust solution under finite precision conditions. The book also presents the observer-based viewpoint of several signal processing problems, and shows that problems that are typically treated independently in the literature are in fact linked and can be cast in a single unified framework. In addition to examining the theoretical issues, the book describes practical issues related to a hardware implementation of the building block, in both the digital and analog domain. On the digital side, issues relating to implementation using semi-custom chips (FPGA's), and ASIC design are examined. On the analog side, the design and testing of a fabricated chip, that functions as a multi-sinusoidal phase-locked-loop, are described. Feedback-Based Orthogonal Digital Filters serves as an excellent reference. May be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

Flow meters measure the volumetric flow rate in a pipeline. Most meters are based on deriving a signal from the fluid flow and calibrating the signal against the volumetric flow rate. The calibration is done in fully-developed flow, and the same state of flow must exist at the meter's position when it is in practical use. Because the field of flow metering has been neglected by fluid mechanicists for a long time, this book addresses two major fluid mechanical problems in flow metering: the analysis of signal generation in turbulent pipe flow, which explains the function of the meter beyond a simple calibration, and the possible use of a meter in non-developed flows. These problems are investigated with reference to, and examples from, a variety of meters, e.g. ultrasound cross-correlation meters, vortex meters, and turbine meters. Studying these problems requires consideration of specific phenomena in turbulent non-developed pipe flow, as caused by installations, and finding special solutions with signal processing, both of which are included in the book.

Two complete new chapters have been introduced. The first one, Chapter 16, amplifies the many rich interactions between Geographie Information Systems (GIS) and the Navstar CPS. The words and pietures in this new chapter foeus on the powerful eleetronie mapmaking techniques that rely on Navstar navigation together with the many benefits stemming from the full-eolored "layered" maps now being produeed. Chapter 17, which is also new, deals with Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (lVHS). Navstar navigation techniques form the hidden backbone of most of the new electronic teehnologies that are helping to make America's traffic f10w more smoothly. Chapter 17 c10ses with narrative descriptions of three interesting IVHS projects: emergency tow-truck dispatching, optimum ambulance-routing, and the in-car traffie reports now being beamed into family cars cruising along Ameriea's major traffic arteries. Many helpful individuals contributed toward the successful completion of Under- standing the Navstar. My lovely wife, Cyndy, was unquestionably the most beneficial contributor. Her affectionate comments and her broad-ranging support were greatly appreciated. So was her diligent and uncomplaining work in word-process- ing the many drafts of the final manuseript. The artists, Lloyd and lInka Wing and Anthony and Dianne Vega, were also enormously helpful in providing quality figures and tables on schedule. They have become true masters of the Macintosh computer with its many beils and whistles. Preparing a book for publication is a time-consuming, invigorating task. I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed putting it together for your use.

What is this sound? What does that sound indicate? These are two questions frequently heard in daily conversation. Sound results from the vibrations of elastic media and in daily life provides informative signals of events happening in the surrounding environment. In interpreting auditory sensations, the human ear seems particularly good at extracting the signal signatures from sound waves. Although exploring auditory processing schemes may be beyond our capabilities, source signature analysis is a very attractive area in which signal-processing schemes can be developed using mathematical expressions. This book is inspired by such processing schemes and is oriented to signature analysis of waveforms. Most of the examples in the book are taken from data of sound and vibrations; however, the methods and theories are mostly formulated using mathematical expressions rather than by acoustical interpretation. This book might therefore be attractive and informative for scientists, engineers, researchers, and graduate students who are interested in the mathematical representation of signals and the applications of Fourier analysis. The book can be described as being practically self-contained but does assume readers are familiar with introductory topics in discrete signal processing, as in the discrete Fourier transform. Hence this book might be also usable as a textbook in graduate courses in applied mathematics on topics such as complex functions. Almost all scientific phenomena are sensed as waves propagating in some space. Over the years, waveform analysis has therefore been one of the resilient academic areas of study and still is seen as fertile ground for development. In particular, waveform analysis based on the theory of linear systems would be a good example where a physical interpretation can be given to the mathematical theory of complex functions in terms of magnitude, angle, poles, and zeros of complex functions. For readers who are interested in the physical aspects of sound and vibration data or elementary formulation of wave equations and their solutions, the book Sound and Signals by M. Tohyama (Springer 2011) is recommended. It can serve as a complementary companion to this present volume or independently as a good reference.

This reader-friendly resource covers the broad spectrum of satellite principles and their associated technologies. While other books limit their coverage to specialized services or to satellite payloads such as communication satellites, Satellite Systems focuses upon the methodology of launching satellites, keeping them there, the environments under which they operate, and other facets particular to their operation. Pattan's detailed, elaborate approach does not assume that the reader is versed in esoteric mathematics. Satellite Systems is specific enough to be a valuable working-tool to scientists and engineers in related fields, yet general enough to be accessible to students and interested lay people. Pattan throughly explores the concepts and technologies of satellite systems in simple, direct terms. Satellite Systems includes precise coverage of: *various orbits and the services they provide *international launch of vehicles and launch sites *phased array antennas for satellite network applications *mobile satellite services from land vehicles, aircraft, and ships *low orbit satellites for telecommunication and position determination applications *international frequency allocations for satellite control, payload management, and status *geometric relationships between satellite and Earth stations used in interference analysis, orbit determination, and location *the hostile environments in which satellites operate and cope *and much more Satellite Systems is a self-contained, extensive introduction that offers professionals and advanced undergraduate and graduate students of satellite systems the tools they need for in-depth understanding of the complexities of the subject. It is ideal as both a reference and a training text for engineers, technicians, communication lawyers, weather professionals, telecommunications experts, students, and anyone interested insatellites and satellite technology.

The objective of this book is to present the main theoretical approaches and models in shallow water acoustics as well as different experimental results. The focus is primarily concentrated on physical results describing the sound field in wave length. The authors show dynamic phenomena (tides, internal waves) from the perspective of acoustic influence as well as the scattering of sound over the macroscopic body in shallow water waveguide. The method of acoustic probing can be used by physicists, geophysicists, geologists and oceanographers.

Provides a comprehensive treatment of fluid mechanics from the basic concepts to in-depth application problems. Covers waves, torrential rains, and tsunamis. Offers two distinct chapters on jet flows and turbulent flows. Includes numerous end-of-chapter problems. Features a Solutions Manual and MAPLE worksheets for instructor use.

A strong reference on the problem of signal and speech enhancement, describing the newest developments in this exciting field. The general emphasis is on noise reduction, because of the large number of applications that can benefit from this technology.

The heh~vior of matter anrl waves in a rlynamical setting nffer~ many challenging prohlems to the mathematician anrl the m~terials scientist alike. Unrler review in this volume are a variety of nonlioear phenomena whose con- sirleration entails new perspectives, oot commooly fouorl in the literatllre. Of particular note is the experimental aspect of many of the papers. In arlrlition, attention has been given ta the interaction of electromagnetic anrl mechanical pro- perties of materials. Ouestions arise which cannat naw he answererl. Attempts are marle to rlescrihe anrl to unrlerstand phenomena which are far from equilihrium ar which suffer ahrupt changes in behavior. Some of this requires tentative physical or aoalytical assumptions. The hases for these hypotheses lie in the quest for a rational theory which agrees with experiment. This Volume anr! Volume 2, ~scUJation theory, compution, an'!. methorls ~ com- pensated ~~mpact~ess, offer oi fferent vi ewpoi nts of some of the rlynami cal stllrli es considereo during the 19f14-19R5 IMA program, Continullm Physics and Partial Differenti al Equati ons. Contents of the other volumes, fOllnrl at the enrl of the hook, contain other relevant titles.

We arehappy to welcome you to the IFIP Protocols for High-Speed Networks '96 workshop hosted by INRIA Sophia Antipolis. This is the fifth event in a series initiated in Zurich in 1989 followed by Palo Alto (1990), Stockholm (1993), and Vancouver (1994). This workshop provides an international forum for the exchange of information on protocols for high-speed networks. The workshop focus on problems related to the e: fficient transmission of multimedia application data using high-speed networks and internetworks. Protocol for High-Speed Networks is a "working conference." That explains we have privileged high quality papers describing on-going research and novel ideas. The number of selected papers was kept low in order to leave room for discussion on each paper. Together with the technical sessions, working sessions were organized on hot topics. We would like to thank all the authors for their interest. We also thank the Program Committee members for the Ievel of effort in the reviewing process and in the workshop technical program organization. We finally thank INRIA and DRET for their financial support to the organization of the workshop.

Teleservice is a common concept for distributed application services related to the use of telecommunication equipment, PCs, workstations and mainframes. Teleservices represent a diversity of applications related to various user and vendor cultures such as traditional telecommunications services, E-mail services, cooperative work, applications, multimedia applications, mobile services and intelligent network services. The complexity and diversity of teleservices are increasing, but of greater importance is the change in the way in which teleservices are designed, delivered and maintained. Information Network and Data Communications captures the cultural as well as the technical variety of teleservice.

This is the sixth conference in the series which started in 1981 in Paris, followed by conferences held in Zurich (1984), Rio de Janeirio (1987), Barcelona (1991), and Raleigh (1993). The main objective of this IFIP conference series is to provide a platform for the exchange of recent and original contributions in communications systems in the areas of performance analysis, architectures, and applications. There are many exiciting trends and developments in the communications industry, several of which are related to advances in Asynchronous Transfer Mode.(ATM), multimedia services, and high speed protocols. It is commonly believed in the communications industry that ATM represents the next generation of networking. Yet, there are a number of issues that has been worked on in various standards bodies, government and industry research and development labs, and universities towards enabling high speed networks in general and ATM networks in particular. Reflecting these trends, the technical program of the Sixth IFIP W.G. 6.3 Conference on Performance of Computer Networks consists of papers addressing a wide range of technical challenges and proposing various state of the art solutions to a subset of them. The program includes 25 papers selected by the program committee out of 57 papers submitted."

Open Distributed Processing contains the selected proceedings of the Third International Conference on Open Distributed Systems, organized by the International Federation for Information Processing and held in Brisbane, Australia, in February 1995. The book deals with the interconnectivity problems that advanced computer networking raises, providing those working in the area with the most recent research, including security and management issues.

Introduction to Traveling Waves is an invitation to research focused on traveling waves for undergraduate and masters level students. Traveling waves are not typically covered in the undergraduate curriculum, and topics related to traveling waves are usually only covered in research papers, except for a few texts designed for students. This book includes techniques that are not covered in those texts. Through their experience involving undergraduate and graduate students in a research topic related to traveling waves, the authors found that the main difficulty is to provide reading materials that contain the background information sufficient to start a research project without an expectation of an extensive list of prerequisites beyond regular undergraduate coursework. This book meets that need and serves as an entry point into research topics about the existence and stability of traveling waves. Features Self-contained, step-by-step introduction to nonlinear waves written assuming minimal prerequisites, such as an undergraduate course on linear algebra and differential equations. Suitable as a textbook for a special topics course, or as supplementary reading for courses on modeling. Contains numerous examples to support the theoretical material. Supplementary MATLAB codes available via GitHub.

This book presents an analytical theory of the electronic states in ideal low dimensional systems and finite crystals based on a differential equation theory approach. It provides precise and fundamental understandings on the electronic states in ideal low-dimensional systems and finite crystals, and offers new insights into some of the basic problems in low-dimensional systems, such as the surface states and quantum confinement effects, etc., some of which are quite different from what is traditionally believed in the solid state physics community. Many previous predictions have been confirmed in subsequent investigations by other authors on various relevant problems. In this new edition, the theory is further extended to one-dimensional photonic crystals and phononic crystals, and a general theoretical formalism for investigating the existence and properties of surface states/modes in semi-infinite one-dimensional crystals is developed. In addition, there are various revisions and improvements, including using the Kronig-Penney model to illustrate the analytical theory and make it easier to understand. This book is a valuable resource for solid-state physicists and material scientists.

This book presents the latest research in formal techniques for distributed systems, including material on theory, applications, tools and industrial usage of formal techniques.

Multidimensional Filter Banks and Wavelets: Reserach Developments and Applications brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date research results in this important area. Multidimensional Filter Banks and Wavelets: Research Developments and Applications serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most important research issues in the field.

This thesis, which won one of the six 2015 ATLAS Thesis Awards, concerns the study of the charmonium and bottomonium bound heavy quark bound states. The first section of the thesis describes the observation of a candidate for the chi_b(3P) bottomonium states. This represented the first observation of a new particle at the LHC and its existence was subsequently confirmed by D0 and LHCb experiments. The second part of the thesis presents measurements of the prompt and non-prompt production of the chi_c1 and chi_c2 charmonium states in proton-proton collisions. These measurements are compared to several theoretical predictions and can be used to inform the development of theoretical models of quarkonium production.

This monograph presents in detail the novel "wave" approach to finite element modeling of transient processes in solids. Strong discontinuities of stress, deformation, and velocity wave fronts as well as a finite magnitude of wave propagation speed over elements are considered. These phenomena, such as explosions, shocks, and seismic waves, involve problems with a time scale near the wave propagation time. Software packages for 1D and 2D problems yield significantly better results than classical FEA, so some FORTRAN programs with the necessary comments are given in the appendix. The book is written for researchers, lecturers, and advanced students interested in problems of numerical modeling of non-stationary dynamic processes in deformable bodies and continua, and also for engineers and researchers involved designing machines and structures, in which shock, vibro-impact, and other unsteady dynamics and waves processes play a significant role.

The Royal Society has initiated a series of meetings to discuss the effect advances in technology will have on our way of life in the next century. The two previous meetings have been concerned with housing and waste treat ment. The subject of the third meeting, communications, is no less critical to life, but it offers particular problems and uncertainties, especially in the forecasting of future trends. Indeed, some have doubted if there can be profitable debate on long-term development in such a fast-moving field. The importance of the topic justifies an attempt, and the reader will judge whether the authors have met the challenge. Communications today bears little resemblance to that of the 1970s. Then we knew about satellites and optical fibres, and we had seen lasers and silicon chips, but most of us could never imagine the potential of the new technologies within our grasp. We had also not assessed the thirst of the popUlation for more and better ways of talking and writing to each other. It was the combination of market need and technical capability that created the com munications revolution."

In the last decade parallel computing has been put forward as the only computational answer to the increasing computational needs arising from very large and complex fluid dynamic problems. Considerable efforts are being made to use parallel computers efficiently to solve several fluid dynamic problems originating in aerospace, climate modelling and environmental applications.

Parallel CFD Conferences are international and aim to increase discussion among researchers worldwide.

Topics covered in this particular book include typical CFD areas such as turbulence, Navier-Stokes and Euler solvers, reactive flows, with a good balance between both university and industrial applications. In addition, other applications making extensive use of CFD such as climate modelling and environmental applications are also included.

Anyone involved in the challenging field of Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics will find this volume useful in their daily work.