Covers the theory and practice of innovative new approaches to modelling acoustic propagation There are as many types of acoustic phenomena as there are media, from longitudinal pressure waves in a fluid to S and P waves in seismology. This text focuses on the application of computational methods to the fields of linear acoustics. Techniques for solving the linear wave equation in homogeneous medium are explored in depth, as are techniques for modelling wave propagation in inhomogeneous and anisotropic fluid medium from a source and scattering from objects. Written for both students and working engineers, this book features a unique pedagogical approach to acquainting readers with innovative numerical methods for developing computational procedures for solving problems in acoustics and for understanding linear acoustic propagation and scattering. Chapters follow a consistent format, beginning with a presentation of modelling paradigms, followed by descriptions of numerical methods appropriate to each paradigm. Along the way important implementation issues are discussed and examples are provided, as are exercises and references to suggested readings. Classic methods and approaches are explored throughout, along with comments on modern advances and novel modeling approaches. Bridges the gap between theory and implementation, and features examples illustrating the use of the methods described Provides complete derivations and explanations of recent research trends in order to provide readers with a deep understanding of novel techniques and methods Features a systematic presentation appropriate for advanced students as well as working professionals References, suggested reading and fully worked problems are provided throughout An indispensable learning tool/reference that readers will find useful throughout their academic and professional careers, this book is both a supplemental text for graduate students in physics and engineering interested in acoustics and a valuable working resource for engineers in an array of industries, including defense, medicine, architecture, civil engineering, aerospace, biotech, and more.

This best-selling book introduces a broad audience including scientists and engineers working in a variety of fields as well as mathematicians from other subspecialties to one of the most active new areas of applied mathematics and the story of its discovery and development. Organized in "hypertext fashion," the book tells a story of scientific discovery with separate brief entries for technical terms and explicit appendices in a section called "Beyond Plain English."

The advent of instruments capable of measuring sound intensity, which represents the flow of energy in sound fields, has revolutionised audio-frequency acoustical metrology. Since publication of the first edition, two International Standards for the use of sound intensity for sound source power determination, and one International Standard for sound intensity instrumentation, have also been published. A number of International Standards have also been developed.

Audio for Television outlinines all the relevant principles and practices. Newcomers to the field will find it an invaluable, up to date resource and experienced sound people will gain from the explanations of new technology. The rate of change in the technology of television sound has recently accelerated to such a degree that it is now a sufficiently expansive subject to warrant a book of its own. These rapid changes, from the introduction first of stereo, then multi-channel or surround sound, have made it difficult for those working in this field to keep up with the technology and even harder for those just setting out on a career in television sound. The book considers analog and digital audio as alternatives and stresses the advantages of both. Microphone and loudspeaker technology is also discussed in some detail and audio recording and routing and transmission are also covered.

First Published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Wavelet theory had its origin in quantum field theory, signal analysis, and function space theory. In these areas wavelet-like algorithms replace the classical Fourier-type expansion of a function. This unique new book is an excellent introduction to the basic properties of wavelets, from background math to powerful applications. The authors provide elementary methods for constructing wavelets, and illustrate several new classes of wavelets. The text begins with a description of local sine and cosine bases that have been shown to be very effective in applications. Very little mathematical background is needed to follow this material. A complete treatment of band-limited wavelets follows. These are characterized by some elementary equations, allowing the authors to introduce many new wavelets. Next, the idea of multiresolution analysis (MRA) is developed, and the authors include simplified presentations of previous studies, particularly for compactly supported wavelets. Some of the topics treated include: Several bases generated by a single function via translations and dilations Multiresolution analysis, compactly supported wavelets, and spline wavelets Band-limited wavelets Unconditionality of wavelet bases Characterizations of many of the principal objects in the theory of wavelets, such as low-pass filters and scaling functions The authors also present the basic philosophy that all orthonormal wavelets are completely characterized by two simple equations, and that most properties and constructions of wavelets can be developed using these two equations. Material related to applications is provided, and constructions of splines wavelets are presented. Mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and anyone with a mathematical background will find this to be an important text for furthering their studies on wavelets.

This detail-oriented text is intended for engineers and applied mathematicians who must write computer programs to perform wavelet and related analysis on real data. It contains an overview of mathematical prerequisites and proceeds to describe hands-on programming techniques to implement special programs for signal analysis and other applications. From the table of contents: - Mathematical Preliminaries - Programming Techniques - The Discrete Fourier Transform - Local Trigonometric Transforms - Quadrature Filters - The Discrete Wavelet Transform - Wavelet Packets - The Best Basis Algorithm - Multidimensional Library Trees - Time-Frequency Analysis - Some Applications - Solutions to Some of the Exercises - List of Symbols - Quadrature Filter Coefficients

Spectral Theory of Guided Waves represents a distillation of the authors' (and others) efforts over several years to rigorously discuss many of the properties of guided waves. The bulk of the book deals with the properties of eigenwaves of regular waveguiding systems and relates these to a variety of physical situations and applications to illustrate their generality. The book also includes considerable discussion of the basic properties of normal waves with quadratic operator pencils. Unique in its coverage of these subjects, the book will be of interest to engineers, applied mathematicians, and physicists with a working knowledge of functional analysis and spectral theory.

Nonlinear Waves in Elastic Media explores the theoretical results of one-dimensional nonlinear waves, including shock waves, in elastic media. It is the first book to provide an in-depth and comprehensive presentation of the nonlinear wave theory while taking anisotropy effects into account. The theory is completely worked out and draws on 15 years of research by the authors, one of whom also wrote the 1965 classic Magnetohydrodynamics.
Nonlinear Waves in Elastic Media emphasizes the behavior of quasitransverse waves and analyzes arbitrary discontinuity disintegration problems, illustrating that the solution can be non-unique - a surprising result. The solution is shown to be especially interesting when anisotropy and nonlinearity effects interact, even in small-amplitude waves. In addition, the text contains an independent mathematical chapter describing general methods to study hyperbolic systems expressing the conservation laws.
The theoretical results described in Nonlinear Waves in Elastic Media allow, for the first time, discovery and interpretation of many new peculiarities inherent to the general problem of discontinuous solutions and so provide a valuable resource for advanced students and researchers involved with continuum mechanics and partial differential equations.

Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement covers the applications and techniques of flow measurement. This definitive book provides guidelines for choosing appropriate techniques and assuring valid measurements as well as describes methods for treatment of calibration data in fluid flow under various conditions. The book also covers three systems of units: the SI system, the English Absolute Dimensional system, and the English Engineering system. Commonly used - and often misused - variables such as force, weight, and pressure are defined, and the relationships between the systems for these common variables are summarized.
One of the many unique features of Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement is the number of ready-to-use tables included throughout the text. Tables are provided for such commonly encountered variables as the saturation vapor pressure of water; the composition of dry air; the compressibility factor for air; air-free and air-saturated water density; viscosity of dry air, nitrogen, and other gases; and specific heat/specific volume ratios for dry air, water vapor, and moist air. Another unique feature of this book is the number of highly relevant examples. The author includes examples/exercises that demonstrate applications for density calculations; water vapor mixing ratio determination; gas viscosity interpolation; NIST guideline applications; buoyancy corrections; and more.

Providing a wealth of information on fundamental topics in the areas of linear air and underwater acoustics, as well as space-time signal processing, this book provides real-world design and analysis equations. As a consequence of the interdisciplinary nature of air and underwater acoustics, the book is divided into two parts: Acoustic Field Theory and Space-Time Signal Processing. It covers the fundamentals of acoustic wave propagation as well as the fundamentals of aperture theory, array theory, and signal processing. Starting with principles and using a consistent, mainly standard notation, this book develops, in detail, basic results that are useful in a variety of air and underwater acoustic applications. Numerous figures, examples, and problems are included.

Bivectors occur naturally in the description of elliptically polarized homogeneous and inhomogeneous plane waves. The description of a homogeneous plane wave generally involves a vector (the unit vector along the propagation direction) and a bivbector (the complex amplitude of the wave). Inhomogeneous plane waves are described in terms of two bivectors - the complex amplitude and the complex slowness. The use of bivectors and their associated ellipses is essential for the presentation of the 'directional ellipse' method given in this book, in deriving all possible inhomogeneous plane wave solutions in a given context.
The purpose of this book is to give an extensive treatment of the properties of bivectors and to show how these may be applied to the theory of homogeneous and inhomogeneous plane waves. For each chapter there are exercises with answers, many of which present further useful properties which are referred to afterwards. The material in this book is suitable for senior undergraduate and first year graduate students. It will also prove useful for researchers interested in homogeneous and inhomogeneous plane waves.

The major aim of this book is to introduce the ways in which scientists approach and think about a phenomenon -- hearing -- that intersects three quite different disciplines: the physics of sound sources and the propagation of sound through air and other materials, the anatomy and physiology of the transformation of the physical sound into neural activity in the brain, and the psychology of the perception we call hearing. Physics, biology, and psychology each play a role in understanding how and what we hear.
The text evolved over the past decade in an attempt to convey something about scientific thinking, as evidenced in the domain of sounds and their perception, to students whose primary focus is not science. It does so using a minimum of mathematics (high school functions such as linear, logarithmic, sine, and power) without compromising scientific integrity. A significant enrichment is the availability of a compact disc (CD) containing over 20 examples of acoustic demonstrations referred to in the book. These demonstrations, which range from echo effects and filtered noise to categorical speech perception and total more than 45 minutes, are invaluable resources for making the text come alive.

Introducing the first, self-contained reference on acoustic waveform logging

Acoustic measurements in boreholes were first made as a specialized logging technique in geological exploration, but recent advances have greatly expanded the potential applications of this technique. Acoustic Waves in Boreholes provides a thorough review of the theory and interpretation techniques needed to realize these applications, emphasizing the role of guided modes and critically refracted waves in determining the characteristics of recorded waveforms.

Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include the seismic properties of rocks; propagation of axisymmetric waves along fluid-filled boreholes in isotropic rocks; and symmetric and nonsymmetric sources in isotropic, transversely isotropic, and porous, permeable formations in open and cased boreholes. Each chapter includes the theory of synthetic microseismogram computation, interpretation and data inversion techniques illustrated using computed seismograms, and case histories using experimental data. Appendices providing the mathematical formulation needed to compute microseismograms, with a single consistent notation used throughout, are also included in appropriate chapters.

The wide range of geomechanical properties covered in this book will interest exploration geophysicists, reservoir engineers, civil engineers, geologists, and soil scientists.

The interaction of sound waves with the medium through which they pass can be used to investigate the thermophysical properties of that medium. With the advent of modern instrumentation, it is now possible to determine the speed and absorption of sound with extremely high precision and, through the dependence of those quantities on variables like temperature, pressure, and frequency to gain a sensitive measure of one or more properties of fluid. This has led to renewed interest in such measurements and in the extraction of thermophysical properties of gases and liquids there from.
Physical Acoustics and Metrology of Fluids describes both how to design experiments to achieve the highest possible accuracy and how to relate the quantities measured in those experiments to the thermophysical properties of the medium. A thorough theoretical examination of the alternative experimental methods available is designed to guide the experimentalist toward better and more accurate methods. This theoretical analysis is enhanced and complemented by an in-depth discussion of practical experimental techniques and the problems inherent within them. Bringing together the fields of thermodynamics, kinetic theory, fluid mechanics, and theoretical acoustics, plus a wealth of information about practical instruments, this book represents an essential reference on the design and execution of valuable experiments in fluid metrology and physical acoustics.

The current popular and scientific interest in virtual environments has provided a new impetus for investigating binaural and spatial hearing. However, the many intriguing phenomena of spatial hearing have long made it an exciting area of scientific inquiry. Psychophysical and physiological investigations of spatial hearing seem to be converging on common explanations of underlying mechanisms. These understandings have in turn been incorporated into sophisticated yet mathematically tractable models of binaural interaction. Thus, binaural and spatial hearing is one of the few areas in which professionals are soon likely to find adequate physiological explanations of complex psychological phenomena that can be reasonably and usefully approximated by mathematical and physical models. This volume grew out of the Conference on Binaural and Spatial Hearing, a four-day event held at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in response to rapid developments in binaural and spatial hearing research and technology. Meant to be more than just a proceedings, it presents chapters that are longer than typical proceedings papers and contain considerably more review material, including extensive bibliographies in many cases. Arranged into topical sections, the chapters represent major thrusts in the recent literature. The authors of the first chapter in each section have been encouraged to take a broad perspective and review the current state of literature. Subsequent chapters in each section tend to be somewhat more narrowly focused, and often emphasize the authors' own work. Thus, each section provides overview, background, and current research on a particular topic. This book is significant in that it reviews the important work during the past 10 to 15 years, and provides greater breadth and depth than most of the previous works.

Introduces Systematic Formulations for Use in Acoustic Applications Acoustics in Moving Inhomogeneous Media, Second Edition offers a uniquely complete and rigorous study of sound propagation and scattering in moving media with deterministic and random inhomogeneities. This study is of great importance in many fields including atmospheric and oceanic acoustics, aeroacoustics, acoustics of turbulent flows, remote sensing of the atmosphere and ocean, noise pollution in the atmosphere, and wave propagation. Provides Sensible Explanations Using Step-by-Step Practice The book begins by considering sound propagation through moving media with deterministic inhomogeneities such as vertical profiles of temperature and wind velocity in the atmosphere. It moves on to a new study of sound propagation and scattering in media with random inhomogeneities in adiabatic sound speed, density, and medium velocity. Then this second edition newly sets out state-of-the-art numerical methods for calculating the sound field and its statistical characteristics in moving inhomogeneous media, which is particularly useful for those working in atmospheric acoustics and studying noise pollution. Numerical codes are provided on the book's website www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780415564168 Covered in three parts, this second edition: Incorporates new results developed since the previous edition Rewrites and extends the text with formulations of sound propagation and scattering in random moving media Describes numerical methods for performing calculations involving equations from the first two parts Acoustics in Moving Inhomogeneous Media, Second Edition serves as the basis of a graduate course in atmospheric and oceanic acoustics or as a rigorous reference work in a wide range of fields such as atmospheric and oceanic acoustics, aeroacoustics, acoustics of turbulent flows, acoustic remote sensing, noise pollution, and wave propagation in deterministic and random media.

First published in 1988. This text describes a type of psychotherapy designed to increase marital intimacy, thus improving family functioning. The focus of this book is marriage as a psychological relationship. This is, then, a book about the quality of the relationship between a woman and a man in marriage and an approach to helping couples and families who have problems with intimacy.

Quantum Chemistry provides a coherent and structured approach in introducing the concept of 'quantum' to the students of quantum mechanics. An attempt is made to bring out the subtleties of quantum mechanics, hidden in its abstract laws and equations, applicable to the atomic domain by showing its relevance to the observable macroscopic world as well. The book will help students dispel the stigma associated with quantum mechanics. The emphasis on conceptual approach provides a platform to stand on, and a stimulus to pursue higher quantum mechanics-the doorway to the all-pervasive quantum world. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan).

Dynamics of Water Surface Flows and Waves provides theoretical descriptions of the whole life of water surface waves through their birth, propagation, evolution and finally breaking. While initial capillary waves are created via instability at air-water interfaces, potential wave theories adequately describe interactions of waves with current, bathymetry and structure. In the final breaking stage, potential fluid motions in the waves rapidly evolve into vortical turbulent flows that disturb the surfaces, resulting in entrainment of air-bubbles and ejection of sea spray in bursting bubbles floating on the surface. All theories and analytical methods required to understand the series of wave processes, over diverse areas of subjects, including turbulence, diffusion, vortex and capillary dynamics, shallow water approach, and stability analysis, as well as the conventional potential wave theory, are comprehensively covered in this book. All of the mathematical formulas are consistently developed from theorems and linked with physics, which provides theoretical understanding and further interest in wave dynamics. This is an ideal graduate-level textbook or reference for engineers and researchers in the fields of fluid and wave mechanics, coastal and ocean engineering.

This unique reference book offers a holistic description of the multifaceted field of systematic musicology, which is the study of music, its production and perception, and its cultural, historical and philosophical background. The seven sections reflect the main topics in this interdisciplinary subject. The first two parts discuss musical acoustics and signal processing, comprehensively describing the mathematical and physical fundamentals of musical sound generation and propagation. The complex interplay of physiology and psychology involved in sound and music perception is covered in the following sections, with a particular focus on psychoacoustics and the recently evolved research on embodied music cognition. In addition, a huge variety of technical applications for professional training, music composition and consumer electronics are presented. A section on music ethnology completes this comprehensive handbook. Music theory and philosophy of music are imbedded throughout. Carefully edited and written by internationally respected experts, it is an invaluable reference resource for professionals and graduate students alike.

From jet engine noise that generates vibrations in the structure of an aircraft, to the sound radiation from the hull of a ship or submarine that makes it identifiable, an understanding of structural acoustics is key in the design process in maritime, automotive, aerospace, and architectural engineering. Building on classic works in the field, Structural Acoustics: Deterministic and Random Phenomena presents fundamental concepts, relations, and simplified methods for calculating complex problems associated with vibrations and noise issues of automobiles, ships, submarines, and aircraft. This practical reference studies the response of structures and media that are coupled with a fluid and are under static, dynamic, and random loading. Simplified solutions to complicated problems Starting with a review of the fundamentals of acoustics and structural acoustics, the book discusses the response of the beams, plates, and shells that compose most built-up structures before providing methods for solving problems of built-up systems, including a procedure for computing the response of an elastic or viscoelastic media without resorting to a large computer program. Building on this analysis, the second section develops the analysis for random loading, which can also be applied to geophysical phenomena and viscoelastic media. Proceeding from the fundamental aspects of simple structures to more complicated cases with more involved loading, the book presents formulas and applications for random loading. By providing a fundamental understanding of sound radiation in air and water, this book shows readers how to solve structural and acoustical problems. An important reference for those working in the area of acoustics and vibration analysis, it also includes computer programs for acoustical analysis available at www.crcpress.com.

The book presents a broad-scope analysis of piezoelectric electromechanical transducers and the related aspects of practical transducer design for underwater applications. It uses an energy method for analyzing transducer problems that provides the physical insight important for the understanding of electromechanical devices. Application of the method is first illustrated with transducer examples that can be modeled as systems with a single degree of freedom, (such as spheres, short cylinders, bars and flexural disks and plates made of piezoelectric ceramics). Thereupon, transducers are modeled as devices with multiple degrees of freedom. In all these cases, results of modeling are presented in the form of equivalent electromechanical circuits convenient for the calculation of the transducers' operational characteristics. Special focus is made on the effects of coupled vibrations in mechanical systems on transducer performance. The book also provides extensive coverage of acoustic radiation including acoustic interaction between the transducers. The book is inherently multidisciplinary. It provides essential background regarding the vibration of elastic passive and piezoelectric bodies, piezoelectricity, acoustic radiation, and transducer characterization. Scientists and engineers working in the field of electroacoustics and those involved in education in the field will find this material useful not only for underwater acoustics, but also for electromechanics, energy conversion and medical ultrasonics.

This book offers detailed insights into new methods for high-fidelity CFD, and their industrially relevant applications in aeronautics. It reports on the H2020 TILDA project, funded by the European Union in 2015-2018. The respective chapters demonstrate the potential of high-order methods for enabling more accurate predictions of non-linear, unsteady flows, ensuring enhanced reliability in CFD predictions. The book highlights industrially relevant findings and representative test cases on the development of high-order methods for unsteady turbulence simulations on unstructured grids; on the development of the LES/DNS methodology by means of multilevel, adaptive, fractal and similar approaches for applications on unstructured grids; and on leveraging existent large-scale HPC networks to facilitate the industrial applications of LES/DNS in daily practice. Furthermore, the book discusses multidisciplinary applications of high-order methods in the area of aero-acoustics. All in all, it offers timely insights into the application and performance of high-order methods for CFD, and an extensive reference guide for researchers, graduate students, and industrial engineers whose work involves CFD and turbulence modeling.

This book reports on the 13th International Workshop on Railway Noise (IWRN13), held on September 16-20, 2019, in Ghent, Belgium. It gathers original peer-reviewed papers describing the latest developments in railway noise and vibration, as well as state-of-the-art reviews written by authoritative experts in the field. The different papers cover a broad range of railway noise and vibration topics, such as rolling noise, wheel squeal, noise perception, prediction methods, measurements and monitoring, and vehicle interior noise. Further topics include rail roughness, rail corrugation and grinding, high-speed rail and aerodynamic noise, structure-borne noise, ground-borne noise and vibration, and resilient track forms. Policy, criteria and regulation are also discussed. Offering extensive and timely information to both scientists and engineers, this book will help them in their daily efforts to identify, understand and solve problems related to railway noise and vibration, and to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing the environmental impact of railway systems.