Autowave Plasticity: Localization and Collective Modes discusses the nature of plastic flow in solids associated with the development of a localized plastic flow. Written by an authority in the field, the author demonstrates how patterns of localized plastic flow are associated with autowave modes that are generated in a deformable sample and delivers a complete work on the subject. Key Features An original work on the nature of plastic flows in solids, particularly metals and crystals Focuses on plastic flow as an autowave process Contains elements of theories, experimental considerations, and numerical modeling This reference will help readers with creating experimental methods to observe or localize plastic flow and with the modeling of plastic flows. It is a valuable reference for graduate students and research specialists working in material science.

This textbook provides graduate and advanced undergraduate students with a comprehensive introduction to the application of basic principles and concepts for physical and engineering acoustics. Many of the chapters are independent, and all build from introductory to more sophisticated material. Written by a well-known textbook author with 39 years of experience performing research, teaching, and mentoring in the field, it is specially designed to provide maximum support for learning. Derivations are rigorous and logical, with thorough explanations of operations that are not obvious. Many of the derivations and examples have not previously appeared in print. Important concepts are discussed for their physical implications and implementation. Many of the 56 examples are mini case studies that address systems students will find to be interesting and motivating for continued study. The example solutions address both the significance of the example and the reasoning underlying the formulation. Tasks that require computational work are fully explained. This volume contains 168 homework exercises, accompanied by a detailed solutions manual for instructors. Building on the foundation provided in Volume I: Fundamentals, this text offers a knowledge base that will enable the reader to begin undertaking research and to work in the core areas of acoustics.

A summary of the most important results in the existence and stability of periodic solutions for ordinary differential equations achieved in the twentieth century, along with relevant applications. It differs from standard classical texts on non-linear oscillations in that it also contains linear theory; theorems are proved with mathematical rigor; and, besides the classical applications such as Van der Pol's, Linard's and Duffing's equations, most applications come from biomathematics.
For graduate and Ph.D students in mathematics, physics, engineering, and biology, and as a standard reference for use by researchers in the field of dynamical systems and their applications.

Solid Acoustic Waves and Vibration: Theory and Applications is an exciting new book that takes readers inside a fascinating subject. It is charming that there is a complex and delicate structure in characteristic values, which is revealed by introducing a conceptual system including space operator, space-time variable, reference Poisson's ratio, etc., and developing the analytical models for all limiting cases. The dispersion curves of waves in an elastic plate are determined completely, and a systematic and concise description of the fundamental theory of this subject is given.As MEMS and NEMS technology develops, a number of new issues presents, such as the effects of residual stress, thin-film, air captured in micro-air-gaps and coating on the system, which make the problem complicated and spark debates. Micro-diaphragms are modeled by a plate in tension and mounted on air-spring, a general TDK equation of vibration of plates, including free, forced and damped vibrations, and its solutions are developed. The loading effect of coating is modeled by a mass load; a micro-load theory is presented. This book is a summary of the author's long-term research on electromechanical transducers and these related issues, and they provide an excellent description combining theory and application. The principle of electromechanical transducers, which achieve the conversion between mechanical and electrical energy, occupying a particularly important position in the field of robotics and intelligent machines, is elucidated by introducing the concepts of space-time operator, complex transformation factor, inversion impedance, etc., and an unfiled equivalent circuit is presented. The applications in micromachined capacitive ultrasonic transducers (mCUTs, CMUTs) for biomedical imaging and ultrasonic mass resonators (mUMRs) for biochemical sensing, including plate-type, beam-type, nanowire, bulk-wave, LAW and SAW delay-line ultrasonic resonators are described. This interdisciplinary book will be increasingly attractive as MEMS and NEMS technology develops.

Dynamical systems and Nonlinear Waves in Plasmas is written in a clear and comprehensible style to serve as a compact volume for advanced postgraduate students and researchers working in the areas of Applied Physics, Applied Mathematics, Dynamical Systems, Nonlinear waves in Plasmas or other nonlinear media. It provides an introduction to the background of dynamical systems, waves, oscillations and plasmas. Basic concepts of dynamical systems and phase plane analysis for the study of dynamical properties of nonlinear waves in plasmas are presented. Different kinds of waves in plasmas are introduced. Reductive perturbative technique and its applications to derive different kinds of nonlinear evolution equations in plasmas are discussed. Analytical wave solutions of these nonlinear evolution equations are presented using the concept of bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems in a very simple way. Bifurcations of both small and arbitrary amplitudes of various nonlinear acoustic waves in plasmas are presented using phase plots and time-series plots. Super nonlinear waves and its bifurcation behaviour are discussed for various plasma systems. Multiperiodic, quasiperiodic and chaotic motions of nonlinear plasma waves are discussed in presence of external periodic force. Multistability of plasma waves is investigated. Stable oscillation of plasma waves is also presented in dissipative plasmas. The book is meant for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying plasma physics. It will also serve a reference to the researchers, scientists and faculties to pursue the dynamics of nonlinear waves and its properties in plasmas. It describes the concept of dynamical systems and is useful in understanding exciting features, such as solitary wave, periodic wave, supernonlinear wave, chaotic, quasiperiodic and coexisting structures of nonlinear waves in plasmas. The concepts and approaches, discussed in the book, will also help the students and professionals to study such features in other nonlinear media.

Recent advancements in communication systems performance have been only possible because of digital signal processing applied in all areas of communication systems development and implementation. Advanced Signal Processing for Communication Systems consists of 20 contributions from researchers and experts.
The first group of chapters deals with the audio and video processing for communications applications, including topics ranging from multimedia content delivery over the Internet, through the speech processing and recognition to recognition of non-speech sounds that can be attributed to the surrounding environment.
Significant attention is given to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in its various forms, e.g. HIPERLAN, IEEE 802, 11 a. Aspects of OFDM technology covered include novel forms of modulation and coding, methods of reducing in-band and out-of-band spurious signal generation, and means of reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of an OFDM waveform. In these contributions, a key objective is to return the inherent implementational simplicity of the OFDM technique while enhancing its performance relative to single carrier systems.
Digital signal processing for second and third generation systems is represented in the book as well. The topics cover both theoretical issues like spreading sequence design and implementation issues of 3G user equipment modem, and MMSE receivers for CDMA systems. A useful comparison of complexity of channel estimation, equalization and decoding for GSM receivers is discussed, too.
The book also includes sections on applications of error control coding, information theory, and digital signal processing for communication systems like modulation, software-defined radio, and channel estimation.
Advanced Signal Processing for Communication Systems is written for researchers working on communication systems and signal processing, as well as telecommunications industry professionals.

This graduate and advanced undergraduate textbook systematically addresses all core topics in physical and engineering acoustics. Written by a well-known textbook author with 39 years of experience performing research, teaching, and mentoring in the field, it is specially designed to provide maximum support for learning. Presentation begins from a foundation that does not assume prior study of acoustics and advanced mathematics. Derivations are rigorous, thoroughly explained, and often innovative. Important concepts are discussed for their physical implications and their implementation. Many of the examples are mini case studies that address systems students will find to be interesting and motivating for continued study. Step-by-step explanations accompany example solutions. They address both the significance of the example and the strategy for approaching it. Wherever techniques arise that might be unfamiliar to the reader, they are explained in full. Volume I contains 186 homework exercises, accompanied by a detailed solutions manual for instructors. This text, along with its companion, Volume II: Applications, provides a knowledge base that will enable the reader to begin undertaking research and to work in core areas of acoustics.

Users of signal processing systems are never satis?ed with the system they currently use. They are constantly asking for higher quality, faster perf- mance, more comfort and lower prices. Researchers and developers should be appreciative for this attitude. It justi?es their constant e?ort for improved systems. Better knowledge about biological and physical interrelations c- ing along with more powerful technologies are their engines on the endless road to perfect systems. This book is an impressive image of this process. After "Acoustic Echo 1 and Noise Control" published in 2004 many new results lead to "Topics in 2 Acoustic Echo and Noise Control" edited in 2006 . Today - in 2008 - even morenew?ndingsandsystemscouldbecollectedinthisbook.Comparingthe contributions in both edited volumes progress in knowledge and technology becomesclearlyvisible: Blindmethodsandmultiinputsystemsreplace"h- ble" low complexity systems. The functionality of new systems is less and less limited by the processing power available under economic constraints. The editors have to thank all the authors for their contributions. They cooperated readily in our e?ort to unify the layout of the chapters, the ter- nology, and the symbols used. It was a pleasure to work with all of them. Furthermore, it is the editors concern to thank Christoph Baumann and the Springer Publishing Company for the encouragement and help in publi- ing this book.

The safe operation of a nuclear power plant depends on the reliability and safety of the reactor plant, which in turn requires careful monitoring of the equipment at the manufacturing and operation stages. This monograph critically examines the fundamental effects of hydrodynamic and vibration load formation on the modern power unit of the VVER-1200 nuclear power plant, which is originally designed in Russia, as well as the causes and main sources of vibration in the main circulation loop and their energy contribution. Practical examples are used to explain how vibration stress can be reduced and the hydrodynamic status of the circuit improved. Current research on the vibroacoustics of some non-Russion nuclear reactors is also included.

The field of nonlinear optics, which has undergone a very rapid development since the discovery of lasers in the early sixties, continues to be an active and rapidly developing - search area. The interest is mainly due to the potential applications of nonlinear optics: - rectly in telecommunications for high rate data transmission, image processing and recognition or indirectly from the possibility of obtaining large wavelength range tuneable lasers for applications in industry, medicine, biology, data storage and retrieval, etc. New phenomena and materials continue to appear regularly, renewing the field. This has proven to be especially true over the last five years. New materials such as organics have been developed with very large second- and third-order nonlinear optical responses. Imp- tant developments in the areas of photorefractivity, all optical phenomena, frequency conv- sion and electro-optics have been observed. In parallel, a number of new phenomena have been reported, some of them challenging the previously held concepts. For example, solitons based on second-order nonlinearities have been observed in photorefractive materials and frequency doubling crystals, destroying the perception that third order nonlinearities are - quired for their generation and propagation. New ways of creating and manipulating nonl- ear optical materials have been developed. An example is the creation of highly nonlinear (second-order active) polymers by static electric field, photo-assisted or all-optical poling. Nonlinear optics involves, by definition, the product of electromagnetic fields. As a con- quence, it leads to the beam control.

This book presents comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the wide field of concentrated vortices observed in nature and technique. The methods for research of their kinematics and dynamics are considered. Special attention is paid to the flows with helical symmetry. The authors have described models of vortex structures used for interpretation of experimental data which serve as a ground for development of theoretical and numerical approaches to vortex investigation.

Presenting a comprehensive description of the theory and physics of high-intensity ultrasound, this book also deals with a wide range of problems associated with the industrial applications of ultrasound, mainly in the areas of metallurgy and mineral processing. The book is divided into three sections, and Part I introduces the reader to the theory and physics of high-intensity ultrasound. Part II considers the design of ultrasonic generators, mechanoacoustic radiators and other vibrational systems, as well as the control of acoustic parameters when vibrations are passed into a processed medium. Finally, Part III describes problems associated with various uses of high-intensity ultrasound in metallurgy. The applications of high-intensity ultrasound for metal shaping, thermal and thermochemical treatment, welding, cutting, refining, and surface hardening are also discussed here. This comprehensive monograph will provide an invaluable source of information, which has been largely unavailable in the West until now.

Characteristics and asymptotics of partial differential equations play an important role in mathematical physics since they lead to insightful solutions of complex problems that might not be solvable otherwise. They constitute, however, a difficult subject, and the purpose of this book, with its additions and refinements that led to its third edition, is to present this subject in an accessible manner, without decreasing the rigor. As any method, characteristics and asymptotics have their limitations. This important issue is addressed in the last chapter, where we discuss caustics, which must be understood in applications of the method, and which constitute a fertile ground for further mathematical research.The book is both a research reference and a textbook. Its careful and explanatory style, which includes numerous exercises with detailed solutions, makes it an excellent textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, as well as for independent studies. Six appendices are provided, which form a self-contained course on applied mathematics and can be used as a textbook on its own.

This improved and updated second edition covers the theory, development, and design of electro-acoustic transducers for underwater applications. This highly regarded text discusses the basics of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are currently being used as well as promising new designs. It presents the basic acoustics as well as the specific acoustics data needed in transducer design and evaluation. A broad range of designs of projectors and hydrophones are described in detail along with methods of modeling, evaluation, and measurement. Analysis of projector and hydrophone transducer arrays, including the effects of mutual radiation impedance and numerical models for elements and arrays, are also covered. The book includes new advances in transducer design and transducer materials and has been completely reorganized to be suitable for use as a textbook, as well as a reference or handbook. The new edition contains corrections to the first edition, end-of-chapter exercises, and solutions to selected exercises. Each chapter includes a short introduction, end-of-chapter summary, and an extensive reference list offering the reader more detailed information and historical context. A glossary of key terms is also included at the end.

This continuation and extension of the successful book "Localized Waves" by the same editors brings together leading researchers in non-diffractive waves to cover the most important results in their field and as such is the first to present the current state.
The well-balanced presentation of theory and experiments guides readers through the background of different types of non-diffractive waves, their generation, propagation, and possible applications. The authors include a historical account of the development of the field, and cover different types of non-diffractive waves, including Airy waves and realistic, finite-energy solutions suitable for experimental realization. Apart from basic research, the concepts explained here have promising applications in a wide range of technologies, from wireless communication to acoustics and bio-medical imaging.

The book presents a state-of-art overview of numerical schemes efficiently solving the acoustic conservation equations (unknowns are acoustic pressure and particle velocity) and the acoustic wave equation (pressure of acoustic potential formulation). Thereby, the different equations model both vibrational- and flow-induced sound generation and its propagation. Latest numerical schemes as higher order finite elements, non-conforming grid techniques, discontinuous Galerkin approaches and boundary element methods are discussed. Main applications will be towards aerospace, rail and automotive industry as well as medical engineering. The team of authors are able to address these topics from the engineering as well as numerical points of view.

Autowave Plasticity: Localization and Collective Modes discusses the nature of plastic flow in solids associated with the development of a localized plastic flow. Written by an authority in the field, the author demonstrates how patterns of localized plastic flow are associated with autowave modes that are generated in a deformable sample and delivers a complete work on the subject. Key Features An original work on the nature of plastic flows in solids, particularly metals and crystals Focuses on plastic flow as an autowave process Contains elements of theories, experimental considerations, and numerical modeling This reference will help readers with creating experimental methods to observe or localize plastic flow and with the modeling of plastic flows. It is a valuable reference for graduate students and research specialists working in material science.

The theory of waves is generalized on cases when waves change medium in which they appear and propagate. A reaction of structural elements and space objects to the dynamic actions of the different nature, durations, and intensities is studied. It considers the effects of transitions in the state and phase equations of media on the formation and propagation of extreme waves as a result of power, thermal, or laser pulsed action. The influence of cavitation and cool boiling of liquids, geometric and physical nonlinearity of walls on containers' strength, and the formation of extreme waves is studied. The theory can be also used to optimize impulse technology, in particular, in the optimization of explosive processing of sheet metal by explosion in a liquid. This book was written for researchers and engineers, as well as graduate students in the fields of thermal fluids, aerospace, nuclear engineering, and nonlinear waves.

Since the turn of the century, the increasing availability of photoelectron imaging experiments, along with the increasing sophistication of experimental techniques, and the availability of computational resources for analysis and numerics, has allowed for significant developments in such photoelectron metrology. Quantum Metrology with Photoelectrons, Volume 2: Applications and Advances discusses the fundamental concepts along with recent and emerging applications. Volume 2 explores the applications and development of quantum metrology schemes based on photoelectron measurements. The author begins with a brief historical background on ""complete"" photoionization experiments, followed by the details of state reconstruction methodologies from experimental measurements. Three specific applications of quantum metrology schemes are discussed in detail. In addition, the book provides advances, future directions, and an outlook including (ongoing) work to generalise these schemes and extend them to dynamical many-body systems. Volume 2 will be of interest to readers wishing to see the (sometimes messy) details of state reconstruction from photoelectron measurements as well as explore the future prospects for this class of metrology.

Presents in a systematic and unified manner the ray method, in its various forms, for studying nonlinear wave propagation in situations of physical interest, essentially fluid dynamics and plasma physics.

Acoustics of Nanodispersed Magnetic Fluids presents key information on the acoustic properties of magnetic fluids. The book is based on research carried out by the author as well as on many publications in both the Russian and foreign scientific literature from 1969 onwards. It describes a wide variety of topics, which together lay the foundation of a new scientific research area: the acoustics of nanodispersed media. The book examines the nanoscale structure of matter in specific areas and discusses the following: Model theory and known features of the propagation of sound waves in magnetised fluids Acoustomagnetic and magnetoacoustic effects in magnetic fluids Acoustomagnetic spectroscopy of vibrational modes in the liquid-shell system Vibration and rheological effects of magnetised magnetic fluids Acoustometry of the shape of magnetic nanoaggregates and non-magnetic microaggregates Acoustogranulometry, a new method for studying the physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a carrier fluid The book is a valuable resource for engineers and researchers in the fields of acoustics, physical acoustics, magnetic hydrodynamics, and rheology physics. The experimental methods, which are described in this book, are based on incompatible features of magnetic fluids, i.e. strong magnetism, fluidity and compressibility. As a result, this can find industrial application in advanced technology. It is also useful for both advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying nanotechnology, materials science, physical and applied acoustics.

The interaction of sound waves with the medium through which they pass can be used to investigate the thermophysical properties of that medium. With the advent of modern instrumentation, it is now possible to determine the speed and absorption of sound with extremely high precision and, through the dependence of those quantities on variables like temperature, pressure, and frequency to gain a sensitive measure of one or more properties of fluid. This has led to renewed interest in such measurements and in the extraction of thermophysical properties of gases and liquids there from. Physical Acoustics and Metrology of Fluids describes both how to design experiments to achieve the highest possible accuracy and how to relate the quantities measured in those experiments to the thermophysical properties of the medium. A thorough theoretical examination of the alternative experimental methods available is designed to guide the experimentalist toward better and more accurate methods. This theoretical analysis is enhanced and complemented by an in-depth discussion of practical experimental techniques and the problems inherent within them. Bringing together the fields of thermodynamics, kinetic theory, fluid mechanics, and theoretical acoustics, plus a wealth of information about practical instruments, this book represents an essential reference on the design and execution of valuable experiments in fluid metrology and physical acoustics.